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The Relationship Between Burnout and Demographic Factors Among Nurses at the Ihsan Çabej Hospital in Lushnje

Author(s): Kiduina Zaka,Artemisi Shehu Dono,Arjana Muçaj / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2024

The purpose of this study is to describe the relationship between burnout syndrome and demographic factors at nurses at the Ihsan Çabej Hospital in Lushnje. Maslach (1982) defines“Burnout syndrome” as “loss of professional interest involving physical and emotional fatigue, lack of positive feelings towards the profession and loss of respect for colleagues and patients”. While the other variable of demographic factors on this paper refers to age, gender and years of work experience. The sample size of this study was 30 nurses of emergency repart at the Ihsan Çabej Hospital in Lushnje. Specifically, the sample consists of (n = 12) females and (n =18) males. Copenhagen Burnout Inventory was used to collect data. It contains 19 questions and aims to collect information about burnout in three dimensions: personal burnout, work-related burnout and client-related burnout. The results of the analysis show that there is a negative correlation relationship statistically significant between years of work experience and burnout. This means that the higher the number of the working years, the lower is the burnout level. There was no difference between male and female regarding to burnout syndrome. Also, correlation show no significant relationship between age and burnout

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EARLY CHILDHOOD LEARNING THROUGH OUTDOOR EDUCATION AND MINDFULNESS

Author(s): Nicoletta Rosati / Language(s): English Issue: 14/2024

Objectives. Research suggests that mindfulness practice has had a positive impact on the development of personality. Outdoor education is also considered an important aspect of early childhood education. Research on the use of mindfulness with children is scarce at present, and it focuses entirely on the primary school level and beyond. This informal survey aims to illustrate how mindfulness practice and outdoor education can be combined in activities for nursery school children. Material and Method. Forty children from two to three years of age participated in the survey. They were divided into two groups: the intervention group and the control group. They both practiced mindfulness exercises to develop concentration and selective attention, together with sensory-motor activities. Children in the intervention group could practice mindfulness in outdoor activities, whereas children in the intervention group practiced the same activities in the classroom. Grids and a logbook for each child were used to record observation data. In addition, the Social Behavior Scale and the GMT-ER test were used for the assessment of children’s social-emotional and motor-cognitive skills before and after mindfulness practice combined with or without outdoor activities. Results. The qualitative analysis of the results indicates that the teaching of mindfulness practice, together with outdoor activities, encourages children to reflect on themselves, to maintain concentration on activities for a longer period of time, to have pro-social behaviors, and to become aware of the environment. Conclusion. Nursery school activities should always involve body, mind, and emotions, together with mindfulness practice. When a child can experience this connection within a natural environment in the context of play, this has a significant impact on their psychological wellbeing.

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Art-of-living training: developing an intervention for adolescents with depression or anxiety

Author(s): Jessica Lang,Madeleine Georg,Lisa Groetsch,Bernhard Schmitz / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

Objective: The present paper describes two studies that aim at the transfer of the art-ofliving into the clinical-therapeutic context. Study 1 aimed at the identification of those artof-living components that show differences for adolescents who are suffering from anxiety or depression. In Study 2, a need-oriented and a predefined art-of-living training were developed, implemented and evaluated. Design: Study 1 is based on a pre-experimental comparative design. Study 2 is an intervention study based on a randomized two factors multivariate 3x3 design with repeated measures. Main Outcome measures: The main outcome measures are art-of-living, life satisfaction, depression and anxiety. Results: Study 1 could show significant differences of the art-of-living subscales in the comparison of a clinical and a nonclinical sample. A specific pattern was identified for the clinical sample. The results of Study 2 show that the developed trainings improved the art-of-living (F(2,37) = 4.24, p =.02, η² =.67) as well as the satisfaction with life (F(2,37) = 8.19, p <001, η² =.92). Furthermore, a reduction of depression could be achieved (F(2,37) = 6.45, p< 001, η² =.82). Conclusion: In summary, the training successfully enhanced art-of-living and reduced depression. Limitations and benets are discussed.

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Psychological Support for Individuals Experiencing the Loss of a Loved One during War

Author(s): Natalia BARINOVA,Oleksandr KOCHARIAN,Tamara KRYVONIS,Olesia PROKOFIEVA,Iryna Uninets,Vira DUB / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

The article analyzes the main theoretical and practical approaches to understanding psychological aspects of grief resulting from the loss of a loved one during wartime. It focuses on the primary methods of addressing the challenges associated with such loss, examines the psychological experiences of children facing this trauma during war and investigates strategies for providing psychological support to those affected. This theoretical piece states that losing a loved one in war is both a personal and international tragedy, highlighting how war devastates not only individuals but also entire families and communities. Due to the war initiated by the Russian Federation, Ukraine continues to experience combat operations, and enemy missile strikes are destroying civilian homes. During the war, Ukrainians live in constant stress, with some losing their loved ones. The experience of loss has both emotional and physical impacts.

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The application of adlerian psychotherapy for an adult with high functioning autism and depression

Author(s): Hom Yi Lee / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2017

High functioning autism (HFA) in adults is often accompanied by depression disorder. However, relatively few reports have focused on the treatment of such cases. This report introduced the intervention of Adlerian therapy for an adult with HFA and depression, in order to provide some suggestions for other therapists. The client was a 51-year-old female servant who searched for counseling through the Center of Work Strengthening due to the appearance of psychosomatic complaints when dealing with her occupational accident. The counseling entailed 10 interventions, one day a week for more than two months, with 60-90minutes per intervention. The client not only exhibited symptoms of depression and anxiety, but also HFA. The therapist applied four stages, as suggested by Adlerian therapy, to the client with HFA: 1. Relationship-building: respecting HFA clients’ subjective experience and listening carefully with empathy. 2. Assessment: asking questions about their history and the current functioning of their interpersonal relationships. 3. Interpretation and insights: discussing with the client and euphemistically pointing out the underlying motives for behaving the way she does in the ‘here and now’, to help her understand the limitations of the lifestyle she has chosen. 4. Reorientation and reeducation: to encourage clients to take the risk in engaging in new activities to adapt to the changes, and to adjust their rigid fictional final goals, and social interests. Finally, the client went back to work without serious depression and was able to express her negative emotions to her supervisor, as well as adjust her daily routine. Adults with HFA have low social interests and rigid beliefs which easily make them feel depressed when they suffer stress; their condition can be improved through Adlerian therapy.

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Treating depression in the Caregivers of Cancer Patients

Author(s): Joyce M. Louis,Lisa Adams,Tony L. Brown / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2017

Partners often assume the role of caregiver when cancer is brought into the home. The support caregivers provide to cancer patients has immeasurable value. However, care giving can take a significant toll on loved ones from both a psychological and physiological perspective; sometimes to the point of producing caregiver burden. One of the diseases most prevalent in caregivers is depression. Signs and symptoms of depression amongst caregivers vary from mild to severe and people respond quite differently to the life stressors they face. While, the exact cause of depression is not known, proven research correlates it with an internal chemical and/or neurotransmitter imbalance that can be triggered by stress, chronic stress in particular. As a mood disorder, depression affects how you feel, think, and function in the performance of your daily activities. It is critically important to identify caregivers exhibiting depressive symptoms and first, to provide them with both emotional and psychological support, and second, so as to ensure the individual battling cancer receives optimal support from their loved ones. This review article serves to promote health awareness and the unmet needs of cancer patient caregivers, the presence of caregiver burden, and the impact that stress can have on one’s neurophysiological processes to precipitate the development of mental illness such as depression.

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Body’s image concerns and its impact on academic achievements

Author(s): N. Tallat,A. Fatima,D. Adiya / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2017

Introduction: Someone`s self-perception is somebody’s very own mental representation or identity or as organized definitive learning about one’s self that could manage the social conduct. Young people observed to be occupied with redesigning and figuring their mental self-image. Poor self-perception diminishes self-adequacy and self-regard which cause mutilation in scholarly accomplishment. Method: An observational study was led utilizing online questionnaire, 160 college undergraduates from various health sciences disciplines were included including both male, and female subjects. Effect of mental self-perception on educational accomplishments was examined. Results: Results revealed that, physical appearance or body image did affect academic achievement or scholastic accomplishment. Most of the undergraduate students showed concerns regarding self-image, they get distressed due to physical appearance, further, their physical appearance also interfere in getting education and performing daily tasks. It is also observed that students who are satisfied with their self-image obtained higher grades as compare to their counterparts. Students found to be involve in watching TV as well as reading beauty magazine which also influence their cognitive powers and hence change their self-regard. Conclusion: Understanding of connections between a positive self-perception and academic achievement can influence programs that are offered at college and universities. This study could be useful to academic wellbeing instructors, faculty and student affairs professionals involved in students counseling and motivations. Further research is needed to explore the link between academic success and lack of society`s concern regarding idea about beauty in reality

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Diagnosis of complicated grief using the texas revised inventory of grief, brazilian portuguese version

Author(s): T. M. Alves,M. C. Oliveira,Neto F. Lotufo / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

Background: Complicated grief is characterized by persistent yearning for the deceased, intense sorrow and emotional pain in response to death causing significant distress. Complicated grief is often under recognized and undertreated. The Texas Revised Inventory of Grief (TRIG) is a questionnaire that has been demonstrated to have high validity and reliability in the assessment of grief. Our objective was to translate, adapt, and validate the TRIG to Brazilian Portuguese and to verify whether the TRIG, in a bereaved population, is able to distinguish between those with and those without complicated grief and to identify which elements in the scale contribute to this. Methods: Two stages: a) cross-culture adaptation of a questionnaire, and b) cross-sectional study of reliability and validity. Setting and Participants: 165 adult patients were recruited from a) the Grief Outpatient Clinic at the Department and Institute of Psychiatry - University of São Paulo, b) private practice at the same department, and c) co-workers who have lost a loved one. All the patients were interviewed with the TRIG. According to clinical criteria69 of 165 bereaved patients were presenting complicated grief. Results: Cross-culture adaptation: the TRIG was translated from American English, then back-translated and finally compared with the Brazilian Portuguese version by two bilingual psychiatrists. Reliability: the Cronbach’s alpha coefficients (internal consistency) of the TRIG scales were 0,735 (part I) and 0,896 (part II). Sensitivity, specificity as well as cutoff points to identify complicated and non-complicated grief, were measured using the ROC curve. Using the total score of 104 (part I + part II + Part III + psychographics variables), we can correctly classify 71.3% of individuals with and without complicated grief. The construct validity was assessed by factor analysis and confirmatory analysis. Furthermore, by logistic regression, our study demonstrated that a low education level, age of the deceased and age of the bereaved, loss of a son or daughter, and unexpected death were all risk factors for complicated grief. Our results also suggest that religion may influence complicated grief. Conclusion: The TRIG adapted to Brazilian Portuguese is as reliable and valid as the original version. In the evaluation of Brazilian bereaved, it was able to distinguish individuals with and without complicated grief. And, we suggest a cut-off value of 104 for complicated grief.

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Effects of five-minute mindfulness meditation on mental health care professionals

Author(s): Amy G. Lam,Sean Sterling,Edward Margines / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2015

This study aimed to examine the use of five-minute mindfulness meditation to reduce the stress level, in terms of perception of stress in one’s life, and to increase the mindfulness level, in terms of the level of attentiveness to the present moment purposefully and without judgment, among mental health care professionals for seven consecutive days. In addition, the correlation between mindfulness level and stress level was examined. This quantitative research study utilized a pre- and post-test quasi-experimental design using Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory to measure mindfulness level and Perceived Stress Scale to measure stress level. 61 participants, who were active mental health care professionals at The Chicago School located in Chicago, IL, Irvine, CA and Los Angeles, CA, received seven days of five-minute mindfulness meditation exercise via the internet between November 2013 and January 2014. The medians from the pre- and post-tests of the intervention group showed a significant reduction (p < .001) in stress level, while there was not a significant difference (p < .105) in mindfulness level. There was a significant inverse correlation (p < .01) between mindfulness and stress. The results of this study suggest that five-minute mindfulness meditation could be an effective method in decreasing stress in this mental health care professional sample.

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Relationship of emotional intelligence and stress in undergraduate medical students

Author(s): Yasien Yasien,Tabassum Alvi,Washdev Washdev / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2016

Objective: Medical education is considered as highly stressful. The role of emotional intelligence in managing stress and in better adjustment is well-recognised. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association of emotional intelligence and its subcomponents with stress in undergraduate medical students. Method: Total sample consisted on 238 undergraduate medical students including 73 males, and 165 females. Demographic form, the scale of emotional intelligence and perceived stress scale were administered to assess the study variables. Results: Linear regression analysis was computed. Level of stress was found to be higher among females than males. Moreover, results showed that subcomponents of EI including optimism (B= -257, p< .01), problem solving (B= -257, p< 01), flexibility (B= -273, p< 01) and interpersonal skills (B= -.127, p< 05) were found to be negatively correlated with stress. Conclusion: It can be concluded that medical student’s use of emotions intelligently helps towards off the stress. Study results pointed toward the need of incorporating the programs for enhancement of emotional intelligence to manage the stress in better way.

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Efficacy of group CBT Vs group information and support in relapse and recurrence of depression in adults

Author(s): Aleksandra Kelly,Tony Cassidy / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2016

This study aimed to analyse the rates and length of time to relapse and/or recurrence of depression in individuals who attended either Group CBT or Group Information and Support in an adult secondary mental health setting in Ireland. The present study centred on the analysis of previously collected data from groups running between 2005 and 2010 and on the retrospective file review. It formed part of a larger scale research study conducted by the Principal Clinical Psychologist evaluating the effectiveness of CBT for depression and bipolar disorder. The study was quantitative in nature and incorporated qualitative elements (i.e. Clients’ and Practitioners’ description of the severity of the depressive episodes) which were converted into quantifiable categories. Participants comprised of two groups: Treatment I (Group CBT) including participants who attended 8 or 12 sessions of manualised Group CBT and a comparison sample: Treatment II (Group Information and Support) comprised of participants who attended 12 sessions of group information and support. Based on survival analysis, no significant difference was found in effectiveness for Group CBT and Group Information and Support in preventing and/or decreasing the number and the length of time to relapse and/or recurrence of depression in this client group. Findings, clinical implications, methodological limitations and future research directions were also discussed.

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Empathy in Literature: Deconstruction of Narrative Empathy in Josip Novakovich’s April Fool’s Day

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Empathy in Literature: Deconstruction of Narrative Empathy in Josip Novakovich’s April Fool’s Day

Author(s): Nina Sirković / Language(s): English Issue: 29/2024

The paper deals with the phenomenon of empathy as a means usedby writers, especially in character formation and establishing the relationshipwith the reader. Firstly, the concept of empathy is considered from apsychological point of view (definitions and types), and the term narrativeempathy is introduced. Then follows the analysis of techniques that JosipNovakovich uses to establish narrative empathy between the narrator and thereader regarding his character Ivan Dolinar from the novel April Fool's Day.The author uses explicit and implicit presentation of emotional cues totransfer emotions to the reader. Also, within the text, a two-way line offorming empathy is suggested: the reader is targeted both by the narrator’sside towards the character and by the relationship of the main character withother characters in the novel. The question of empathetic and ethical aspectsof a literary text is also raised, as well as the place of narrative empathy inestablishing a link between empathy and altruism in general.

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STUDY THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE COGNITIVE ASPECT OF THEORY OF MIND AND UNDERSTANDING IN ORAL LANGUAGE IN ALZHEIMER'S PATIENTS DURING THE MIDDLE STAGE OF THE DISEASE

Author(s): Saadia Mohammed Bouchnak,Amin Djenan / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The ability to infer internal mental states through the behavior is related to the understanding of implicit language statements in interactive situations where the speaker’s intention is public. This study looked at that relationship by answering whether this association persists during aging and after Alzheimer’s. Apply some of the terms of the Theory of mind (Toma) battery and the Oral Language (OLTA) battery designed for the adult. A group of 5 individuals with Alzheimer's disease during the middle stage. The results found that the impact relationship is not limited to the group of individuals below the age of maturity, but continues into old age. it would explain the nature of language and cognitive disorders in understanding metaphors such as folk proverbs and the attribution of mental states either through behavior or through language in intermediate Alzheimer’s patients.

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FENOMENOLOGIJA PSIHOPATIJE: RASPRAVA O KVALITATIVNIM RAZLIKAMA IZMEĐU PSIHOPATSKIH I NEPSIHOPATSKIH LIČNOSTI

Author(s): Dragana Mihailović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2024

The approach to psychopathy in this paper is from the phenomenological perspective – the character of the subjective experience of the primary type of psychopathy is explored. Bearing in mind the dimensionality of psychopathy, this approach corresponds to the prototypical or typical cases presented in the prominent studies on this phenomenon and is relevant to the basic intention of our research – questioning the thesis that there are no qualitative differences between psychopaths and non-psychopaths. Based on the basic patterns of experience, interpersonal aspects and personality functioning, the arguments presented in this paper support the claim that there are qualitative differences between psychopaths and other people. From this phenomenological-existential perspective, psychopathy is seen as a modified way of being-in-the-world among people, not with them, i.e. the existence of diminished existential possibilities due to inhibited key human capacities, which differ from those universally human in the fundamental aspects of human existence.

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Josip Bošnjaković, Sanda Smoljo-Dobrovoljski - Bogatstvo suosjećanja

Author(s): S. Silvana Fužinato / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2024

Review of: Josip Bošnjaković, Sanda Smoljo-Dobrovoljski - Bogatstvo suosjećanja. Kršćanska sadašnjost, Katolički bogoslovni fakultet u Đakovu, Hrvatsko katoličko sveučilište, Zagreb – Đakovo, 2023., 443 str.

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Mental health issues, needs, and challenges faced by children and adolescents during public health emergencies: a study based on the perspective of educators

Author(s): Renata Glavak Tkalić,Marina Kotrla Topić / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

Public health emergencies, including catastrophic events such as pandemics and natural disasters, as well as the rise of diseases caused by high-threat pathogens result in specific and often critically threatening situations (WHO, 2023). This study aimed to examine the perception of educators (e.g., teachers and trainers) in Croatia regarding the mental health issues, needs, and challenges faced by children and adolescents during public health emergencies, as well as the risk and protective factors associated with mental health issues. Data was collected using two focus groups that included a total of 12 educators (e.g., teachers, sports trainers, kindergarten teachers, and so on) who work with children and adolescents. The results were analysed using thematic analyses and showed that the symptoms observed most often in children were fear, anxiety, depression, eating disorders, sleep problems, behavioural problems, and concentration problems. Educators also provided insights into the broader context in which these symptoms were evident and highlighted their personal need for additional support and education. Furthermore, they listed various protective and risk factors that, in their opinion, could influence the coping abilities of children faced with a crisis. These findings are important for the creation of programmes that aim to protect the mental health of children during and after public emergencies, as well as to train those working with children in order to help them recognise the needs of children and adolescents and find ways of providing help.

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„To što ona ne visi s lustera i ne trči po razredu, ne znači da nema ADHD“: Iskustvo svakodnevice majki djevojčica s ADHD-om

Author(s): Dorotea Čevizović,Andreja Bartolac / Language(s): English,Croatian Issue: 1/2024

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterised by difficulties in cognitive, emotional, and behavioural self-regulation. Boys are more frequently diagnosed with ADHD than girls. Due to the lack of research on the specific symptomatology that occurs in girls with ADHD and their everyday experiences, a semi-structured interview was conducted with six mothers of girls with ADHD. The thematic analysis of the transcript generated five main themes: 1. “Invisible” girls with ADHD, symptomatology, and late diagnosis: “The fact that she does not hang from the chandelier and does not run around the class does not mean that she does not have ADHD”; 2. Organisation of everyday family life: “One day is too short for us, time flies too quickly”; 3. Experience of schooling a girl with ADHD: “The whole family dynamic revolves around school”; 4. Attitudes of society, professionals, and systems: “Unfortunately, there is no support for girls with ADHD”; 5. Personal experiences of motherhood: “I sense how much I wore myself out in certain situations of that life path of ours”. The results of our analysis indicate that girls are diagnosed with ADHD much later, even though characteristics symptoms are present and significantly affect their everyday life. Similar to boys with ADHD, the symptoms observed in girls are most pronounced in school-related activities and daily occupations that involve executive functions. There is a lack of systematic and socialsupport for girls with ADHD and their mothers. The mothers who participated in the interviews emphasised the need for more sensitivity and understanding among professionals and the society regarding the fact that ADHD does not occur only in boys and that it is not defined only by hyperactivity.

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Ulrich Dreisilker, Enthesiopathies II: Radial Shockwave Treatment of Tendinopathies (Level 10)

Author(s): Tjaša Berčič / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

Review of: Enthesiopathies II: Radial Shockwave Treatment of Tendinopathies (Level 10) Author/Editor: Ulrich Dreisilker Published in Germany, 2015, 1st Edition (Vol. 2), 188 p.

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Roditeljske atribucije uzroka djetetovog razvojnog jezičnog poremećaja i njihov odnos s mentalnim zdravljem roditelja

Author(s): Matea Kramarić / Language(s): English,Croatian Issue: 2/2024

Previous studies have found that causal attributions, i.e., inferences people make about causes of an outcome (Hewstone & Fincham, 2001), are related to parents’ adjustment to their children’s illness or developmental disorders, but these results are inconsistent. The present study had two aims: 1) to describe the causes that parents attribute to their child’s developmental language disorder (DLD) and how they rate these causes on the dimensions of locus, personal controllability, and stability, and 2) to examine the relationship between causal attributions for the child’s DLD and parents’ mental health, as well as to determine whether these relationships differ as a function of time since diagnosis. Participants included 319 biological parents (94.2% mothers, mean age M = 39.71 years, SD = 5.09) whose children had been diagnosed with DLD as their primary diagnosis. They completed an online questionnaire consisting of demographic questions, the Revised Causal Dimensions Scale (CDS-II; McAuley et al., 1992), and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21; Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995). The results showed that the parents mostly attributed their child’s DLD to genetic factors, as well as various prenatal and perinatal risk factors. In all categories, participants rated the locus of the cause as external, on average. Screen exposure, as well as inadequate language input and parental reactions were rated as the most personally controllable causes, while genetic factors were considered as the most stable causes. Using structural equation modelling, significant effects of perceived locus and personal controllability of the cause on parents’ negative emotional states were observed only at lower levels of time since the child’s diagnosis: locus had a negative effect and personal controllability had a positive effect on parental emotional states. A positive effect was found for the perceived stability of the cause of the child’s disorder, which was also significant at higher levels of time since the child’s diagnosis. The theoretical and practical implications of the results were discussed.

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Sindrom sagorijevanja kod studenata nastavničkih studija u STEM područjima

Author(s): Branimir Čorić,Anna Alajbeg / Language(s): English,Croatian Issue: 2/2024

The aim of the study was to investigate the occurrence of burnout syndrome in student teachers in STEM subjects at the Faculty of Science in Split. The study sample consisted of 85 students from different teacher education programmes, of which 59 were female and 26 male. The research instrument used was a questionnaire containing the Maslach Burnout Inventory - Student Survey (MBI-SS) scale, which uses 16 items to examine the occurrence of burnout syndrome in students. A high level of burnout was observed in 25% of the respondents on the Emotional Exhaustion subscale, as well as in 19% of the respondents on the Cynicism subscale and in 27% of the respondents on the Academic Self-Efficacy subscale. Statistical analysis showed that there were no significant differences in the occurrence of burnout in relation to gender and type of study, while for certain items, there was a statistically significant difference in relation to the year of study. Considering the Academic Self-Efficacy subscale, statistically significant differences were observed between the biology-chemistry and computer science, as well as biologychemistry and computer science-technics degree programmes. The study found that student teachers at the Faculty of Science in Split have a moderate level of burnout, indicating the need to introduce preventive programmes to improve the psychological well-being of these students to better equip them for their future careers in the teaching profession.

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