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Philippe de Commynes, veliki pisac ≫Memoara≪, želio je u XV. stoljeću pokazati ovim riječima da je dioba svijeta na države i narode Božja volja kako bi se osigurala politička ravnoteža u Europi. Povjesničar Commynes referirao se na Europu i slobodno upotrebljavao njezino ime. Uostalom, objasnio je, o Europi govori jer je poznaje.
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The article examines the concept of the political, and it’s relationship to the Late Soviet Socialism, adressed in the Sovietology oeuvre of Proffesor Alexei Yurchak. The question is raised whether the claim about inner paradoxes of the late Soviet system as a single discursive formation can be substantiated without addressing the probability of more fundamental discursive divisions, splits and multiplicities structuring life of the post-Stalinist epoch. The critical analysis of such concepts as „authoritative discourse“ and discursive „performative shift“ reveals contradictions of author‘s conceptual attempt to explain the legitimacy of the late Soviet system, as well as elucidates why the issue of the Soviet as the political remains suspended in the analytical shema of Yurchak.
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This article is aimed at revealing structural characteristics of blat networks during late soviet period in Lithuanian society. Blat is understood as a form of informal exchange particular for Soviet society. It was oriented at satisfaction of needs of personal consumption and it reorganized state system of distribution of material resources. The article starts from brief review of institutional conditions that facilitated formation and spread of blat exchange and defines consequences of blat for functioning of Soviet system. The article goes on presenting results of the data analysis of representative survey of Lithuanian population conducted in 2014. It is concluded that during Late Soviet period blat networks in Lithuanian society mainly consisted of strong ties, however, material well-being of individuals was associated with their abilities to use not only strong, but also weak ties. Data analysis also reveal that blat practices were frequently misrecognized as such by those who used them.
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Review of: Vaidutis Laurėnas- Lietuva kaip problema: filosofiniai istoriniai politikos tyrinėjimai. (Vilnius: Tyto alba, 2014 m.), Alvydas Jokubaitis , Raimundas Lopata. Knygą sudaro vienuolika straipsnių, taip pat pratarmė, įvadas ir pabaigos žodis. Bet recenzijai pasirinkau labiau apibendrintą – trinarę – šioje knygoje nagrinėjamos problematikos struktūrą. Tai: 1) politikos mokslo ir sociologijos kritika („alternatyvos politikos sociologijai ieškojimas“), ir istorijos mokslo bei filosofijos išskirtinių pažintinių galimybių tiriant dabarties politiką teigimas; 2) Lietuvos tautinės valstybės kilmės ir raidos filosofinė istorinė projekcija į dabartį; 3) Lietuvos Respublikos prezidentų, A. Brazausko ir V. Adamkaus, ir Aukščiausios Tarybos (Atkuriamojo Seimo) Pirmininko V. Landsbergio istorijos sampratų įasmenintas politinis veiksmingumas.
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Cilj moje rasprave o temi političkih religija u Jugoslaviji i nakon nje, s dodatnim osvrtom na pojam kulta vođe i nacionalni utopizam, jeste razmotriti jednu zanemarenu mogućnost tumačenja Titovog režima i, osobito, preživljavanja njegovog kulta kako bi se izgradio sociološki model za različite izvore njegovog dugoročnog legitimiteta.
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The first thing coming to our mind when say colonialism is exploiting the other state or community setting up domination on them with clear and secret way. Colonialism and imperialism is always used each other’s position; the concept of imperialism generally is explained with the spreader activity which is coming from the half of 19th century. The desire of getting beauties and riches has also continued after imperialist period with the sensation of being dominant and adventurous starting with big state’s geographical discovery movement. This article describes the development of the history of colonialism and colonization of the Russian Central Asia and the Caucasus focused on policy.
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From our writings one should not reach to conclusion that we are against thoughts (ideologies) and we are defending the notion of ideologies are collapsed. Every person with some degree of knowledge, who reads and writes would certainly develop a thought system of her own, and she should. But the Gödel Theory shown that any single line of thinking is not able to summarize final and ultimate truth. And thus revealed the humanity would not stop at a final destination but would always accumulate knowledge throughout the future which would create new questions and searching for answers to them continuously, in the process developing new thinkings and evolve.
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Article is about Armenian history in 20th century. Author concentrate on main subject: Armenian Genocide between 1915 and 1920 in Turkey; Armenians trouble in USSR; Armenian minority in Lebanon, France, USA, Poland and Turkey; Armenian Independence.
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Gothic fiction in Argentina, represented by such famous authors as Borges, Cortazar, Bioy Casares or Silvina Ocampo has its followers in the 21st century. In our paper, we present one of the contemporary authors, Pablo De Santis, born in Buenos Aires in 1963. His novel “Los Anticuarios” (“The Antiquarian”) is about vampirism in the Buenos Aires of the 1950s. Following the tradition of Gothic literature, the main character is involved in the lugubrious story of vampires known as the antiquarians. Although these long‑lived creatures have adapted to living in our times, they must still feed on blood. However, they prefer a substitute in the form of an elixir which allows them to dominate their victims’ minds. Besides, being victims of unrequited love themselves, just like classic vampires, they have a predilection for female blood.
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The article contains a synthetic look at the issue of film censorship, taking into account its various forms. The author combines the perspective of a contemporary synchronous with the diachronic perspective, dating back to the distant origins of cinema and film making, in conjunction with politics and ideology.
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The paper is presenting the examination of the cyberwarfare phenomenon in its legal context. The cyberattacks are increasingly effective measures of modern combat and would probably become the most crucial dimension of forthcoming armed conflict. The role of the international humanitarian law is to determine whenever the cyberattack is reaching the threshold of an armed conflict. The aim of the article is to present the existing framework of ius in bello in terms of its temporal scope of applicability, especially in the light of the Tallinn Manual on the International Law Applicable to Cyber Warfare. It supported conclusion that the international law requires an revision of the armed conflict definition to sufficiently addressed the challenges arising from growing cyber activity.
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This paper examines the role of the public and its regulation in the Croatian parliamentary law within the formative period of establishing state institutions and law from 1947 to 1953. In trying to determine what is meant by the term public, the author uses etymological and historical approach, exposes the main theoretical concepts and takes a brief look at the socio-political context in the period under review. After that, the author gives a normative analysis of the relevant provisions of the Rules of Procedure of the Parliament of the People’s Republic of Croatia dating from 1947 and 1951, outlines the provisions of the following Rules of Procedures to give an overview of the gradual forming of regulation of the public to the present day. Finally, in giving his concluding observations the author confirms his hypothesis that the public in the reviewed period of the Croatian parliamentary law did not have any significant role; it was reduced only to the meaning of audience, without any possibility of direct influence on the decisions in legislative or norm-making process, while the outcome of the use of available procedural instruments (opinions, requests, complaints and petitions) was entirely dependent on the will of the competent committee or parliament.
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The transitional epoch from the period of the Middle Republic to the Late Republic (centered on the year of the plebeian tribune Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, 133 BC) abounded with social and democratic movements.Some of these movements acquired very radical forms. One such movement was led by Aristonicus, who claimed the crown of the Pergamon kingdom. He gathered those who wanted to change the social order and establishment. In the ϐirst part of the article about Aristonicus and his„Sun State”, original epigraphic and literary sources are discussed.
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The war in Ukraine has had enormous media coverage in the West, generating a wide-ranging debate concerning its origins, responsibilities, and consequences. The debate in the media raises an interesting question seldom explored in the study of nations and nationalism, specifically, the scarce incidence or penetration by expert knowledge into the theories of common sense and profane knowledge. In fact, despite the current consolidation in the scientific literature of the constructionist and modernist paradigm – of a sociological nature – other visions and interpretations of the past continue to be widely accepted and popularized beyond academia. This article analyzes the weight and influence of psychology, psychiatry, and psychoanalysis in the social representation of nationalism. The persistence of psychopathological language in the profane interpretation of the conflict is explored using the discourse of the press and, in particular, the opinion columns published in various Western countries during the first weeks of the war. The article shows that the criticism and denunciation of nationalism are still being formulated nowadays with the voices of psychology and psychiatry, the psychodynamic vision of the authoritarian, and the vulgarized portrayal of Adolf Hitler.
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The Iron Curtain, a symbol of the Cold War, divided Europe and left a lasting impact on millions of lives. This article explores various memorials and museums that commemorate the Iron Curtain's history and its victims. Notable sites include the German-German Museum in Mödlareuth, the Marienborn border crossing, and the Freedom Trail in Mikulov. These locations serve as reminders of the division and the personal tragedies that occurred. The article also highlights lesser-known memorials, such as the one dedicated to František Faktor, who died attempting to escape Czechoslovakia. Through these memorials, visitors are encouraged to reflect on the value of freedom and the dangers of totalitarianism. The preservation of these sites ensures that the history and lessons of the Iron Curtain are not forgotten.
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This article discusses the development of the political values of equality and justice in Enlightenment philosophy, focusing on two of its most prominent representatives, John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
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The unfold of the history of political doctrines underlines the existence of two antithetic human conditions, namely the state of nature and political society. Political philosophers expressed different views about the features of the state of nature and the consequent birth of political society. In this frame, Hobbes and Rousseau contributed enormously to the development of the debate. Through the analysis of the two authors’ primary sources, I attempt to compare the conflicting visions of Hobbes and Rousseau around the state of nature and political society but also to highlight some noticeable, somewhat neglected similarities. I argue that, while Hobbes and Rousseau expressed clear contrasting views on the human conditions in the state of nature and on the need for consociating in political society, they also shared five main assumptions, that is a common contractualistic vision of the origin of the state, the possibility of living in the state of nature, the condition of human equality in the state of nature, the convergence of the will of the state and the will of the people, and the mutual skepticism towards representative democratic forms of government.
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In the second part of Surah Al-Baqarah, we learn about the successful model of governance, one that has passed the test of good leadership with precision. This model is exemplified by Ibrahim (peace be upon him), who fulfilled his duties in the best possible way, earning the right to become a leader for humanity. The early Muslim community, particularly the first generation, served as an exemplary model for governance because they responded to the call of Allah, the Exalted, saying: "We listened and we obeyed. "Islam offers a comprehensive framework for the regulation of society, covering areas such as criminal law, worship, inheritance, and economic and financial systems aimed at development, rather than merely increasing profit. Surah Al-Baqarah teaches that achieving success in governance requires adherence to a set of obligations and prohibitions. These directives are closely tied to three key principles: 1) obedience to Allah, 2) distinction from others, and 3) piety.
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This piece deliberates on Rola El-Husseini’s contribution to contemporary debates on double standards and dissonance at the intersection of women’s rights and religious freedom in the Global North by highlighting similar performative contradictions of the past. In exercising thinking through current dilemmas with Mark Twain’s commentary on non-dyadic marriages in the Ottoman Empire and the United States, this reaction suggests that across time and space, whoever the manufactured “other” may be, the processes and mechanisms of inclusion and exclusion generally favor the interests of those who hold and seek to maintain the greatest martial, economic, and political power.
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Tematem artykułu jest ukazanie, jakie skutki polityczne pociągały za sobą wyobcowania i wykluczenia członków dynastii Piastów. Koncentruje się on na przedstawieniu traktowania dzieci z wcześniejszych małżeństw przez ojców oraz przez macochy. Prezentuje znaczenie wyobcowań i wykluczeń młodych dynastów dla losów średniowiecznego państwa.
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