„Mienie pożydowskie” jako figura polskiego dyskursu publicznego

Author(s): Piotr Forecki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

The term “post-Jewish property” has a descriptive function in Polish. It is present in both colloquial speech and academic discourse. This specific collocation usually does not raise semantic suspicions and is considered a carrier of neutral content used to describe certain material assets, that is the property of Jews who were murdered by the Germans during the Holocaust, in particular – the real estate remaining in Poland, whose owners changed. The problem with the term “post-Jewish property” understood in this way is that it is based on false foundations and incorporates functions assigned to it in order to ensure the comfort of the Polish national community. The key objective of this paper is to deconstruct this highly convenient and useful conceptual collocation, indicate its origin and, primarily, to answer the question of what it tries to erase/conceal.

„Minden van köztünk”

Author(s): Zsuzsa Bodnár / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 08/2014

„Myśmy się nawzajem poznawały po oczach”… Z badań nad strategiami przetrwania kobiet żydowskich funkcjonujących „na powierzchni” po tzw. aryjskiej stronie w okupowanym Krakowie i okolicach

Author(s): Martyna Grądzka-Rejak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2015

The purpose of this article is to show the survival strategies and the everyday life of Jewish women living on the so-called Aryan side in occupied Krakow and its surroundings. Ego-documents are the core source: relations and diaries collected in the Archive of the Jewish Historical Institute in Warsaw, the Archives of Yad Vashem in Jerusalem and the Archives of the Metropolitan Curia in Kraków. A thorough analysis of the phenomenon is very complex, therefore this article only discusses the fate of the Jewish women who co-existed amongst Polish society rather than those who did not have ‘Aryan documents’ or could be betrayed by their appearance, and were thus forced to remain in hiding the whole time. The article not only pays attention to the survival strategies and ways in which they disguised their origins and identities, but it also explores the everyday life, family relationships, work and religious life of these women. The author’ s aim was not to analyse aid provided to Jewish women by non-Jews, or symmetrically, to synthesise problems regarding the selling out of Jews in occupied Krakow. Both issues do appear in the article, but rather as background to the individual cases, since they were, in fact, inseparable elements of any survival strategy on the Aryan side in the GG ‘capital’. The article also notes the absence of certain topics in the interviews, related to the daily life of Jewish women in hiding, which makes a more comprehensive analysis difficult.

„Nad morzem miasto biało-błękitne”… Obraz Tel Awiwu w poezji polsko-żydowskiej lat międzywojennych

Author(s): Beata Tarnowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: XV/2013

The subject of the paper is the image of Tel Aviv that emerges from the poetry of thepoets of the Jewish origin but writing in Polish, in the 20’s and the 30’s of the 20th century,especially from the poems of Anda Eker and Maurycy Szymel.In the Palestinian poems of the young poet Anda Eker who was traveling a few timesto Erec Israel, Tel Aviv, showing many Arcadian traits, seems to be the symbol of freedomand safety for the Jews from all over the world. Yet, the poem The Jewish state of MaurycySzymel, depicts that city – a symbol of the future Jewish state and simultaneously themodern Babylon – in the context of the Biblical extermination. The contestation of the urbanutopia that appears in this poems, reflects characteristic for the Jewish Diaspora diversity ofattitudes towards the Zionist idea.

„Naród słabych i skrzywdzonych”. Wojny i rewolucje lat 1914–1921 w pamięci młodzieży żydowskiej okresu międzywojennego

Author(s): Kamil Kijek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 34/2014

The article presents the experience of the years of World War I and revolutions as remembered by Polish Jewish adolescents in the 1930s. The author attempts to answer the question what was the common meaning attributed to the representations of the war years among young people coming from different strata of interwar Polish Jewish society, as well as the social and political significance of these representations.

„Nasz mały sabotaż…” – rola polskich więźniarek w życiu obozowym (legalnym i nielegalnym) KL Stutthof

Author(s): Danuta Drywa / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2017

Among the relatively small group of women who had been evidenced in the KL Stutthof by the end of 1943 there were Polish women inmates who, as far as it was possible, though not being able to help all the inmates, organized the so-called minor sabotage. It involved damaging German uniforms that had been sent in to be mended, burning in stoves the best furs cut up into small pieces, conveying illegally obtained radio information about the army front, organizing additional clothes and food for imprisoned men, damaging the best leather belts, cufflinks and clips to be packed with soldier outfits, as well as taking care of children and teenage inmates of the camp. Teachers and girl-scout activists organized for their fellow-women inmates poetry readings, religious festivals and – in 1944 – secret schooling. The women took advantage of every possible moment and opportunity to devote themselves to illegal work, however little they could do, and even while working under the supervision of kapos or German overseers.

„Nem betegség ez, inkább egészség”

Author(s): Mihály Vajda / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 4/2002

The essay, by Mihály Vajda shows how and over what obstacles the Kertész oeuvre has managed to wrest meaning and value from the Holocaust.

„Nem veszedelmes többé.”

Jiddis a Magyar-Zsidó Szemlében, a magyar zsidó tudományos diskurzusban

Author(s): Szonja Ráhel Komoróczy / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2016

„Nie chodzi o to, czy nienawidzi czy nie. Muzułmanie mu przeszkadzali” – kategoria zakłócenia w narracjach o muzułmanie w literaturze Szoa

Author(s): Dennis Bock / Language(s): Polish Issue: 25/2015

In the literary recollections of camp survivors the figure of the Muselmann is a recurring motif. The author puts forward a thesis about the existence of a dominating, prototypical narration about a Muselmann, which occurs not only in literary texts but also in scholarly studies. The questioning of the exemplary forms of depicting a Muselmann may lead to irritation and evoke in readers the feeling of “disturbance”. The re-enactment of such disturbances possesses a hidden analytical potential, as it reveals routinized and partly problematic cultural structures of reception and cquisition apparent especially in the context of post-catastrophic narrations and remembrance of the Shoah.

„Nie myśl, że to pisze obłąkany”. Listy rabina z Grabowa i jego misja informowania o Zagładzie

Author(s): Adam Sitarek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 15/2019

In early January 1942 escapees from the nearby death camp in Chełmno nad Nerem reached Grabów, a small locality in Regierungsbezirk Litzmannstadt in Wartheland. At that time the German Nazis were liquidating the nearby ghettoes one by one, deporting their residents to Chełmno, where the victims were murdered. In Grabów the survivors met with the local rabbi and gave testimony about the crime they had witnessed. The rabbi almost immediately decided to send a letter to his family and friends warning them against the deportations. The escapees also informed Grabów inhabitants about the tragic news in his house. The next day the rabbi wrote another letter. Other Grabów inhabitants followed his example. Consequently, the information about the mass murder was spreading. A lot suggests that the Grabów rabbi’s initiative might have been the ϐirst organized attempt to warn Jews detained in ghettoes of Regierungsbezirk Litzmannstadt in Wartheland against the approaching extermination. This means that the rabbi played an important role in the transfer of information about the murder committed in the nearby camp in Chełmno nad Nerem. Consisting in spreading news about the deportations’ objective, his activity hampered the work of the German oppressors and enabled the victims to verify the German’s assertions about the deportations purported aim (labor) and learn about the actual fate of their families and friends deported to Chełmno.

„Niemcy znaleźli u nich zrabowane żydowskie rzeczy i dlatego ich rozstrzelali”: Kureń Bukowiński, Holokaust w Kijowie i świadectwo Marty Zybaczynskiej

Author(s): Jurij Radczenko / Language(s): Polish Issue: 14/2018

W powszechnym odbiorze egzekucje Żydów w Babim Jarze stały się symbolem Holokaustu „od kul” na terenach okupowanego przez nazistów Związku Radzieckiego. Mimo że od tych straszliwych wydarzeń minęło ponad 70 lat i ukazało się wiele prac naukowych, historia Babiego Jaru pozostaje obiektem dyskusji naukowych i spekulacji politycznych. Zazwyczaj ulegają one zaostrzeniu w przededniu oraz w czasie żałobnych obchodów rocznicy rozpoczęcia masowych egzekucji w Babim Jarze. Niestety, dominuje w nich właśnie element polityczny i propagandowy. Dotyczy to przede wszystkim kwestii (braku) udziału Kurenia Bukowińskiego (KB), formacji wojskowej OUN Andrija Melnyka, w egzekucjach Żydów w Babim Jarze jesienią 1941 r. oraz ogólnie w Zagładzie na terenie Kijowa w latach okupacji nazistowskiej.

„Nigdy więcej!” – historia pewnej utopii

Author(s): Sławomir Buryła / Language(s): Polish Issue: 25/2015

The author of the article studies the literary and cultural topos “Never more!”. He discusses its social and historical contexts as well as the instrumentalization of the anti-war rhetorics in the period of Peoples’ Republic of Poland (Pol. abbr. PRL). The outline also presents the place of anti-war rhetorics in the modern culture.

„NINCS NEKIK SE NYELVÜK, SE ÍRÁSUK” - A ZSIDÓK ÉS A LATIN NYELV A KÉSŐ ÓKORBAN

Author(s): Tibor Grüll / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1-2/2002

The Latin language did not enjoy popularity either among the Jewish population of Iudaea/Palaestina or that of the diaspora. This may be traced back to political, religious and cultural reasons. In spite of the strong aversion to Romans, Jews did use Latin, especially from the 4th century onwards, when Christianity was declared state religion. The most important evidences of the usage of Latin are the inscriptions. Some phrases in the Jewish epitaphs indicate a typically Jewish environment, which cannot prove, however, the existence of a Judenlatein (i. e. a coherent system of lexical, semantic, morphological and syntactic divergences). The examination of two Jewish epitaphs (CIJ 476. Monteverde catacomb, Rome, III—IVth century; CIJ 650. Catania, 383), a legal document (Collatio legum Mosaicarum et Romanarum) as well as a religious text (Epistola Anne ad Senecam), all formulated in Latin are to demonstrate our hypothesis. As regards Jewish inscriptions we do examine the sociolinguistical background of the epitaphs; while in the case of the Jewish-Latin literary texts we do research on the Biblical allusions.

„O Matce i ojczyźnie”. Rozmowa z Bożeną Keff i Michaelem Zgodzayem

Author(s): Magdalena Waligórska,Magdalena Marszałek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 29/2014

„O nadawaniu imion umarłym”. Rozmowa z Robertem Schindelem i Jackiem Burasem

Author(s): Magdalena Waligórska,Magdalena Marszałek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 29/2014

„O poszukiwaniu prawdy i przekładzie, który dotyka do żywego”. Rozmowa z Eryką Fischer i Katarzyną Weintraub

Author(s): Magdalena Waligórska,Magdalena Marszałek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 29/2014

„O Żydzie na strychu i tożsamości mieszańca”. Rozmowa z Joanną Bator i Esther Kinsky

Author(s): Magdalena Waligórska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 29/2014

„Odrodziły się traumy z czasów Zagłady”. Marzec 1968 jako narracja postkatastroficzna

Author(s): Anna Artwińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 25/2015

The article discusses select literary images and presentations of March 1968, which are treated as an example of a postcatastrophic narration. The author states that the events of the years 1967-1968 are often depicted in Polish literature as a kind of a “recurring catastrophe” – predicting an event of the calibre of the Holocaust. Similarities and parallels can be noticed on the artistic level (ways of representation) and ideological (judgement of events). Consequently, the catastrophe does not fulfil its cathartic function and does not become a breakthrough, instead its characteristic features are repetitions and new configurations. Finally, the author asks whether, and to what extent, Polish remembrance of March overlaps with the remembrance of the Holocaust, and to what degree the struggle with anti-Semitism in 1967-1968 was simultaneously a struggle with anti-Semitism during WWII.

„Oni wciąż we mnie żyją”. Israel Gutman (1923–2013): ocalały z Zagłady, uczestnik powstania w getcie warszawskim, historyk żydowski

Author(s): Havi Dreifuss / Language(s): Polish Issue: 10/2014

The article if devoted to Prof. Israel Gutman, one of the most eminent Holocaust scholars. Dreifuss reconstructs Gutman’s life from the pre-war period, through his stay in the Warsaw ghetto and concentration camps, to his emigration to Palestine and the building of the state of Israel, where the novice kibbutz worker became a scholar who shaped the direction of Holocaust research at the Yad Vashem Institute and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Gutman’s scientific methodology postulated a focus on the life of Jews during the Holocaust, its reconstruction on the basis of Jewish sources, and explanation of personal dilemmas and complex social relations.

„Oriental Flower in Pest"

Author(s): Ivan Sanders / Language(s): English Issue: 02/1995

The review of: Kinga Frojimovics, Géza Komoróczy, Viktória Pusztai, and Andrea Strbik: A zsidó Budapest: Emlékek, szertartások, történelem (Jewish Budapest: Records, Recollections, Rituals); Faces of the City Series Ed. by Géza Komoróczy, Budapest: City Hall/Center of Jewish Studies of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences 1995, 2 vols., 793 pp., illustrated.