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Изследването на религията: философски парадигми и социологически подходи

Author(s): Nonka Bogomilova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 6/2016

The article describes, analyses and comments on the influence upon the sociology of religion of some post-modern philosophical paradigms outlined by the Canadian sociologist Roberto Miguelez. The Rationality Paradigm and its projections on modern sociological approaches to religion are emphasized. The contemporary research trends and debates that problematize and support the domination of the Rationality Paradigm over sociological interpretations and definitions of religion are outlined. The author analyses three post-modern philosophical paradigms which oppose this domination, and their influence on contemporary sociology of religion. The article offers a critique of the instrumental model of rationality.

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Duhovnost i tranzicija

Author(s): Vuk Stambolović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/2001

Spirituality is developmental category manifesting itself in eight consecutive levels of psycho-social existence. Transition is a process of crossing from one to another level of psycho-social existence, i. e. from one to another type of spirituality. In Serbia, center of gravitation of spirituality is at the third level, i.e. at the egocentric level of psychosocial existence. Optimally, within ongoing transition, elements of fourth level should be developed. The spirituality of Serbian Orthodox Church is a serious obstacle to this development. Being somewhere between the third and fourth level of psycho-social existence, and including a strong fixation for the second level, it is blocking basic conditions of transitional processes. For the successful development of transition unambiguous and full secularization would be required.

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THE RELIGIOUS TRENDS IN THE MACEDONIAN SOCIETY

Author(s): Ružica Cacanovska / Language(s): English,Macedonian Issue: 1/2007

The post-communist period marks the development of the process of revitalization of religion. It underlines its own specific qualities through the personal religious identification, the religious prac-tice and the religious (knowledge) education. The personal religious identification is distributed through numerous religious congregations. The national entity appropriately colorizes the religious identification. The religious practice develops through pragmatic practice of the religious customs and traditions which accompany the major religious celebrations.

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Odnos prema pravoslavnim crkvama u Slavonskoj eparhiji u vrijeme socijalizma (1945.-1990.)

Author(s): Filip Škiljan / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 4/2019

Based on material from the Croatian National Archives, the author presents data on neglect and non-renewal of Serbian Orthodox churches in the Slavonic diocese (Donji Miholjac, Našice, Pozega, Orahovic, Slatina, Virovitica, Pakrac, Slavonski Brod, Nova Gradiska, Novska, Djakovo) in the time of socialism. The author concludes from a text created on the basis of original archival material from the Croatian State Archives (Commission for Relations with Religious Communities of NR / SR Croatia, fund no. 310) that some of the churches that were severely damaged in the Second World War by the Ustasha and the Germans, the communist authorities and the locals did not rebuild after World War II. In the post-war period, there were also many cases where local authorities made it difficult to rebuild certain buildings despite the fact that the Slavonic diocese was able to raise funds for their reconstruction. The author also deals with the relationship of local authorities to Orthodox priests in the Slavonic diocese.

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Army 777: Gospel in(sub)culturized

Author(s): Benas Ulevičius / Language(s): English Issue: 74/2020

In this article the Lithuanian movement Army 777 is presented and analyzed. The movement unites Christian members of various “youth subcultures” (metal fans, goths, punks, bikers and the like). The movement has no formal leadership, and is based entirely on non-formal participation of members in Army 777 internet spaces, and associating themselves with ideas and symbols of the movement. The article presents main ideas of the movement and their visual representations, interpreting them in the context. Two main contextual fields for this Christian movement are indicated, namely – the situation of Christian youth during the Soviet times, and the reality of Western youth subcultures. The former created an urgent need for a translation of Christianity into more youth-like language and imagery, the latter provided visual and musical elements for Army 777. Thus in the movement subcultural elements (often stereotypically understood as having anti-Christian meaning) serve as genuine means of expression for the Christian values and views. In this way Army 777 is not just a paradox, but also a meeting space, where Christianity is in-sub-culturized, and subcultures are Christianized.

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Wiadomości ks. Juozasa (Józefa) Sabasa (1868–1926) o Turkiestanie i parafii taszkienckiej 1903 r.

Author(s): Dmitriy Panto,Viktor Bilotas / Language(s): Polish Issue: 74/2020

In 1903, during the treatment course in Tashkent, Rev. Juozas Sabas (1868–1926) from Seinai Diocese wrote review about the catholic life in Middle Asia “Turkiestan – Polacy i Litwini w Taszkiencie“ (“Turkestan – Poles and Lithuanians in Tashkent”). It is a rare narrative source about Catholic Church in this region. This review by Rev. J. Sabas was published in Polish press in 1903. Here it is being published with added critical scientific notation and a wide article based on the latest historical research of Tashkent parish. This valuable source is an aid to learn more about the work and life of Catholics and their pastors in this region.

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ARTYKUŁ RECENZYJNY: BRIAN LEITER, WHY TOLERATE RELIGION?

Author(s): Grzegorz Maroń / Language(s): Polish Issue: 25/2019

Review of: Grzegorz Maroń - BRIAN LEITER, WHY TOLERATE RELIGION?, PRINCETON, PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS, 2013, SS. 187

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Historyczno-aksjologiczny kontekst relacji demokracja – Kościół. Stanowisko George’a Weigla

Author(s): Karol Jasiński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 56/2019

The author of the paper focused on the analysis of the relationship between a democratic state and the Church. The point of reference are the views of the American intellectual George Weigel. The paper has two parts. The first one draws attention to the sources (its Christian roots) and contemporary problems of the democratic system in Europe (postulate of moral revolution in the face of a crisis manifested in wrong humanity, Christophobia, disappearance of the spiritual dimension, historical amnesia, proceduralism and exclusive humanism). In the second one, the desirable place and role of the Church in the contemporary democratic state is shown (separation of the Church from state institutions and direct political activity, preservation of one’s own identity, shaping the morality of man and society, active participation in creating a civil society).

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Partidul Evreiesc din România în arena politică a țării (1931-1936)

Author(s): Lya Benjamin / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3 (19)/2018

This article presents the main documents issued by the Jewish Party of Romania, from the moment of its establishment (1931) until 1936. They show the general policy of the party, i.e. its programmatic claims for collective emancipation, for equal rights to all citizens of the country. In general, these documents were published in the press of the time and in brochures edited by the Party. Unlike the Union of Romanian Jews, the Jewish Party was a national political organization that campaigned for the recognition of the national minority status for Romanian Jews.

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Współczesna polityka Chin wobec religii

Author(s): Małgorzata Religa / Language(s): Polish Issue: 9/2020

The last forty years of Reform and Opening Up in China have brought many changes and corrections in the policies of the Chinese state towards religion. Those policies were incorporated into the overall state policy and recognised as an important part of the Party’s work. The theoretical basis for the state religious policy is the so-called “theory of religion with Chinese characteristics”. In 2015, Xi Jinping for the first time stated the need for “persisting in the Sinicisation of religion”. His particular understanding of “Sinicisation” applies not only to the foreign religions such as Islam or Christianity, but to indigenous Daoism as well, which implies that, in the modern official parlance of the PRC, the term “Sinicisation of religion” has a new meaning, different from the more traditional understandings of the word. In fact, it has been translated in English-language publications as the “Chinafication of religion”; an even more appropriate translation, however, would be the “PRC-isation of religion”, as the afore-mentioned “Sinicisation” most of all means obedience to the CCP’s rule and “adaptation to the needs of the socialist society”. This article outlines the evolution of the theory of religion with Chinese characteristics as it is understood and presented in official publications, and attempts to analyse the scope of the prescribed “Sinicisation of religion” in modern China.

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National-European Theology: The Polish Catholic Hierarchy’s Narrative of a Christian Europe

Author(s): Natalie Smolenski / Language(s): English Issue: 03/2016

An influential contingent of Catholic clergy in Poland reacted to Poland’s entry into the European Union by developing a narrative positing the Catholic foundation and ownership of Europe and all its constituent “nations.” This narrative, which I call national-European theology, identifies the Catholic Church as the progenitor of both European and Polish existence and guarantor of their continuity of identity. In this way, it remedies some Catholics’ anxieties about both the integrity of Poland’s national sovereignty and the allegedly secularizing and liberalizing cultural influence of other EU member countries. I argue that national-European theology can be fruitfully conceived as a hereditary ownership narrative, framed by moments of spiritual foundation and subsequent inheritance from spiritual founders, and that this narrative structure characterizes both nationalism writ large and Europeanization as an analogous modern identitarian project. I suggest that taking heredity as a lens through which to understand nationalism and its attendant notions of legitimation allows us to move past debates about the “content” of nationalist claims (ethnic, religious, linguistic, etc.) and toward the mechanism by which group reproduction is culturally defined and sanctioned. To do this, I first sketch a theory of nationalism as a hereditary ownership narrative, drawing upon the Polish case, and liken it to the “Europe-building” project of the EU. Second, I present a brief historical outline of Poland’s accession to the EU and the anxieties generated thereby. Finally, I turn to the rhetoric of the Polish clergy who best represent the national-European current in contemporary Catholic political theology.

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Impact of the “Holy Crash” on Trust in the Church in Slovenia

Author(s): Marjan Smrke / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2014

The 2011 Slovene Public Opinion Survey and World Values Survey have determined that trust in the Roman Catholic Church in Slovenia has fallen to an all-time low in the post-independence era: only 25 percent of Slovenes expressed a great deal or quite a lot of confidence in the Church. This article considers how the Church’s social power has been impacted by the so-called Holy Crash, namely, the 2010 collapse of the Archdiocese of Maribor’s financial empire and its investments and interests in various enterprises controlled through its Gospodarstvo Rast financial management company. Revealed is the fact that, in recent years, trust has been eroded most in the Podravje (Drava) and Koroška (Carinthia) regions of Slovenia, both of which lie within the Maribor archdiocese. This decline supports the central hypothesis that the scandal and secrecy surrounding the collapse have negatively impacted trust in the Roman Catholic Church.

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PITANJE KONAČNOG SUVERENITETA KROZ PRIZMU DVA KLASIČNA I DVA MODERNA TEFSIRA

Author(s): Ilma Delić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 81/2020

As opposed to democracy as a form of government wherein it is generally understood that the ultimate power belongs to people, we here have Islamic political system where the ultimate authority is actually affirmation of the sovereignty of God’s will. Thus the following question arises: are the principles of democracy opposed to the principles of the Sharia? This article offers a comparative view of interpretations of ayahs of the Qur’an containing the word hukm (judgement, verdict, authority, command, decree, decision) as seen in two classical and two modern interpretations of the Qur-an. It is the fiftieth ayah of the surah Al-Ma’idah - (Then is it the judgement of (the time) of ignorance they seek? And who is better than Allah in judgement for a people who are certain (in faith)? It is concluded that the democracy and pluralism in the Muslim world have their bases in religious principles and not on the bases of the principles of the late modern West. In practice this would imply that realisation of the principles of Islam is best attained in well-controlled separation of religious and political organs.

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Reinventing Islam, Sublating Modernity. A Conflict of Enlightenments

Author(s): Anoush Ganjipour / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The present paper aims to show how the return to Islam initially conceived by Muslim reformists has not been simply a conflictual reaction to the secular ideology sustaining modernity, but rather an effort to transform Islam into a religion within modernity. It argues that this return has in fact been a major paradigm shift within the theologico-political discourse of Islamic tradition and that it is this very shift that led to the reformation of this religion. In this perspective, this study shows how the reactivation of sharia by reformist thinkers did not mean a rejection of the Islamic intellectual tradition, but it was precisely the result of the encounter between this tradition and the modern social sciences. The paper then reconstructs the dialogue between Muslim reformists and 19th century European thinkers, dialogue which was crucial in shaping Islamic reformation. It shows to what extent reformed Islam was a response of Muslim reformers to the diagnosis of the project of modernity made by European reformist thinkers such as François Guizot or Auguste Comte. Through their confrontation, the paper develops a comparison between the theoretical backdrop of European modernity and the premises of Islamic reformation as two alternative conceptions of the enlightenment project. By discussing Kant, Foucault, Habermas and Koselleck’s thesis on the historical and philosophical roots of the European Enlightenment, this study ultimately seeks to understand in which way the theological structure of Islam has led the project of the Islamic Enlightenment in an analogous but fairly differentiated direction.

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RELIGIJA U SVJETLU TEORIJA O SEKULARIZACIJI

Author(s): Alma Džehverović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 13/2020

Theoretical insights in the field of sociology, as well as in any other humanities, often reflect ideologized aspects of human knowledge. Sociological reflections about religion are no exception. In this paper, taking that into account, I will try to point out on some of the methodological and theoretical problems of providing an unambiguous definition of religion with special reference to secularization theories. Absence of consensus in normative definition of religion is a consequence of varieties of theoretical conceptualizations about secularization and vice versa. It is shown that understanding religion and its role in the context of modernity is contingent upon our understanding of secularization. Inter alia, in this text I lay out three main perspectives of studying religion in the field of sociology of religion.

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ANDREW COPSON: SECULARISM: A VERY SHORT INTRODUCTION

Author(s): Alma Džehverović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 13/2020

Review of: Andrew Copson (2019): SECULARISM: A VERY SHORT INTRODUCTION (Oxford University Press, 160 str.)

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Mezinárodní vědecká konference Ekonomické aspekty štátno-cirkevných vzťahov, Trnava, září 2018

Author(s): Monika Menke / Language(s): Czech Issue: 74/2019

Ve dnech 20. až 21. září 2018 se na Právnické fakultě Trnavské univerzity v Trnavě konala mezinárodní vědecká konference Ekonomické aspekty štátno-cirkevných vzťahov, pořádaná Ústavem pro právní otázky náboženské svobody hostitelské fakulty (ÚPONS). Své příspěvky předneslo celkem osm přednášejících, mezi nimi i tři konfesionalisté z České republiky a několik členů Společnosti pro církevní právo.

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30. kongres Evropského konsorcia pro výzkum vztahu církve a státu, Certosa di Pontignano (Siena), listopad 2018

Author(s): Záboj Horák / Language(s): Czech Issue: 74/2019

Univerzita v toskánském městě Siena, založená roku 1240, hostila ve dnech 15. – 18. listopadu 2018 letošní mezinárodní konferenci uvedeného konsorcia. Konference se konala v malebném prostředí univerzitního zařízení, osamělé budovy bývalého kláštera Carthusia Pontiniani (Certosa di Pontignano), vzdáleného více než 5 km vzdušnou čarou od města. Téma konference znělo The Legal Status of Old and New Religious Minorities in the European Union.

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„Akce K“ aneb likvidace klášterů na území Československa v roce 1950

Author(s): Tomáš Tuza / Language(s): Czech Issue: 76/2019

The article describes the course of assault and liquidation of all male monasteries in Czechoslovakia in April 1950. This joint act of the National Security Corps, the State Secret Security and the Communist Party fighters, called People’s Militias, was referred to by the Communists as “Action K”. The author presents the broader context of this act, from intimidation of Church superiors and believers, death by torture of parish priest Josef Toufar, through monstrous trials with male religious superiors, to the ultimate elimination of the influence of orders on the society.

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Společné prohlášení ČBK, ERC a FŽO ke zdanění peněžitých náhrad církvím

Author(s): Dominik Duka,Daniel Ženatý,Petr Papoušek / Language(s): Czech Issue: 76/2019

Poslanecká sněmovna 23. dubna 2019 schválila zdanění peněžitých náhrad, které církve dostávají od státu za majetek nevydaný v restitucích i přes předchozí zamítnutí této novely Senátem. Změna zákona nejen že způsobí církvím vážné finanční obtíže, ale pro některé menší církve může být dokonce likvidační. Tato novela se nám jeví jako nemravná a je ve své podstatě protiústavní.

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