Recepcja Jane Austen w polskojęzycznym Internecie na przykładzie stron internetowych poświęconych pisarce

Author(s): Ewa Szczepkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2019

The subject of the article is the reception of Jane Austen in the sphere of e-culture – its fragment connected to websites and discussion forums concerning the writer. The phenomenon of “Austen mania” starts in Poland mainly because of the popularity of the movies based on Jane Austen prose. These sites and forums played not only a popularizing role, spreading the knowledge about the writers’ biography, work, film adaptations, or Regency, but they also grouped the society of fans who felt the need of being close to the other readers of Austen and some virtual companion in a feminine sphere created by numerous, common interpretation of the behaviour of the heroes of her prose, and also fans’ creativity in the area of gadgets, Regency costumes and literary tourism. The other form of activity is fan fiction, slightly represented on the forums and sites, especially in the comparison to fan fiction around the work of Austen in the English-speaking circle. They are most frequently the translations from The Republic of Pemberley, not prepared, unfinished, fragmentated, or personal attempts of a romance kind, in a style of Harlequin literature and a sentimental tone.

Funny as hell:

Author(s): Uğur Ümit Üngör,Valerie Amandine Verkerke / Language(s): English Issue: 2/3/2015

The history of genocide is replete with various humorous treatments by different actors with distinctive objectives. This type of dark humour treats the topic, which is usually enveloped with solemnity, in a satirical manner. This essay aims to study the functions of humour by comparatively examining victimized individuals’ and groups’ use of humour during and after violent episodes such as genocide. Why do victims use humour under conditions of extreme peril, threats to life, and fear? It draws on published and unpublished memoirs, pamphlets, video clips, and most importantly victims' artistic and literary responses to the Nazi repression and the mass violence in Bosnia (1992-1995) and Syria (2011-2013). The essay argues that dark humour seems to be widespread among victims and survivors, as it functions as a complex mechanism for coping with anxiety and fear, group cohesion and critique of perpetrators. Our conclusions suggest that victimological approaches in genocide studies can benefit considerably from focusing on oppressed groups’ humoristic responses to mass violence.

Book review

Author(s): Sharon Lockyer / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2014

Book review

Author(s): Vasia Tsami / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2013

Humorous phenomena in dramatic discourse

Author(s): Marta Dynel / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2013

The paramount goal of this paper is to tease out a number of universal communicative phenomena which carry humour appreciated by the recipient of a drama series, based on data culled from a famous medical drama series, “House”. This broad-range study aims to shed light on the humorous phenomena in dramatic discourse, which evinces greater similitude than comedy discourse. It is argued that conversational humour is prevalent in dramatic discourse, manifesting itself in rhetorical figures (e.g. creative metaphor or irony) and pragmatic types (e.g. teasing), which can also be categorised depending on whether or not they display genuine aggression. Two more humour types are also presented as part of conversational humour, namely: non-verbal expression and (non-)parodic impersonation. Additionally, several other sources of humour are distinguished, such as: a character’s quirky behaviour (including participatory behaviour and impoliteness), uncanny events, situational irony, and deception. While the humorous capacity of such concepts has already been recognised, their position in the research on film discourse and in humour studies is not yet well-established. It will be argued that these phenomena manifest humorousness to the hearer on the second communicative level, the recipient, and are not necessarily humorous at the characters’ level. All the humour forms distinguished are neatly captured by incongruity theory, specifically the incongruity-resolution model, coupled with superiority theory in the case of disaffiliative humour.

Критерии за оценка на ЕМС и защита от смущения на основни радиослужби в съответствие с препоръките на ITU-R

Author(s): Anushka Stancheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 7/2020

The effect of unwanted energy due to one or a combination of several desired and unwanted emissions upon reception in a radio communication system results in performance degradation, misinterpretation or loss of information. Multiple sources of interference may affect the receiver input: services of the same type or other operating in the same frequency band, services operating in adjacent frequency bands, sources generating continuous or short term interferences, fixed or mobile sources, etc. To prevent such interfering situations, a key element is the standardization of appropriate criteria for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and interference protection (IPC). The purpose of the studies and analyzes in this article is to systematize the criteria for electromagnetic compatibility for basic radio services based on the Publications of ITU-R. Criteria for four important areas of radio communications covering fixed, fixed satellite, broadcasting and mobile radio services are compared. Contributions are the categorization of the criteria according to the type of interfering signal and the results of the analyses, which show that the regulatory requirements and practical methods for interference protection and EMC for different radio services differ. Detailed criteria for predicting the probability of interference being standardized only for some radio services.

Отражение от влизането на България в еврозоната за банковия и за реалния сектори в Република България и в частност за отрасъл „Телекомуникации“

Author(s): Joseph Avramov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 7/2020

The publication analyzes the advantages of the entry of the Republic of Bulgaria into the ERM 2 currency mechanism and the banking union. The first part indicates the benefits for our country for the banking sector of the Bulgarian economy, respectively for facilitating the payments of companies and citizens. The second part of the publication refers to the advantages for the real sector of the Bulgarian economy, respectively for the Telecommunications sector. In conclusion, some not very significant shortcomings are indicated, which will occur after Bulgaria's accession to the euro area

The Role of Agents of Political Socialization in the Use of Social Media

Author(s): Savaş TOKSÖZ / Language(s): English Issue: 74/2021

This study aims to reveal the role of the agents of political socialization in the use of social media as a tool for receiving political news and political participation. The research findings suggest that there is a positive relationship between the use of social media as a tool for receiving political news and the agents of political socialization, namely, the family, friend groups, school, and traditional media. Similarly, a statistically significant relationship has been found between the use of social media as a tool for political participation and family, friend groups, school, and traditional media.

НАУЧНО МИШЉЕЊЕ И УМЕТНИКОВА ИДЕЈА

Author(s): Nemanja S. Lazarević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 72/2020

Through the analysis of parts – from font to audio recordings, the paper tries to point out those important elements from which Dušan Matić, a poet, constructed his works, but which were sufficiently stimulating for authors who dealt with certain possibilities of a multimedia digital book.

Изследване на погледа при възприемане на елементите в страница от учебник по български език

Author(s): Despina Vasileva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2021

A study about perception of a page from a textbook of Bulgarian is presented in the article. Participants in the experiment are 30 students of age 15 to 19 from high schools in Sofia. The study is realized through an eye tracking system. For the purposes of the study 8 stimuli (textbook pages) were constructed, containing the components as follows: “text”, “image”, and “diagram”. In each stimulus the quantity of the components differs. All possible pairs in a combination in the left and in the right field of view are presented in the stimuli. The goal of the research is to be examined the fixation of the gaze on each elements of a textbook page. To assess the characteristic of the gaze was calculated the number of saccades in the left and right visual field of the slides. The data are organized in spreadsheets. Statistical analysis is performed in two-group t-test (two samples with different variances). Mean number of saccades, standard deviation, standard error, critical ratio are calculated.

TYPES OF TOURISM IN ALBANIAN TRAVEL GUIDEBOOKS

Author(s): Irena Skendo / Language(s): English Issue: 14/2021

Taking into consideration the tourism phenomenon in Albania, from few numbers of tourists in the past to large numbers of foreigners visiting the country and, thus, contributing to the improvement of the economy, this paper aims to investigate the diverse types of tourism offered to the foreigners. Therefore, a corpus of tourism travel guidebooks published in Albania in the English language used for the country`s promotion in the world was analyzed to throw light on what kind of tourism is promoted in the texts and how. The approach utilized here is corpus linguistics and it is both quantitative and qualitative. The results indicate that tourism is not only intended for the summer holidays, but it is offered in various forms. There are several choices provided to visitors such as coastal, green, historical, cultural, winter and adventure tourism. The diverse types of tourism presented through this data analysis led us to the belief and thought that this text is trying to attract future visitors of all ages and a range of personal interests. In other words, there is anything for anyone and, so, one is not restricted to visiting Albania only in the summer but all year round.

SOME HUMAN AND TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF ONLINE CONTENT REGULATION

Author(s): Gergely Gosztonyi / Language(s): English Issue: Supp. 1/2021

The amount of newly uploaded content on the internet is growing daily: 60 seconds on the web in 2021 consist of more than 500 hours of content uploaded on YouTube, 695,000 stories shared on Instagram, and nearly 70 million messages sent via WhatsApp and Facebook Messenger. The vast majority of them is legal content, but a slice is illegal or harmful. The article analyses the situation and the problems of both human and AI moderation, then it gives an answer how to handle the content on the internet with a shared usage of human and AI moderation as they could perfectly complement each other in a long term.

Katynizm, a mowa nienawiści w środowisku dziennikarskim – analiza przypadku

Author(s): Zbigniew Werra / Language(s): Polish Issue: 52/2021

Katynizm as a system aimed at the destruction of the internal individual as well as society, uses various tools in the process of annihilation. One of them is undoubtedly the hate speech with its negation of the subject of the human person. It introduces disharmony to the internal area and violates the sense of security and decision-making. Hate speech as a tool of katynizm escalates the level of tension that does not recognize any ethical principles in the structure of social life.

Change and Continuity in Translation. Renewing Communication in a Globalised World

Author(s): Yves Gambier / Language(s): English Issue: 37/2020

At first sight, technology is transforming rapidly the workflow in translation. Like in many other fields, digital technology impacts translators’ daily life. Technology is so omnipresent that we are hardly capable of measuring the consequences it had, the metamorphosis it has induced. On the other hand, we are also so fascinated by all the technical devices and platforms we can use that we tend to forget or undermine the past and how technology and media have always played a role in the evolution of our cultures. Looking back in history, we can realise that some current practices in translation, considered as new, are not really so new. The use of multimodal “texts” we are referring to everyday is not without analogy with the production and the reading of “texts” in the past. Perhaps the transition from a logocentric to an intersemiotic and intermedial culture puts an end to a limited period of time in history, dominated by printing. But closing the “Gutenberg parenthesis” does not imply coming across the same artefacts again as before the 15th century. Based on the existing literature, our paper questions the borders between some translation practice, media, disciplines, through an historical perspective.

“Table Talk”: Defining Metadiscourse of Analog Games

Author(s): Steven Dashiell / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

This paper discusses the communication in tabletop role-playing games that we call metadiscourse. Prior study of gaming and the act of play prove that the space is inherentlysocial. However, we speculate that, through metadiscourse, the social aspect of the tabletop role-playing game is central to group cohesion and perpetuation of the gaming subculture. Metadiscourse involves conversation not linked to the current game but could be cordial and relational, critical, or completely unrelated to the game. However, it is an informal conversation that would not occur if there was no game. In metadiscourse there are determinations of gaming capital, or elements of value. Participation in metadiscourse allows an individual to feel included in the game and gaming subculture. However, metadiscourse demonstrates a level of gaming capital through situatedness and affordances that can act as a gatekeeping function for individuals.

Netflix Games: Streaming Giant Expands to Gaming

Author(s): Adam Kysler / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

On July 20, 2021, Netflix, in their shareholder letter, claimed that they are in the early stages of further expanding into digital games. For Netflix, it is one of many ways to extend the number of subscribers to include gamers.

Frequency of Adjectives in Male and Female Speech in the Contemporary Television Drama Series “Homeland”:

Author(s): Marian Żmigrodzki / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

The paper addresses issues related to language and gender, and discusses research on the frequency of adjectives in language of male and female characters in a TV drama series “Homeland”. The empirical part of the study uses as its theoretical background the classic works in the field (Lakoff 1975; Butler 1990; Meyerhoff 2006), which identify gender specific language features and define factors that determine male-female language differences. The research was conducted manually, with a limited support of electronic tools, on a personally created language corpus consisting of dialogue lines from the TV show. The results clearly show that the frequency of adjectives in female speech in the context of the TV series is higher than in male speech in the analyzed corpus.

Ephemeral mimetics:

Author(s): Sara Martínez-Cardama,Fátima García-López / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has prompted a crisis with consequences for public health, but also with economic, social and cultural implications that have affected all layers of society to a greater or lesser extent. Communication has been impacted by the immediacy and virality of messages and misinformation has galloped across social platforms. Against this backdrop, memes have emerged as a powerful means to channel citizen sentiment. During the Covid-19 crisis, social sciences and, in particular, the study of social interaction through digital platforms has played a significant role. A study of these digital objects is essential to understanding social network-based communication during the pandemic. The qualitative research reported here analyses the role of memes in communication on Covid-19, studies their development and defends their status as one of this generation’s cultural artefacts that, as such, merits preservation. Meme evolution is studied using Kübler-Ross’ (1969) stages of grief, which has been applied in a number of contexts involving psychological change. A corpus of 980 memes was analysed according to iconographic and sociological criteria. Studying memes in those terms both brings information on the evolution of citizens’ concerns to light and proves useful to identify the trends present in social media communication around the pandemic. The challenges to be faced in meme preservation are defined, along with the ways in which heritage institutions should ensure the conservation of these cultural objects, which mirror early twentyfirst century communication and world views and, in this case, provide specific insight into one of the most significant historical circumstances of recent decades.

Commentary piece

Author(s): Villy Tsakona / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

This commentary piece offers some preliminary thoughts concerning Greek memes produced since COVID-19 disease arrived at Greece at the end of February 2020 through identifying an analogy between the sociopolitical conditions in Greece-under-lockdown and Orwell’s Oceania in his 1984 novel. It is specifically argued that such texts constitute political humour commenting on the abrupt, yet pervasive changes attested due to state measures against the spread of COVID-19 disease. To this end, memes collected from social media are discussed and interpreted in comparison with extracts from Orwell’s novel to point to striking similarities between the 1984 sociopolitical context and the Greek one. It is, however, suggested that there is a significant difference between the two contexts: in Orwell’s dystopia, humour seems to have no place at all; on the contrary, humour thrived in Greece-under-lockdown, especially among participants in the social media, in the form of rapidly created and disseminated memes. Memory (a central notion in Orwell’s novel) emerges as a crucial factor for the production of such humour in contemporary Greece and for its absence from Orwell’s Oceania.

Теоретични основи на първата покупка в маркетинга

Author(s): Alexander Hristov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2021

Consumer decision making as an important process in marketing sphere has been discussed in detail, but so far researchers as a rule have not focused the attention on how the purchase happens for the very first time. The current text is an attempt to develop the foundations and to make a conceptual framework of the first purchase in marketing and to outline its significance for current or future consumption, especially for the fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG). Together with a review of the extent to which the first purchase is considered and interpreted in the academic tradition in the field (and in practice), an attempt has been made to outline it as a phenomenon, since it can have significant benefits for better understanding consumer behavior and the further improvement of marketing communications. With this regard, it can be assumed that the first purchase is the initial step of acquiring consumer experience, which determines whether the product will continue to be purchased or not. Of course, all this is largely valid for the b2c (business to consumer) markets, for the products for individual and household consumption, and for the b2b (business to business) ones the particularities may differ significantly and need to be a subject of additional research efforts.