Történettudományi műfaj-e a pszichobiográfia?
Kőváry Zoltán: Pszichobiográfia. Történet, elmélet, módszertan és alkalmazás. Oriold, Budapest, 2014. 260 oldal
More...We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
Kőváry Zoltán: Pszichobiográfia. Történet, elmélet, módszertan és alkalmazás. Oriold, Budapest, 2014. 260 oldal
More...
The new reformulation of McDonald’s (McDonald, 1969) method of factor analysis of a set of nominal variables has been suggested. The aim of this reformulation, derived in the same direction as the first two reformulations of method (Momirović, 1972; 1988), is to reveal what is the real meaning of latent structures obtained by this method, which problems arise when these structures undergo interpretation, and to clearly define an algorithm suitable for implementation in any procedural language, or meta-language for data analvsis. McDonald’s method is more similar toclassic factor modei than all other methods for finding latent dimensions in a set of nonnumerical data, have been suggested so far.
More...
In this article symbolic interactionism is chosen from the corps of current social, socio-psychological ethnomethodological and communicational theories and is analysed as particular research tradition. It refers specific human ability to define and interpreiate mutual action. The basic elements of symbolic construction of reality are: symbol meaning and expression, the definition of the situation, the interpretation of the action, the concepts of arrangement and role.
More...
Discussions on life style and quality of life, which in the last decade have become the leilmotive of socio-medical debates, presumes the following possibilities of choice: human, social, cultural and only then health and medical possibilities. As many times in its history, in medicine these possibilities are not regarded as problems. They are simply assumed or understood as such and are being operated as a given condition regardless of the social context and civilizational moment in which these syntagma appear as values.
More...
In this text the author has tried to present the contribution of our respectful neuropsychiatrist, philosopher and sociologist, Professor Petar Opalić, to the development of interdisciplinary scientific field of social pathology, on one hand, but before all else, the establishment of the scientific theme which has been present in Europe, as well as worldwide, for several decades – The Sociology of Mental Disorders (Psychiatric sociology).
More...
Zahvaljujući svedočenjima bivših zatočenika i naporima sve brojnijih pojedinaca i grupa koji se naročito od 1980-ih godina sve uspešnije zalažu za implementaciju demokratskih načela i ljudskih prava u Jugoslaviji, u javnosti se saznalo za veći broj osoba koje su zbog izražavanja svog mišljenja bile smeštene - po kazni - umesto u zatvor u psihijatrijske bolnice gde su ostajale obično više godina.
More...
Review of: ALEXANDER J. MATEJKO - K. E. Moyer. VIOLENCE AND AGRESSION. Physiological perspective. (New York: Paragon House Publishing, 1987, pp XV + 237. ISBN 0-943852-19-6)
More...
In this work, it is pointed, first of all, to the many-layeredness of the concept of alienation and the acceptance of its anthropological definition as the starting basis for a somewhat more detailed analysis of the socoipathological and psychopathological ideas, mainly of some well-known authors.
More...
The psychotherapeutic legacy of R. D. Laing and his new take on Scottish psychodynamic psychiatry, in whose heritage he practised – “the patients are like you and me” – are explored. His testimony of experience as a psychoanalyst and theoretician, within the field of so-called “anti-psychiatry”, “radical psychiatry” and “avanti-psychiatry”, with the anger and outrage expressed towards the impersonal nature of modern psychiatry, the malign influence of the pharmaceutical industry, the alienating character of modern university education, spanning from the mid 1960’s to late 1980’s, are critically elaborated. The focus of the New Politics of Experience on radical social thinking and interdisciplinary study is based on social phenomenological empirical research and the development of an integrative psychotherapeutic approach.
More...
The subject matter of the essay is the autonomy of art, which will be analysed from a Jungian perspective. What Jung had in mind with his notion of the independence of artistic process is its freedom from the conscious mind of an artist, rather than its independence from the current social, political or cultural conditions. Art, according to Jung, is autonomous if it comes from deeper levels of the human psyche, and that is unconsciousness. To test the validity of Jung’s “autonomous complex”, I will be checking the empirical reality of artistic creation, by providing professional artists’ accounts of the creative process. Also, I will challenge the categorically laid and deeply rooted idea of a close link between artistic talent and mental illness, trying to see if the artistic process can be independent of an artist’s psychological state. In Jung’s view, art happens instead of and not because of potential illness of an artist. Additionally, I am going to contrast his view with Freud’s, for whom an artwork is a sublimation of sexual drive or a product of neurosis. This idea was not acceptable to Jung, as he believed in the existence of not only sexual but also art complex. Finally, I will try to argue that Jung’s view is more accurate in the depiction of artistic process than Freud’s and that his emphasis on the autonomy in art, although radical, deserves more attention from scholars in philosophy and psychology of art.
More...
Despite the widely known Latin proverb, according to which about tastes it should not be discussed, concerning judgments of taste, we (at least most of us) do dispute. However, based on what? If someone disagrees with our judgment, judging differently than us, we seek arguments to try to convince them otherwise. But by which arguments? The paper dwells on the issues about what underlies the arguments we use to justify our judgments of taste and how reliable these arguments are. From eighteenth-century philosophy to contemporary philosophy of consciousness and mind, the aim here is to show that judgments of taste involve self-knowledge (especially, emotional self-knowledge) and that the question “how does it feel?”, at first glance simple, does not seem to be so easy to answer.
More...
The paper aesthetically examines the connection, that is inseparability between art and ‘madness’. Madness as a psychological and psychiatric term does not exist, and it is a social construct and a qualification that is often used to by the social majority to disqualify social minority or individuals who deviate from values majority cares about. In this paper, I interpret how art, in this sense given, is madness because to have an original artistic creation, it is necessary to have eccentricity that often leads to condemnation. Madness in art is considered in two primary ways. The first way is on the level of objectivistic aesthetics where madness is a theme or the object of artwork, and the second way is on the level of subjectivistic aesthetics where madness is the subject, i.e. the author of artwork. I will refer to many masterpieces from renown world artists who suffered from certain mental illnesses, from which they gained ever greater inspiration. I conclude that art in both objective and subjective terms is a necessary eccentricity inseparable from madness, which is thereby a presupposition for artwork.
More...
Multiple perspectives are applied in approaching the subject of psychological role the media plays in the processes of indoctrination of political and corporate ideologies in western societies. This paper provides a review of critical theory on the media, examining the way in which postmodern propaganda contributes to the formation of ‘the public’ and the institution of public relations. It is found that consumerist imperative, insisting on the negation of individuality, reproduces certain types of personalities, thus a modern day individual appears to be depersonalised and highly depended upon media, politicians, advertisers and relatively recent agents – influencers – for the construction of their reality. The paper examines how collective entities, made up from heterogeneous pluralist institutions, can become the core of social ‘pathos’. Paper attempts to deconstruct some aspects of the existing relationships between the economy, politics and media, and investigate the way in which propagandistic rhetoric can influence the psyche of individuals and communities.
More...
Knowledge can be acquired through the processes of listening or reading testimonies of other agents. How and, particular, to whom, one ascribes trustworthiness when listening or reading a testimony is of special interest in this paper, especially in terms of societal-epistemic deviations that appear in the form of epistemic injustice. Neurotypicals, individuals with typical neurological states and developmental pathways, perceive individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) as an aberration from neuro-normativity, unable to contribute on an equal basis to the pool of epistemic resources and shared meanings. The latter is related to the stereotypes of the unreliability of autistic persons’ testimonies about their own experiences and conditions. Given that atypical social and behavioural conditions autistics share are clinically classified as a disorder, the question of whether we can justify the failure to extend trust to the autistics arises.
More...
What is a belief? To answer this question, the reconstruction of belief-formation is attempted. It reveals the intertwining of two dimensions. At the upper end, there is the truth as the objective teleological goal of belief-formation. This goal is based upon a nested hierarchy of mutually supported sub-goals: objective evidence, transglobal reliability, one’s doxastic sensibility, and one’s all-in ultima facie doxastic seeming. The lower end of the hierarchy is subjective and deontic, whereas, in the middle, teleological and deontic elements intermingle. Belief-formation external or descriptive ingredients get disciplined through non-instrumental teleology and deontics. Teleology-deontics intertwining in belief-formation reveals that a belief shares several characteristics with genuine judgment: phenomenological basis, commitment, sensibility and responsibility. Teleology-deontics intertwining also characterises quasi-agentive account of intentionality. Belief, such as it is predominantly forthcoming in epistemology and ethics, provides a reduced version of the genuine judgment, so that it can comply with externalist and descriptivist agenda, doing away with teleology-deontics intertwining. Judgmental belief perspective is revived once as virtue epistemology, and virtue ethics obtain their support through one’s character.
More...
Life challenges and traumas come in many forms and the capacity to bounce back, adapt, and move on to a new normal also comes in many forms. This study examined some common life challenges and trauma experiences and how persons in these have reacted and grown past the experiences. The study also used action research to provide graduate student counselors insight on facets of trauma that they could help with in service as counselors.The study was conducted by 102 school counseling and clinical mental health counseling students in a graduate level Lifespan Development course with volunteers selected by them to share through interview impact of challenges and resilience formation in the challenge areas of Substance Addiction; Habit Addiction; Disabilities; Natural Disaster Trauma; Combat Trauma; Other Individual Trauma such as a House Fire, Domestic Violence, Child Sexual Abuse, or Severe Accident; Community Event; Couple Event; Family Event; or School Event. The volunteers shared description of the life challenge or trauma; whole person reactions to the event from immediate to current reaction (at least a year post-event); life factors pre-event that may have contributed to the occurrence of the event or compounded recovery from the event; and life factors both pre- and post-event that helped with recovery from the event. The graduate students then synthesized answers to frame potential pathways to explore further for enhancement of resilience building with future clients and students and to support students in recovery and healing from trauma experiences while in their schools.
More...
Exposure to chronic trauma such as lifestyles of poverty, events of natural disaster, and acts of violence on individuals or groups continues to happen for educators and their students – if not via personal experience, via media-informed awareness. Critical conscience as increased awareness, understanding, and desire for advocacy is increased through experiential learning of pre-service educators as they engage in the lives of student populations they serve. A graduate course in work with multicultural populations routinely includes immersion experiences of pre-service educators in a population of students they teach and other than their own population. Selected student experiences and subsequent reflections were examined for results with relevance to application in amelioration of risks and promotion of resilience with chronic trauma. The study resulted in student reports of increased critical conscience. Based on literature reviews for the study, this enhanced critical conscience contributes to educator preparation for greater efficacy with intervention for amelioration of trauma impact and promotion of resilience development with future students whom they will teach.
More...
Conditional respect reflects a positive evaluation based on internalized normative assumptions (Reykowski). This evaluation may be operationalized in the form of verbal judgments, which enables the use of the questionnaire technique. The opinions on the conditions of gaining and losing respect for adults with disabilities, collected with the participation of 32 competent judges, enabled the development of a set of test items, indicating the dispositional orientation of conditional respect. The collected research material based on a sample of 323 respondents assessing the significance of various forms of disabled people’s activity to the increase or decrease in the respect they enjoy in social perception was subjected to exploratory factor analysis (with Varimax rotation). Scree plot analysis indicated the presence of two factors: the first one positive and the second one negative. A detailed examination of the items in the light of the theory of normative assumptions (Reykowski) revealed five categories: Individual Productivity, Individual and Collective Synergy (Factor I), as well as Individual Receptiveness and Antagonism (Factor II). The analysis of stability confirmed the repeatability of 29 items, and the internal consistency (Cronbach’s α) of the items for the identified categories of normative beliefs ranges from .73 to .83. Therefore, the CRPD-Q meets the basic validity and reliability criteria of the measurement of conditional respect for adults with disabilities – overall conditional respect and its various aspects. Finally, the instructions for estimating and interpreting the scores are presented and further challenges involved in the development of the measure are signaled.
More...
The article presents an analysis of the validity and reliability of the FAD-Plus scale by D. L. Paulhus and J. M. Carey, which is used to measure beliefs in free will, determinism, and the unpredictability of events. The results of three studies are presented. Based on the results of the first study, it was found that the tool has a consistent structure and that its 3-factor 16-item version is reliable. The second study revealed positive correlations between determinism and religious fundamentalism and belief in an unjust world as well as a positive correlation between belief in unpredictability and belief in an unjust world. The correlations of belief in free will with authoritarianism, belief in an unjust world, and religious fundamentalism were not significant. The third study revealed a positive correlation between belief in free will and positive emotions, a negative correlation between belief in determinism and positive emotions, and negative correlations of belief in determinism and belief in unpredictability with life satisfaction. The analysis of the FAD-Plus scale for the Polish sample proves that the 3-factor scale (the 16-item version) consisting of subscales measuring beliefs in free will, determinism, and unpredictability, is a parametrically satisfactory tool.
More...
In the paper the authors describe the phenomenon of inconspicuous consumption, including the consumer behaviors characteristic of it and the socioeconomic processes underlying it. The authors analyzed the manifestations of inconspicuous consumption from the perspective of three conceptions of materialism: Belk’s, Richins and Dawson’s, and Kasser and Ryan’s. They identified the elements linking inconspicuous consumption with specific aspects of materialism as well as the points of difference between these two phenomena.
More...