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The course of training in philosophy has been opened in 1992–93 year. Now it has full term accreditation for 6 years and it is on the 2th place in the national ranking of specialties. 14 young doctors in Philosophy graduated in Veliko Turnovo. Our Faculty has been accepted as national and international center of philosophical researches and education.
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The article is an invitation to discuss the role and tasks of the psychologist in the modern school. It advances the thesis that the primary role of the psychologist is to co-create the school environment and the educational process. Being a co-creator is the essence of the presented model of the psychologist’s work in the school system. The model covers psychological activities defined as monitoring promotion prevention, and intervention. It identifies the need to continually expand the possibilities of psychological influences and to create an autonomous vision of their realization. Adopting and performing this role in the way described in the model seems to be crucial to building the professional identity of the educational psychologist—and a well-defined and clarified professional identity is the basic regulator of a person’s functioning in his/her professional role.
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Virginia Satir (1916-1988) was one of the pioneers in developing her own approach to working with families and emphasizing the importance of communication patterns in family therapy. According to her, problematic people form a personality type by moving away from their real identity in the family and taking on different communication patterns such as “accusing”, “calming”, “distracting attention” and “calculating”. Satir firstly created the “Family Sculpture and updated the problem of the family and then focused on the change. She brought the man and woman (parents) to face the landscape and updated the events. Thus, the events in the family were identified, photographs were taken, put in front of individuals, social problems (illnesses) were identified and the family faced with its problems. Then, she focused on change and helped to maintain the family balance. She conceptualized the “Family Map”, “Family Chronology” and “Family Sculpture” for the diagnosis of the problem. She conceptualized what is happening as “Updating”. Then she used the concepts of “Communication Games”, “Talk and Look” and “Touch” for change.
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Andrew Scull: A hisztéria felkavaró története. Holnap Kiadó, Budapest, 2013. 190 oldal.
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It is suggested to link Antoni Kępiński to the vicinity of the so-called Anthropological Psychiatry. This hypothesis is supported by his criticism of psychiatric objectivity, his personally committed style of psychotherapy and his assumption that mental sanity and illness is based on a constitutive value-based condition according to the model of information metabolism. This paper examines the most important criteria of his psychiatric work and research in contrast to Humanistic Psychology. The provisional conclusion that Kępiński and Anthropological Psychiatry are in accordance cannot be fully justified. However, with a broader concept of anthropological psychiatry it is possible to integrate Kępiński's views.
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Antoni Kępiński remains an often read and quoted author even 40 years after his premature death. Usually he is read in the context of his times and his connections with contemporary philosophy. This paper aims to show other aspects of his reflections on psychiatry. His views on the position of psychiatry within medicine, its methods, psychophysical problems, and other issues are compared with current knowledge and current thought paradigms. The goal is to show that while Kępiński was obviously functioning within a different scientific and philosophical paradigm many of his ideas and reflections can still be found within current debates. The important conclusion is to not hold on to the views that Kępiński held himself because he did not know as much as we do, but to see the importance of the debates that he foresaw even then and possibly learn something from his extensive clinical experience.
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A Literature Review
Anxiety is one of the most complex nervous disorders affecting adolescents. Half of the studies on anxiety concern anxiety in adolescents. The review of articles on anxiety shows that most studies forms of anxiety disorders are social anxiety and generalised anxiety disorders associated, most often with the use of the Internet, in general, and the use of social networking sites and of Facebook, in particular. Anxiety in adolescents was studied mainly by North American and European researchers, but Asian, African and Australian researchers also contributed to this field.
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In this paper, I investigate Aristotle’s psychological conception of meaning. I will show that in Aristotle’s De interpretatione we can find a conception of meaning that enables a response to typical objections such psychological accounts are facing with. According to my interpretation, it is required that thoughts are significata of our terms rather than mental images. Mental images could occur as subjective features of a particular mind in particular portion of time, whereas thoughts as an isomorphic likeness of the universal and necessary aspect of extramental reality provide ground for intersubjectivity required for an adequate account of meaning. In my interpretation, however reference is not fixed via likening relation because a mental content of nonreferring terms is also provided via likening relation between thought and two or many extramental things.
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U današnjem postmodernom i postmetafi zičkom vremenu govor o umiranju i smrti, a s njime nužno povezan govor onda i o trpljenju i patnji, ne samo da je nepoželjan i neprimjeren, nego ga se nastoji pod svaku cijenu izbrisati i iz čovjekove misli i govora, iako je smrt sastavni, svakodnevni dio naše svakodnevnice, i ona se događa na svakom koraku, do te mjere da mediji zabilježe i prenesu svaku nesreću bilo kojeg oblika u kojoj se dogodila smrt. Čovjek znanstveno-tehničke civilizacije ježi se od pomisli na smrt i svaki govor o njoj nastoji eliminirati iz svog svakodnevnog življenja. Dok je srednjovjekovni čovjek, pa i onaj renesanse i humanizma usmjeravao svoj život prema načelu ars vivendi kao ars moriendi, i onda u trenutku smrti doživio ars moriendi kao ars vivendi, čovjek 19. i 20. st. više ne prakticira ovu dijalektičku napetost između umijeća življenja i umiranja. Znatan doprinos promijeni ove svijesti i mentaliteta donijela su otkrića i spoznaje prirodnih i tehničkih znanosti, koje su napredovale nezaustavljivim tijekom od 19. st. pa sve do danas. One su obećavale čovječanstvu spasenje i oslobođenje od svih prirodnih ograničenja, materijalni napredak i odgovore na sva pitanja koja su mučila čovječanstvo od postanka. Svojim lažnim sekularnim soteriologijama i eshatologijama osiromašile su čovjekov tubitak i izbacili ga na još veću moralno-etičku pustoš čijoj se krizi ne nazire kraj. U takvoj ispražnjenoj duhovnoj situaciji na poimanje smrti i završetka ljudskog života gleda se na nešto zastrašujuće i utonuće u apsolutno ništavilo. Zato je bolje za današnjeg čovjeka o fenomenu smrti i ne razmišljati prema staroj antičkoj rečenici fi lozofa Epikura: “Smrt, to najstrašnije zlo, nema nikakvog posla s nama; jer dok mi postojimo, smrti nema, a kad ona stigne, onda nas više nema. Tako, dakle, smrt ništa ne znači ni za žive ni za mrtve, jer se živih ne tiče, a mrtvi više ne postoje”.
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Our work is based on a common sense observation of the relational difficulties betweenparents and teenagers, trying to place emphasis on their perspective on the familyenvironment. The psycho-social investigation followed the analysis of student opinionregarding the quality of the family environment as a whole, as well as on the following levels:the frequency and quality of communication, manifestation of affection, mutual gratificationand encouragement, giving the right to an opinion and the exercising of autonomy. A deeperknowledge of the problems which could influence adolescent behaviour could serve as astarting point for practical attempts at educational counselling.
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This article is based on an analysis of Soviet patients’ complaints stored in the archive of Soviet Lithuania’s Ministry of Health Care. The analysis of patients’ complaints aims at interpreting the self-perception of mentally ill persons in Soviet psychiatric hospitals. The complaints are interpreted as a part of public communication that could help us to understand the process of social identification, that is, how a subject represents himself to others and how he defines himself by the social categories. The most significant discourses in the context of Soviet psychiatry are brought out. These discourses had formed the components and sub-components of the perception of the self: the self as a Soviet citizen, as an object of medicine, as a patient, and as mentally ill. The analysis shows how the subjects used the vocabulary of a particular discourse, and in the situations of the conflicts did not reject a discourse but were searching for a way to rationalize their experience. At the same time it is important to emphasize the expectations which these discourses form. These expectations, if not fulfilled, generated the dissatisfaction by which it became possible to recognize the subject as a self defining her/himself, reflecting her/his situation, and seeking to change it. In this way probably for the first time in the history of modern Lithuania it became possible to hear the voices of the patients of psychiatric hospitals who defended their own subjectivity, although they found themselves in the captivity of so-called truth regimes.
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Béla Julesz (1928–2003), known for his work in depth perception and pattern recognition, was an inspirational master to a whole generation of neuroscientists. He developed new techniques (involving computer-generated random-dot stereograms, cinematograms, and textures) that led to a new field of perceptual research called “early vision”. Julesz often emphasized the importance of “scientific bilingualism” in the creative process.
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K psychoterapii v Československu po roce 1968
The study opens the topic of the functioning of the expert environment of psychicdisciplines (psychiatry, psychology, psychotherapy, etc.) in socialist Czechoslovakia;not in the sense of their intradisciplinary evolution, but rather with a view to transformations of their social and cultural function and relationship to political powers-that-be. The authoress monitors the professional community of psychotherapists since the 1960s, its semi-official institutional and educational platforms, promotion of psychotherapy in the socialist system of medical care, relation of psychotherapy to other psychic disciplines, and communication with professional trends in the West. She focuses mainly on the first educational psychotherapeutic system in Czechoslovakia known as SUR (it is an acronym consisting of the initials of its three founders – Jaroslav Skála, Edmund Urban and Jaromír Rubeš), which was in use since 1967 and which some 2,000 participants passed through by theend of the 1980s. It was characterized by a self-experience training principle, with therapists applying the same methods and regimes to themselves as to patients. Since 1989, the discipline has experienced a tremendous boom and psychotherapeutic approaches to interpersonal relations and to the “ego” have become not just an “in” thing and a good business, but also a deeper part of everyday life. The authoress confronts the transformation with literature dedicated to the so-called psychotherapization of society in Western Europe. She concludes that analyses of psychic disciplines as tools of expert rule (Nikolas Rose), which were inspired by Michel Foucault, while potentially tempting as an interpretation tool of the periodof neo-liberal dominance in the Czech Lands, ignore the specific historical context ofthe subversive nature of psychotherapy during the period of late socialism, utilization of resources of the socialist medical care system, and their failure after 1989.
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The review of: -„Cognitive Neuroscience: The biology of the mind (International student edition) (4th ed.)“ by Michael S. Gazzaniga, Richard B. Ivry and George R. Mangun; New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company, 2013, 752 pp. ISBN: 978-0-3939-2228-8 -„The Neurobiology of Addiction“ by Trevor W. Robbins, Barry J. Everitt and David J. Nutt; Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2010, 318 pp. ISBN: 978-0-1995-6215-2
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In this paper entitled BULLYING in schools - Activities through which teachers can prevent Bullying at school, we propose to present a worrying reality of our day by proposing some preventive ways that could come in support of a worrying phenomenon, which has increased in size in schools in Romania. We consider that the teaching staff also plays an important role in trying to stop this phenomenon, by implementing some active-participatory activities in the classroom, activities that we intend to highlight in this paper.
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An intimate relationship of Hermann Hesse to analytical psychology, based on his personal contact with C. G. Jung and his disciple J. B. Lang, belongs to the well-known topics from the history both of literature and of psychotherapy of the past century. The foregoing studies were, however, writte in the time when Jung´s pivotal work, The Red Book, was not available to the public. The Book was written as a medieval manuscript where an important role is played not only by words but also by pictures which were painted by Jung himself. In this article I deal with the question how far it is possible to use Hesse´s texts, especially his novel Demian, for better understanding of Jung´s ideas, in particular his approach to images in the framework of the therapeutic process at the time when The Red Book was written. Besides, I will analyze the hypothetical pictorial sources which could have been used by Jung when writing The Red Book. These sources could have been the works of the Beuron school which could be known to Jung either from his own experience or from photos and postcards. The extensive visual culture of the time of the “print capitalism” could supply the visual inspiration both to Jung, and to Hesse.
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My aim in this paper is to argue that C. Rădulescu-Motru was in his book Puterea sufletească [The Power of Soul] very close to the positivist approach of psychology. I support the thesis that Motru not only had a good understanding of the project developed by Comte and Mill, but he also tried to use and integrate creatively, especially Mill’s ideas, into his own approach. Moreover, I propose the historical interpretation that Motru didn’t leave his own initial positivist methodological framework, but he tried to develop it inside the more complex vision of a methodological pluralism.
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Lumbar spinal stenosis is a common disorder in middle-aged and elderly patients that results from narrowing of the neural canal and foramina, from congenital or degenerative causes. This narrowing leads to co-compression of the lumbosacral nerve root.Most patients with symptomatic lumbar stenosis have intermittent neurogenic claudication with decreased risk. However, although the physical findings and clinical symptoms of lumbar stenosis are not acute, radiographic findings are relatively severe. Magnetic resonance imaging is a non-invasive and good method for the evaluation of lumbar stenosis. Although there are very few studies that refer to the natural progression of lumbar stenosis, its symptoms respond favorably to nonoperative management. In patients who do not respond to non-operative treatment, surgical treatments, such as decompression or decompression with spinal fusion, are required.
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The article reveals the content, methods and results of the study of the formation of readiness to future border guard officers to apply risk analysis methods. The essence of readiness for application of methods of risk analysis in operational and service activity, criteria and indicators are defined, levels and state of the formation are characterized. For effective formation of readiness of future frontier officers to apply risk analysis methods, pedagogical conditions have been substantiated and tested experimentally. Based on the research results, methodological recommendations have been developed for cadets, scientific and pedagogical staff
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This paper focuses on a specific type of archival material from the first psychiatric institution in Croatia, the Stenjevec Royal National Institute for the Insane in Zagreb, today the Vrapče University Psychiatric Hospital, dating from the period from its foundation in 1879 until 1900. More specifically, it focuses on patient narratives featuring fantastical beings, i.e., narrations about their life relying on the genre of belief legends. Based on this material, which is considered to be an important albeit atypical folkloristic corpus, the paper analyzes and interprets the status and functions of the genre of belief legends (more specifically, the memorate) in daily life narratives, personal stories and in coding affects (primarily fear). The role of belief legends is examined not only from the perspective of oral tradition and literature, but also in terms of their social and psychological position, and through the lens of psychiatric discourse of the time, which recognizes such narratives merely as symptoms of madness, translating and coding them as the language of abnormality and psychopathology.
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