Из живота на българската общност в Гюмюрджина. Граници и идентичности /края на 19 век – 1912 г./

Author(s): Maria Markova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2016

The research is focused on a Bulgarian group in Komotini from the late 19th century until 1912. The reconstruction is based on autobiographical memories which outline some of the group’s markers, such as norms of behaviour, boundaries and relations with the “others”. Under the conditions of old systems of contact and co-existence, of trade communication and relations connected with the ideological and moral ideas of the Balkan man in general, i.e. in the case of features referring to the so-called low (deep) culture, the Bulgarians and Greeks in the town draw closer together and live under the conditions of the contact zone. In the opposite case, with the emergence of some of the basic features of the nation and the high culture, such as institutions, designation, territory, language, the anthropological boundary hardens and in part of the contact zone a barrier rises up which discriminates between “we” and the “others”.

Празници и празнуване в Самоков във времето на социализма в спомените на съвременниците

Author(s): Iskra Todorova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2016

The article presents the local festive system of Samokov in the socialist period. Theobservations and conclusions are based on oral biographical stories collected duringethnological field researches in the town of Samokov conducted in 2011–2015 bythe “Ongal“ Association of Anthropology, Ethnology and Folklore Studies using themethod of oral history.The study examines the official and traditional calendar and family rites andpresents some specific forms of socialist festivities – manifestation, solemn meeting,banquet, literary-musical programme, treat in an intimate circle, as well as festiveforms deriving from traditional feasts.Some typical cultural practices understood and referred to as markers of localidentity in Samokov are outlined: throwing sweet loafs from Rido on the Annunciation, visiting in midnight on Easter the cemetery with a red Easter egg and an Eastercake, the post-wedding custom of “Topenitsa“, the Whitsuntide fair known as Štipimarket, as well as the Samokov leek pasty (samokovski zelnik) and mulled brandy(greyana rakiya).The retrospective look at the Samokov feasts shows that the forms of celebrationare not steady. The dynamic of the processes of change in the urban festivity affectsalso the shift of the places of memory in the town.

„Калиница“ в Асеновград като пример за конструиране на съвременен градски празник

Author(s): Zlatina Bogdanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2016

The paper is dedicated to a modern urban festival at the heart of which lies thetraditional celebration of „Kalinitsa“ preserved in Asenovgrad. The study reveals how this tradition is reconstructed today and turned into a cultural resource for the local community. The emphasis is on the cultural representations and functions ofthe festival and the importance attributed by local residents. The analysis identifiesthe main discourses related to „Kalinitsa“, paying attention to the role of collectivememory in shaping modern practices and models of celebration in the community. Who are the carriers of this local memory? To what extent it defines the essence ofthe festivities? In addition, the paper aims to answer the following questions: whatmakes the festival unique to Asenovgrad and what is its place in the modern urbanculture? In the disclosure of all aspects of this tradition the author relies on personal observations, stories of participants and earlier ethnographic researches.

Две свети места в ж. к. „Младост“ в гр. София

Author(s): Valentina Sharlanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2016

The Anthropological Field on the Margins of Europe, 1945–1991. Ed. by A. Bošković and Ch.Hann

Author(s): Elya Tzaneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2016

Модернизация репродуктивного поведения образованных россиянок второй половины XIX — начала XX в.

Author(s): Natalia Lvovna Pushkareva,Natalja Aleksandrovna Mitsyuk / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2016

Authors reveal the main trends in reproductive behavior of noblewomen in the second half of XIX and the beginning of the XX c. The noblewomen are in the center of the research, because the modernization of reproductive behavior was the most pronounced in this social stratum. The study is based on the women’s private documents, case histories and cases described by physicians.Among approaches and methods employed one should mention the following: socio-constructivist, micro history, gender history, social and cultural anthropology, biographical method, case studies.Modernization of Russian society, the destruction of the patriarchal family,emancipation, availability of new areas for gender identity in the second half of the XIX c. contributed to the creation of a new type of mating behavior of noblewomen.It was the revolutionary process of autonomization of sexual and procreative behavior of noblewomen. Rationalization of reproductive behavior was reflected in significant reduction of births, increasing the age of marriage and the age of first pregnancy, widespread dissemination of contraception.A new type of fertility was formed very quickly — within one generation.The reduction of births in woman’s life in terms of social construction of“conscious motherhood” led to the growth of maternal roles value in female perception and dissemination of child centrism. Planning of a family became an important component of the Russian noble families. Sexual life of a married woman became more and more independent of her reproductive abilities.

Семейная жизнь губернского чиновничества в первой четверти ХIХ В. : общее и особенное

Author(s): Marsanova Victoria Mikhaylovna,Albegova Irina Fedorovna,I.G. Melnikova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2014

We study the social everyday life of families of officials of provinces of the Upper Volga region at the beginning of the XIX century. The analysis of the social origin of officials and their wives. Methods are disclosed explore future spouses. The factors that influenced the decision to establish the family as a man and a woman. Analyzed the age of marriage. The composition of the families of provincial officials. We describe the role and place of women in the family 's provincial officials, their family practices.

Роль женщин в формировании гражданского общества в российской провинции в начале ХХ В. (на примере г. Иваново-Вознесенска)

Author(s): E.B. Kirill / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2014

The women’s activity in non-political organizations in the early ХХ c. is considered with regard to Ivanovo Voznesensk. The author pays attention to the social work of women from the local intelligentsia and wives of textile manufacturers in charitable society. The conclusion is made that women were more active in subsidiary, medical and moral educational organizations.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ГЕНДЕРНЫХ ИЗМЕНЕНИЙ НА ВЕРШИНЕ ВЛАСТИ В ЮЖНО-АФРИКАНСКОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКЕ

Author(s): Lyubov Yaroslavovna Prokopenko / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2016

The modern political development in the Republic of South Africa, in particular the institution of the presidency and the prospects for top gender changes are discussed. Chances for the appearance of a woman at the top of the power pyramid in South Africa were first examined in the mid-2000s during the preparations for the next African National Congress convention. According to some claims, the then President of South Africa and ANC President Thabo Mbeki in the event of his victory at the congress in 2007 planned to put forward Nkosazana Dlamini Zuma, Minister of Foreign Affairs, ex wife of the current president of South Africa Jacob Zuma for presidency.The struggle of female politicians for the presidency and increased chances of gender changes in connection with the strengthening in the end of 2000s of the opposition party Democratic Alliance led by Helen Zille are shown. In the parliamentary elections held on May 7, 2014 the DA party was the main rival of the ruling ANC while Ms Zille became the first female candidate for presidency and the leading rival of the incumbent president J. Zuma.

«ПОЛОЖЕНИЕ ЕЕ ДОВОЛЬНО СНОСНО…»: ВЗГЛЯДЫ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЕЙ ВТОРОЙ ПОЛОВИНЫ ХІХ — НАЧАЛА XХ в. НА ПОЛОЖЕНИЕ ЖЕНЩИНЫ В ТРАДИЦИОННОМ ОБЩЕСТВЕ (НА ПРМЕРЕ БАШКИР)

Author(s): Rima Nugamanovna Suleimanova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2016

The article, based on the analysis of the fundamental scientific work of the famous Russian ethnographer S. I. Rudenko “The Bashkirs. A case of ethnological monograph” (the second part was published in 1925), considers the status of women in traditional Bashkir society. Shown are the attitude of S. I. Rudenko and other Russian researchers of the second half of XIX — early XX c. to the social status of women of the Muslim peoples of Russia. On the basis of the detailed analysis of works of Russian scientists and researchers, S. I. Rudenko comes to the conclusions about the status of women in traditional Bashkir society: it was better, than position of women of other peoples of Russia — both Christian and Muslim.

Transmediality in Italy in the Fascist Era: Soundscape and Transmedia Resonances

Author(s): Paola Valentini / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2016

Italy in the thirties is the focus of a complex system of media convergences, in which sound plays a leading role. Starting from 1924 (the year of foundation of the system of public radio broadcasting in Italy), and 1930 (when viewers were able to see the Crst “Talkies”), the Italian media developed an extensive network of technological convergences, economic connections, aesthetic resonances, and, generally speaking, cross -media practices.The flow of content across multiple sound media during the Fascist era creates a Guid distinction between “convergence culture” and “consumer culture” (Freeman, 2014: 3-4). It sheds new light on the transition from an economics of industrial production to an economics of industrialised consumption (Lacey2001:21-22), as well as on the growth of an industrial mass culture. Yet, not only does this consist of textual synergies and business relationships, in part already investigated, but it gives rise also to a specific dimension that, albeit for a limited period of time, also changes the texture of the sound itself (mechanical and recorded as actually perceived at the time), and its relationship with the image and the real world, making it the place of a marked transmediality.

Publicystki lwowskiej „Awangardy” o „sprawach teatru, kina i radia”

Author(s): Małgorzata Radkiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 04/2015

In my article I present results of my research that has been done within the “pioneers with a camera” project, financed by the National Science Centre. The main goal of the article is to show women’s involvement in the film culture of Lviv in 1930s, embodied in the Film Club “Awangarda”. As active members of the “film society” consisted of film critics and researchers, but also artists and filmmakers, women were authors of numerous articles published in the “Awangarda” magazine on – as the title explained – the issue of cinema, radio and theatre”. The combination of research perspectives, including women’s studies and film studies, allowed me to examine archival press materials in terms of women’s creativity and emancipation, understood as openness for new technologies, and participation in visual culture, both as consumers and creators. What makes the Galician context important is the fact that that was the part of Poland where the first Polish cinematoscopes arrived and then developed at the highest rate, especially in Cracow and Lviv. My article and the project as a whole are particularly focused on women’s participation in the development of Polish cinema from the perspectives of film studies, history, culture and anthropology.

John Zorn. Jak być żydowskim postmodernistą (albo postmodernistycznym Żydem)?

Author(s): Michal Wandzilak,Mariusz Czubaj / Language(s): Polish Issue: 03/2015

Being one of the most prominent figures of the New York avant-garde scene since the early 1980s of the 20th century – John Zorn is almost nonexistent in the Polish musical studies. Moreover, even though his art is densely packed with the dilemmas of the contemporary culture, Zorn’s music seems to be unnoticed neither by the anthropology nor by the cultural studies. Style-wise, due to the theory of the Jonathan Kramer and other notable music theorists, John Zorn’s music should be classified as connected to the postmodern movement. In his early works Zorn explores different musical contexts: the concept of “high” and “low” styles, structural unity, eclecticism, popular culture, etc. But dated from the release of the album, titled Kristallnacht, the next period of Zorn‘s musical activity is deeply involved in search for the Jewish identity in music and therefore rerouted to the new political religious social and traditional context. In short, John Zorn through his music is questioning the fundamental issues of contemporary culture: its identity, existence and tradition.

Żydowska Warszawa w obrazkach. Komiksowa antologia Złote pszczoły jako przykład kultury historycznej

Author(s): Gaweł Janik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 03/2015

The following article aims to show places where pop culture merges with Jewish tradition on the example of comic books. The author tries not only to reconstruct the evolution of the genre and its changing reception but also to show the history of comic books which introduce Jews as their main characters. The emphasis is put on comics about the Holocaust and superheroes which have actually become a separate category of graphic stories. The author uses as an example the Polish comic anthology - Złote pszczoły, which is one of the rare examples concerning the comic art about Jews and which has been incorporated into the cultural heritage and rescue history. The article draws attention to the fact that this is and institutional comic in which animal symbols have an important meaning and the Holocaust is not mentioned by its name at all, which seems to be done on purpose.

Śledztwo w osnowie stereotypu, legendy i przemilczenia, Wątki żydowskie w polskich współczesnych powieściach sensacyjnych

Author(s): Robert Więckowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 03/2015

The authors of contemporary Polish crime stories frequently use the threads connected with the history of Polish-Jewish relationships, which are full of stereotypes, legends and concealments. This arouses the authors’ interest and makes them write the most intriguing novels. In my article I analyze such solutions used by three Polish crime story authors in some of their novels. The critical assessment concerns both the ways of coping with the stereotypes and the significance, which, in social perception, may be attributed to the fact of working out in crime stories the legends and concealments from Polish-Jewish history.

Żydowskie dziedzictwo. Uwagi o sagach współczesnych

Author(s): Marta Tomczok / Language(s): Polish Issue: 03/2015

In the article I pay attention to the contemporarily increasing importance of the family saga in the Polish Jewish studies. I propose the reading of the prose of Bronisław Wildstein (Czas niedokonany), Ałbena Grabowska (Stulecie Winnych), Ben Elton (Two Brothers) and Karina Schaapman (The Mouse Mansion. Sam and Julia). The 20th c. history of the European Jews present in these books usually focuses on several key pictures/moments/situations, that is: pre-war pogroms, the Shoah, and – only in the Polish version – żydokomuna [“Judeo-Communism”] and March 1968. I demonstrate their influence on pop-cultural narration through the analysis of Czas niedokonany in particular. In this story the inheritance of trauma, significant for the narration of the Second Generation, gains a supplement in the form of the inheritance of the Jewish capital, post-war Jewish careers and professional advancement. The article is an introduction to the profound study on the newest pop-cultural story tackling the subject of Jewishness; it also indicates the necessity of extracting from a large group of Polish, noble and post-noble family sagas the storylines centered on Jewish culture, based on a different ideology and distinct myths.

Co kultura popularna zrobiła z Żydem Wiecznym Tułaczem? Współczesne renarracje legendy o Ahaswerze.

Author(s): Szymon Makuch / Language(s): Polish Issue: 03/2015

The main purpose of the article is an analysis of the ways of existence of the Wandering Jew character in contemporary culture. Considerations include literary texts, movies, comic books and computer games. In the 20th and 21th century this motif is still present in pop culture, and the apocrypha is very interesting material for many reinterpretations and renarrations. The analysis is based on two types of narration – “biblical” and “non biblical.” The first group includes works where the Wandering Jew participates in the suffering of Jesus and has a possible impact on the course of events. The second group includes works where the Wandering Jew does not participate in life and death of Jesus; however, characters have his name or there are references to the legend.

Docudrama czyli świadkowanie między trudnymi i łatwymi przyjemnościami

Author(s): Wiesław Godzic / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2015

The goal is to explain the importance of docudrama for Polish spectators. It could be said that after years of rejection docudrama (when docusoaps and reality shows dominated) the 67 programmers turned back to this genre. Author advocates for Polish docudrama as a very important genre in Poland due to its proximity to film documentary tradition and its ideology. Author produces a series of close analyses of different recent 67 productions dealing with representation of history. In Warsaw Uprising (2013) reality has been, so to speak, glued together and colourised in order to make it attractive. Serial docudrama Time of Honor (2008-2014) describes as well as rewrites episodes from the BBCC. It is a dramatized story of real historical events pretends to be docudrama. On the other hand Great Escapes (2005-2006) series attracted large audiences and demonstrated an efficient and original use of the language of television.

КОНЦЕПТУАЛИЗАЦИЯ МЕСТНОГРАФИЗМА ГРАДОВЕДЧЕСКОГО НАСЛЕДИЯ В.Г. КОРОЛЕНКО

Author(s): Nataliya Nikolaevna Zakirova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2016

The life of V.G. Korolenko was connected with different regions of Russia. His artistic, journalistic, and epistolary heritage reflects his impression from visits to the capital, central cities, and provincial towns. The paper reviews manifestations of the imagery in “urban texts” of the local author from the point of social and literary discourse. V.G. Korolenko is characterized as a “genius of locality”, who artistically created detailed “portraits” and sketches of St. Petersburg, Moscow, Glazov, Simbirsk, and Poltava. The writer also expressed his own view on various toposes of the Volga Region in literature: Nizhny Novgorod, Pavlovo, Gorodets, and Arzamas (“God’s town”). V.G. Korolenko’s literary works devoted to urban description are analyzed using the comparative approach rather than separately: by contrast with the understanding of loci in folklore, as well as works of other writers (I.A. Goncharov, N.N. Zlatovratskii, L.N. Tolstoi, and P.I. Melnikov-Pecherskii) and regional ethnographers (N.P. Antsiferov, S.N. Durylin, N.E. Mednis, etc.). Biographical, sociological, historic-cultural, and linguistic methods are used in the paper for analysis of the author’s literary works in the local aspect.

Balancing Act: Identity and Otherness among Latin American Immigrants and their Food Practices

Author(s): Paulette K. Schuster / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

This article deals with the identity construction of Latin American immigrants in Israel through their food practices. Food is a basic symbolic element connecting cultural perceptions and experiences. For immigrants, food is also an important element in the maintenance of personal ties with their home countries and a cohesive factor in the construction of a new identity in Israel, their adopted homeland. Food practices encode tacit information and non-verbal cues that are integral parts of an individual’s relationship with different social groups. In this case, I recruited participants from an online group formed within social media platforms of Latin American women living in Israel. The basic assumption of this study posits that certain communication systems are set in motion around food events in various social contexts pertaining to different national or local cuisines and culinary customs. Their meaning, significance and modifications and how they are framed. This article focuses on the adaptation and acculturation processes because it is at that point that immigrants are faced with an interesting duality of reconstructing their unique cultural perceptions to either fit the existing national collective ethos or create a new reality. In this study, the main objective is to compare two different immigrant groups: Jewish and non-Jewish women from Latin America who came to Israel during the last ten years. The comparative nature of the research revealed marked differences between ethnic, religious and cultural elements that reflect coping strategies manifested in the cultural production of food and its representation in two distinct domains: private and public. In the former, it is illustrated within the family and home and how they connect or clash with the latter in the form of consumption in public. Combining cultural studies and discourse analysis, this article offers fresh insight into new models of food practices and reproductions. The article’s contribution to new food research lies in its ability to shed light on how inter-generational and inter-religious discourses are melded while food practices and traditions are embedded in a new Israeli identity.