Aus dem inneren Leben der Zigeuner

Author(s): Heinrich Adalbert von Wlislocki / Language(s): German

Heinrich Adalbert von Wlislocki (1856-1907) has been a Transylvanian researcher in language and cultural anthropology. He specialized in „Tsiganology“, and conducted intensive literary collections as well as field-studies among Transylvanian Gypsies. He became member of a Gypsy-Clan and got married to a Gypsy woman. Volume I (1889) of the Journal of the Gypsy Lore Society wrote about him as „the scholar probably having best insight in life and language of the Gyspies” (Charles Godfrey Leland).In this book the author describes various key aspects of “Tsiganology” such as healthcare traditions, religious narratives, mythological traditions and tales, utilities for peregrinating groups…The book is completed by the highly exceptional biography of a Gypsy woman of origin in South Serbia and ending via Greece, Albania, Italy, finally in the Paris milieu of avant-gardist artists.

Roma-Gypsy Presence in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. 15th-18th Century

Author(s): Lech Mróz / Language(s): English

This is an analysis of 166 original and previously unpublished documents dating from the very first mention of a Gypsy in 1401 up to the year 1765. These documents range from royal decrees thru lawsuits to entries in municipal records. Some were written in Polish but many are in Latin, German or Ruthenian. They tell the story of not only the Gypsies living in Poland, but also of those who now live in Belarus, Lithuania, Latvia and Ukraine.Though Poland has not traditionally had a large Roma population, the author leads the reader through an eventful history of a people living on the margins of contemporary Europe. The historic documents illustrate a marked contrast to present stereotypes and popular media images and shows how the position of Roma/Gypsies shifted gradually from respected, wealthy and partly settled citizens of the early modern times, towards criminalized vagrants of the 18th century. This is a careful interpretation and re-interpretation of documents pertaining to the Roma's past that will provide an enlightening historical perspective towards the re-evaluation and self-definition of the Romani people in contemporary Europe.

Стварније од стварног. Антропологија Азерота

Author(s): Ljiljana Gavrilović / Language(s): Serbian

Смрт и оностраност у клетвама

Author(s): Lasta Đapović / Language(s): Serbian

Църковният брак в България след 1989 г. – традиция или мода

Author(s): Evgeniya Krsteva-Blagoeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The basic aim of this paper is to determine the most important motivation responsible for young Bulgars’ decision whether to take the ecclestiastical matrimony or not during the first ten years of so called democracy period. The answer is to be seeked on how much the post-1989 ecclestiastical matrimonies "boom" could be observed as a returning to tradition which was banned and rejected during a totalitarism period, or it is a matter of the fashion which concerns certain prestige inherent to all of the contemporary religious manifestations. The main problem to be interpreted is how the level of being religious (real or imagined) affects the decision for the ecclestiastical matrimony; what is the way the marriaging couple understand the essence of sacrament they’re iniciated to; what are their personal experience of that moment etc. Several models of ecclestiastical matrimony – mostly dependable on family education – will be analysed: cathegorical rejection of the matrimony, which is the most common among people from the Communist Party supporting families, who look negatively towards those wedding in church without being in true faith; the transitional variant of not being married in church, but going there for lighting a candle after the civil ceremony and before the celebration party in the restaurant; the most common variant is that young people without infact being religious make decisions for ecclestiastical matrimony considering it more solemnly and more prestigous; the group of young people who seriously take their Orthodoxy and who insist on testamony infront the God is not numerous. The certain hierarchy of the prestigousness of Orthodox churches in Sofia will be considerd according to the question of their desirability for making a matrimony at them. The greatest pressure of young couples to be married at is on the Cathedral church of St. Alexander Nevskiy where the weddings are mostly forbidden, which is the main reason of desiring to be married at that church for people who ceremony consider at most as a prestige.

Мобилни фантасмагории : Телефонно въображаемо и младежки телекултури

Author(s): Niya Neykova / Language(s): Bulgarian

Etno-grafie, kulturo-grafie

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

Ethno-graphies, culture-graphies is a publication associated with a project realised by the Department of the Theory and the History of Culture of the University of Silesia in Katowice in collaboration with the Faculty of International Polish Studies of the University of Silesia, the School of the Polish Language and Culture of the University of Silesia, the Polish Cultural Studies Association – the Katowice department, the Museum of the History of Katowice, and the Polish Academy of Learning – the Katowice station. The project, which is interdisciplinary in nature, combines anthropological, ethnographic, cultural science, historical and literature-science reflection of young researchers who represent various centres of scholarship. In 2016 and in 2017 two international scholarly conferences were organised in which speakers from countries such as Kyrgyzstan, Italy, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Ukraine, Croatia, Russia, China and Poland participated. The publication accompanies the conferences which were organised, although it is not a conference volume.The book entitled Ethno-graphies, culture-graphies contains the works of experts in the field of culture, Indologists, linguists and the experts in the field of literature. The eponymous “ethno-graphies” do not refer to various alternative models of a discipline (ethnography). For us, both “ethno-graphies” and “culture-graphies” indicate manners of writing about culture. The word “culture-graphy” was coined as a neologism to bring out the peculiar nature of writing about phenomena which are difficult to associate with ethne in the traditional acceptation of the term but which may be considered to constitute cultural phenomena. The purpose of the texts presented in the volume is to take the reader “on a journey” – a journey from the most remote places, such as ancient India, directly to Upper Silesia.

Problem emocji w piśmiennictwie sanskryckim

Author(s): Dagmara Wasilewska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The subject of the article is emotionality in the literature of ancient India, including the status of emotions and their cultural conditions, and ways of expressing emotions in the most important Indian literary language – Sanskrit – in relation to its specificity. Terms referring to emotional states are unique for a given culture, because culture shapes the evaluation of emotions, which in turn affects the image of emotionality present in the language. When studying the issue of expressing feelings in Sanskrit, we examine written texts – old, strongly canonized and stylized, rich in symbolic content and references to mythology. Sanskrit literature is therefore characterised by a certain stiffness in terms of emotionality – emotions are more often described than expressed. Philosophical-religious literature usually completely refrains from the subject of feelings, while classical poetry is dominated by fiction of a very artistic form, in which formal stylistic devices are the most important. On the other hand, the lexis describing feelings is highly developed and it astonishes with its abundance and richness of descriptions as well as long, elaborate compositions. In the article I attempt to sketch a picture of emotions in Sanskrit literature and identify the elements that condition it.

Przekuć słowo w czyn. Zachowanie jako wyznacznik gruzińskiej tożsamości narodowej w XIX wieku

Author(s): Kamil Kozakowski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article deals with the problem of analysis of Georgian social movements of an independent character formed in the 19th century through the prism of semiotics of behaviour. As Yuri Lotman and Boris Uspensky wrote; cultural changes are accompanied by an increase in the semioticness of the behavior of members of a given culture. In my article I try to determine how the loss of independence by Georgia in 1812 changed the behaviour of Georgians; who; through specific models of conduct; manifested their separateness from Russian culture. It should also be taken into account that Georgia was the destination of many Polish independence activists and Russian Decembrists sent to the Caucasus to serve their sentences. For this reason; the influence of Polish exiles and Russian decembrists on the formation of Georgian national movements of an independent character is also important in my deliberations.

Językowe rytuały grzecznościowe w Polsce i w Gruzji na przykładzie aktów życzeń oraz toastów

Author(s): Nana Shengelia / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

This article is an attempt to compare Polish and Georgian language politeness on the basis of acts of greetings and toasts. These formulas are an excellent material for this type of analysis because of their common use. The paper focuses mainly on the interpretation of the most commonly used phrases; stressing the problems that their users may encounter in their mutual relations; especially as the languages studied vary considerably; both historically and culturally; which has been demonstrated in this study.

Ludyczne aspekty europejskiego spirytyzmu w latach 1853–1854

Author(s): Kamila Gęsikowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article is devoted to the phenomenon of the so-called “turning tables”; which; having initially taken on a form of play in Europe; has become culturally important. I have analyzed the sources from 1853–1854 due to the extremely dynamic development of this type of experiments. In my considerations I have referred mainly to the work of Julian Florian Horain Stoły wędrujące: szkic poł-naukowy i poł-humorystyczny [Wandering tables: a semi-scientific and semi-humorous sketch]; published in the same year as the “fashion” for “wandering tables” appeared. This fashion for “turning tables”; which spread across Europe; formed quite clear and uniform rules according to which the play was organized. That is why I based my deliberations on Johan Huizinga’s concept of play as a source of culture; contained in the fundamental work of the researcher Homo Ludens. Through my analysis; I indicated how experiments carried out in the form of play at “turning tables” influenced the development of permanent structures; important for the future European culture. Among other things; one can mention the spiritualism movement or the interest in researching the spiritualistic phenomena of academic circles; but also the preservation of spiritualistic séances in the form of play.

Bari jako obraz włoskiej prowincji w wybranych tekstach literackich – z dala od narracji o miejscach centrycznych

Author(s): Rosalba Satalino / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

For years; the space of Italy has been an inspiration for the literary imagination of Polish travelling artists. In this article I would like to choose the spaces that Poles treat as Italian provinces and analyze how they are created in literature and how these descriptions reflect the cultural truth about these areas. First of all; one can notice differences in the way Apulian and Bari spaces are described as the capital of the province and Apulia region in the works of Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz and Dariusz Czaja.

Strategie buntu: czeska „nieoficjalna” literatura lat pięćdziesiątych a ukraiński soc-art i konceptualizm

Author(s): Tetiana Kovalenko / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article is devoted to the comparison of Czech “unofficial” literature with Ukrainian Sots Art and conceptualism as phenomena that are opposed to “official” culture. On the basics of a juxtaposition of poems by Egon Bondy; Ivo Vodsed’álek; Jana Krejcarová; Volodymyr Cybulko; Ihor Bondar-Tereshchenko and dramas by Les Podervianskyi; measures aimed at refuting the “official” discourse have been identified.

Nie taki diabeł straszny jak go malują. Krótki szkic na temat „diobła” w Przedziwnych śląskich powiarkach Gustawa Morcinka

Author(s): Anna Król / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In the article I discuss the issues of characterology of one of the most popular demonic figures in literature – the devil; against the background of the mining landscape of Silesia. In my analysis; I draw attention to the cultural context of the Silesian land.

Strój ludowy kobiet z Radzionkowa i jego aktualne formy – rekonesans

Author(s): Małgorzata Laburda-Lis / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article uses the material from field research conducted on a women’s folk costume appearing in Radzionków. The collected material was compared with the descriptions of the folk costume from Rozbark available in the literature. The starting point for the analysis is the assumption that the women’s folk costume worn in Radzionków years ago is similar to the costume worn in Rozbark; Bytom; although in the opinion of the users there is no such similarity. The author; focusing on the issue of the subjectivity of this outfit; pointed out to the issue that although in her opinion the two costumes are related; in the opinion of the respondents there is no such relation. By examining the costume from the perspective of its users; i.e. how they perceive their dress themselves; the author of the article undermines the terminological category developed by the researchers – Rozbark costume – as applied to the whole group of folk costumes appearing in the region. She reminds us that one of the functions of the outfit was to inform about the origin of the user. Therefore; using the term “Rozbark costume” to refer to the outfit from Radzionków is a serious mistake for the inhabitants.At the same time; the author has established that the costume worn today in Radzionków on the occasion of church holidays is different from the one described by the women under study. This change has taken place outside their consciousness and is connected with a change in the function of the clothing.

Historytelling: Designing Validated Heritage Narratives for Non-captive Audiences. Evidence from EU Funded Projects in the Programming Period 2014-2020

Author(s): Dorothea Papathanasiou-Zuhrt / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Much too often a temporospatial gap arises between monuments and non-captive audiences at places of cultural significance. It emerges as the missing link between the tangible and the intangible form of cultural heritage. While material substance or architecture of a monument are perceived by the eye, values and inherent meanings remain inaccessible. This particular condition is further modified for the better or worse by the skills of the audience, which has different origins, mentalities and cultural backgrounds that hinder or enhance the perception and appreciation of cultural heritage. Following the philosophy of hermeneutics, this paper suggests that the temporo-spatial gap between monuments and audiences is principally of cognitive nature: to understand and embrace heritage values and effectively bridge the gap, we need to connect the tangible form of the object to its intangible dimensions, symbols, meanings and values. As much of the supply side offers remain codified in the language of experts, while the public, especially the youth, is looking for compelling stories and multisensory experiences, we need to look for a new narrative discourse. This paper examines evidence from 260 heritage narratives produced through EU funded projects in the Programming Period 2014-2020, in an attempt to evaluate the knowledge acquisition pattern developed and the role of AV technology plays in the development of a validated heritage narrative.

NÉP ÉS GÉP, MÁGIA ÉS TECHNIKA, AVAGY: VAN-E A GÉPNEK LELKE?

Author(s): József Gagyi / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

In this article, I revisit Hermann Bausinger’s reflections. In the Germanethnographer’s view, the multiplicity of machines is integrated into popular society from the very beginning, i.e. from the first period of their appearance: the latter cannot be conceived of as a socio-cultural organization before the machine age. If we observe carefully, we can “encounter in everyday life innumerable forms of natural contact with technology” (Bausinger 1995: p. 7). But it is also true that the encounter was perceived by the popular world as a threat: a play of unleashed forces, a meaningless (because for it it could not be understood) threat. After all,a kind of stability was established that could be observed in the industrial age: “a ritualized self-evidence of the relationship with technology” (ibid.). In my presentation, I will discuss what I imagine this means.

HIEDELEM, TUDÁS, JÖVŐ

Author(s): József Gagyi / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

According to ethologist Vilmos Csányi and psychologist Balázs Tóth, based on their book published in 2017, from an ethological point of view, beliefs form the cornerstones of human thinking. Their theory states that the world of human beings is based on information received, appropriated, and transmitted by others: on beliefs. Science is considered a special belief, difficult to access, always in search, following well-defined methodological rules. Starting from these axioms and with reference to the COVID-19 pandemic, the study asks questions and seeks answers about the essential explanatory symbols of social reality (Clifford Geertz), the metaphysical problems of destiny (Elemér Hankiss), the modern concept of the diseases (Michel Foucault), the vaccination and “pasteurization” (Bruno Latour), and, finally, the reality of prophecies about the future.

ÚJ KARAKTERŰ KÖZÖSSÉGÉPÍTŐ MODELLEK AZ IDENTITÁSKRÍZIS KEZELÉSÉBEN

Author(s): Anikó Péterbencze / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

The study presents the conclusions of the doctoral dissertation completed at the end of a thirty-year research process. Identity crisis – as a historical category, or rather as a historical process – has long haunted modern societies. However, when this crisis phenomenon is coupled with other elements that exacerbate it, such as ethnic identity crisis, it needs to be examined in several other dimensions. My research question is whether the researched dance culture, the social community entertainment model is suitable in its old and new form and, if so, to what extent it is suitable for the preservation and/or re-creation of the Csángó-Hungarian ethnic identity and, if this is true, how new, 21st-century globalization processes will affect the representation of identity.I believe that in addition to the situational dependence that arises in identity research, the most important problem is that identity is a complex cultural pattern, the verbalization of which is highly controversial in the medium under study. Finally, I try to shed light on the dimensions that are worth exploring in the individual–community–society aspect at the micro-mezzo-macro levels. To solve the problem, we need to examine the mapped levels of the individual’s consciousness, i.e. the interaction between self-awareness, the social self, and the social policy dimensions that surround the individual. In the last few years of the past decade, a new community-building model was operating, the effects of which I see today as a chance for a new Moldavian subculture to replace the bond of ethnic identity with the mother tongue; and this cultural model can be a new identity carrier in the observed local communities in the Bacău region.

A GYERMEKKULTUSZ NÉHÁNY PÉLDÁJA A NÉPI KULTÚRÁBAN

Author(s): Lajos Balázs / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

In spite of the fact that it refers to some surprising parallels between popular customs and tales, this paper stresses that all genres of popular culture follow children with attention. This intellectual convergence comes to prove the existence of a special cult of children in the peasant's culture. In contrast with other cults, today's deformed cult for children is based on survival, rationalism and pragmatism. That it is lacking egoism and short sightedness, being the fundamental philosophy of a community's present and future.