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The concept of “unblemished character” is the basic criterion by means of which the Polish legislator verifies ethical competence of judges. The Author explores what is needed in democratic state of law: judges – not only with good character, but also with ability to answer the question of what is good (ethical). A noble and wise judge can improve a flawed law in hard cases. The article demonstrates that an ability of scrutinising opposing positions and values is a necessary feature of a judge. The Author contemplates the issue of “moral virtue” as a legal basis for the education of judges towards an ability to find the golden mean despite contradictory arguments.
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This article presents a new conceptualization of a healthy attitude towards oneself based on Western psychology. The construct under discussion of self-regard refers to an open, sensitive and understanding attitude towards ones own suffering, limitations and difficult emotions. The first part of the article is a review of international research on self-regard. The article then presents the results of research conducted on 72 married couples, which measured the level of concern for well-being and mental health, self-esteem, satisfaction with various aspects of life, length of marriage, gender, et al.
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The paper deals with a typology, trends and buying behavior in a segment of digital consumer. In the introductory chapter we present digital consumer where we rely on the results of foreign research in which six changes are described. It is: equipment, communication, content, social media, video and retail. It further describes typology of digital consumers. In this paper we also address buying behavior and its specifications. In a conclusion the current trends of digital consumer are interpreted. The aim of this paper isto present the topic, highlight its actuality and the importance of understanding the digital consumer.
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Statistical analyses in a vast majority of psychological research are based on null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) – a several-step procedure which is considered an invalid mixture of two incompatible approaches – one of Fisher, the other of Neyman–Pearson. Despite that many advocates abandoning NHST, a lot of researchers, psychologists among them, still use this flawed routine. The article presents ideas, which NHST is based on, and also controversies around its most famous construct, p-value. It also discusses objections against p-value (e.g., dependence on sample size) and ways of interpreting it (e.g., conditional probability). The main task of the article is to present the basic concepts of NHST in an understandable manner for Polish social science researchers.
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The aim of the paper is to present an analysis of the relationship between explicit and implicit materialism, self-esteem, and readiness for self-improvement in teenagers. We carried out two studies. In the first one, we examined what object and activity categories are linked to teenage happiness and how the category of happiness associated with possessing things is linked to materialistic teenage attitudes. The second study looked into the associations of implicit materialism with implicit materialism, self-esteem, and readiness for self-improvement. The obtained results showed that (a) five categories of teenage happiness can be distinguished: people and animals, interests, sport, achievements, material possessions and money; (b) as initially assumed, implicit materialism is positively linked to explicit materialism and negatively linked to both self-esteem (Study 2) and readiness for self-improvement (Studies 1 and 2). However, no significant relationship was observed between explicit materialism and self-esteem or readiness for self-improvement.
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The paper presents the theoretical and methodological assumptions of akmeology - the science of human development. Sources of this discipline, which originates the Russian psychology and pedagogy are also shown. The content of the concept akme was discussed, as well as the ability to use it in the study of the development process (including professional). The akmeology place in the system of sciences of human development has been marked. The factors and conditions for achieve a state of akme - the high point of of human development have been analyzed, detailing professional development.
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In this article the author deals with the matter of the role of a social worker in the process of help hospice patients and their families. Patients who require hospice palliative care require comprehensive help and work of many people. In its whole, there are social workers who solve many problems of the patient and his environment – in home hospice and palliative care for adults, children and stationary care. The participation of the social worker in the hospice activity is an expression of the medicine humanization. The person who carries out such work is required to have expertise knowledge in various fields of science – sociology, psychology, pedagogy, the foundations of law and medicine. The author recalls in an article the fact, that the social worker must be social and legal expert as well as social therapist.
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The review of: -Az orvos, a betege és a betegség (The Doctor, His Patient and the Illness) by Mihály Bálint; Lucy Liebermann’s translation revised by Sándor Biró, Budapest, MPT Animula Association, 1990, 262 pp. -Egyéni dinamikus pszichoterápia (Individual Psychotherapy and the Science of Psychodynamics) by David H. Maian; Translated by Tihamér Bakó et al., Budapest, 1989, 263 pp. -Pszichoterápiás esettanulmányok (Psychotherapeutic Case Studies); Budapest, MPT Animula Association, 1990, 210 pp.
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The essay consists of a series of examples of parody, and of statements regarding the nature and functions of parody. One is allowed to wonder if the form of the essay parodies obsessive-compulsive thought. Parody is taken to be a form of irony within the verbal, visual, and acoustical arts. As well, the claim is made that it is often unwittingly manifested in personal behavior, and in theories of human nature upon which forms of utopian thought and social engineering are based. Examples are drawn from film, painting, literature and literary criticism, psychotherapy, teaching, the writing of history, social engineering, and jokes. Parody is taken to be a major means for combating the corruption of consciousness in both its personal and communal forms.
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The article presents the results of diagnostic research of opinions of school coordinators of health promotion about their function. The research was conducted with the use of a Polish version of the National Questionnaire on SPHE and Health Promoting Schools in 2015 in schools which hold a Health Promoting School National Certificate. The research covered the process of selecting a teacher to hold a function of a coordinator of health promotion, their expertise and subjective reflections on their function. Conclusions from theresearch included recommendations concerning selection of adequate persons to hold this function and their training.
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The current debate on family is subject to rapid social changes which have had colossal negative impact on economy itself and on the economy of entire countries. The purpose of social and family life is not to bound, but to develop the human being. Thoughts about the future of the family are associated with education in the very sense that is pointed out by human experience. It can be said that Aristotle’s legacy is as follows: for subject, it is necessary to reflect pro futuro basic demand of to be “together with others,” to act “with others” and, on which depends realization and completion of the subject’s being.
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This article presents the importance of the quality of life assessment in speech and language therapy when working with aphasic persons. The terms aphasia and quality of life are defined and the quality of life assessment in aphasia is presented. Nottingham Health Profile is described and used in order to prove the importance of quality life assessment as objective indicator for speech and language therapy relevance in aphasic persons. A case study of a 42 year old female diagnosed with aphasia is presented using Nottingham Health Profile results before intervention and six months after speech and language intervention. The conclusion reveals the importance of including different objectives related to the quality of life in speech and language therapy.
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his paper focuses on the importance of early intervention as far as language development for children with Down syndrome. Children with Down syndrome have a delay in the development of communication abilities because of the sensory, perceptual, physical and cognitive issues they face and which affect their development path.The anatomical and physiologic characteristics frequently met among children with Down syndrome are represented by differences of the muscles and facial structure, which lead to language disorders such as: hypotonia, poor lips, tongue and oral cavity coordination. The physical features of these children (tongue protusion, predominantly oral breathing, irregular dentition, ogival palate) highlight difficulties for small and precise movements of the mouth which limits tongue movements when speaking. The problems mentioned above affect the children’s intelligibility of speech for with Down syndrome in the following areas: articulation, rhythm and fluency, resonance, phonation.This paper proposes an approach which focuses on the development of the suprasegmental aspects of speech, the development of immediate imitation abilities, the development of focused attention, establishing eye contact, the development of phonoarticulation using orofacial stimulation (the Morales technique and using special instruments – Sensory Therapy instruments, Z-vibe – an instrument with vibrations).
More...Pastoral Care, Pastoral Counseling
The care of souls or“pastoral care goes back to ancient times, it is found in all faith traditions and cultures and it usually refers to the emotional and spiritual care given to individuals in need. In the more recent times, along with the development of medicine, psychology and other disciplines of social sciences different types of helping relationships have emerged. The resulting split between the psychological/scientific and theological/religious approach to the care of mind and spirit has gradually shifted towards attempts at integration: in the religious sphere pastors, care givers began to integrate in their ministry the knowledge and expertise accumulated by social sciences, whereas psychology and psychotherapy are opening up to the spiritual dimension of care. Besides the possibilities, the integration of psychology and spirituality also poses numerous challenges, especially in the context of postmodernism and constructivism. The present article explores the model of pastoral integration, which makes it possible to look at different types of psychological help as pastoral: pastoral care, pastoral counseling, pastoral psychotherapy. In the pastoral approach presented here, integration happens in the person of the helper; consequently it has important implications for the training programs for pastoral counselors. This approach has been implemented in the Ecumenical Interdisciplinary, and Integrating Specialization Program in Pastoral Counseling at the Institute of Mental Health of Semmelweis University in Budapest, Hungary.
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The current study was carried out to investigate the communication of mother and child for the mothers having a child at the age group of 4-6 and participating in the mother education program. The working group of the study was made up of 40 mothers, 20 in test group and 20 in control group, having a child at the age group of 4-6. As the data collection tool, General Information Form and ‘Parent Child Communication Evaluation Tool’ were used. The mothers in the test group participated in the education program of “4-6 Year Old Child Education and Activities”. Those in the control group did not attend to any education program. The data was analysed with student t test and t test in paired groups. At the end of the study, it was found that PCCET post test scores of the test group at the sub- dimensions of speaking, listening, messaging, non-verbal communication and empathy were significantly higher compared to pre-test scores (p<0.05) It was also found that Mother Education program had a positive effect on the communications of mothers with their children.
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The paper seeks to construct a cultural cognitive model of normality, with the aim of showing how this cognitive category is perceived in present-day Serbian culture by a respondent group consisting of university or college graduates or students, aged between 24 and 37, who have watched A Serbian Movie. The hypothesis of the study was that the implications of the replies to the question of why the movie is entitled as it is, would connote a concept of the culturally abnormal, and would, in essence, represent an attempt on the part of respondents to formulate a cultural cognitive model of the society in which they live and the way that life in that society should be lived, the latter being an indirect conceptualization of what should be culturally normal.
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This article presents psychometric analysis of Polish version of Student Opinion Scale (SOS) by Donna Sundre (2007), which measures low-stakes assessment test motivation. Adjusting by motivation the results of cognitive tests, which do not bear personal consequences to examinee is necessary to make valid inferences about students’ achievement. The analysis was performed using data collected from random samples of students from three different age groups – at the end of primary school (N = 1551), lower secondary school (N = 1724) and upper secondary schools (N = 16 271). Although one-level CFA results show the best fit of two-factor solution (as proposed in original version of SOS), low correlation of SOS score with the result obtained in the cognitive tests shows that SOS validity can be questioned. As social desirability and response style can influence the results – they need to be purified. Further analysis of validity, e.g multitraitmultimethod matrix is also needed.
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One of the main goals to be achieved by the youth concerns their attempts to form one's own identity. The participation in an ambiguous and ambivalent space of the contemporary reality produces various experiences, in all of which they are tying to find some helpful clues for creating the personal "self". Technological development and an increasing role of the graphic forms of information transmission in the socio-cultural life oftentimes contribute to the employment of a generous and easily obtainable selection of motion pictures by the young. Those films tend to draw a spectator into the world of heroes who constantly succeed on the chosen path and continually fulfill their dreams. The main message being transmitted through many films towards the teenage receiver is simple: "you can be whoever you want to be – you just have to believe in yourself and start acting". That maxim makes the film characters' lifestyle highly desired by teenagers; the way of living displayed on the screen quite often becomes a source of their aspirations
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