"Islam" u anti-multikulturnoj retorici političara i antropologa Zapadne Evrope: kongruencija ili koincidencija?

Author(s): Marko Pišev,Miloš Milenkovic / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 4/2013

The recent rhetoric of the "end" or "failure" of multiculturalism in Europe and beyond came as no surprise to anthropologists. Moreover, the statements made by leading politicians of key European economies seem as though they are based on the decades old anthropological critique of the consequences of the failed implementation of multicultural policies in Europe and on the global level. It is as though the messages we have been getting over the course of the last few years – that multicultural policies are contraindicated, that they weaken the contacts between cultures, rob individuals of the right to change and chose their identities and strengthen intra-cultural mediators of power, with patriarchy, violence against women and children, leaving school, religious fundamentalism and even terrorism as main consequences – are being read by politicians from anthropological analyses of abuses of collective "cultural" rights. The paper considers the nature of this similarity between the discourse of politicians and anthropologists with a special emphasis on the status of "Islam" in them, and discusses whether it is congruence or mere coincidence of stances toward minorities, immigrants and cultural differences, as toward the regulations which were tasked with protecting this diversity as a fundamental European value which today, at least at the rhetorical level, seems to be fading.

A kereszténydemokrácia történetéhez Magyarországon

Author(s): Jeno Gergely / Language(s): Hungarian / Publication Year: 0

A violence against women in Afghanistan after Taliban occupation – outline of the issue

Author(s): Katarzyna Sadowa / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2015

This publication deals with the current legal and social situation of women in Afghanistan. The author analyzes the process of formation of the legal position of Afghan women from the moment of the country’s liberation from under the Taliban occupation in 2001. She concentrates on indicating relevant legal regulations and guarantees, as well as – primarily – analyzes the degree of respecting them. Consequently, she discusses selected forms of violence against women which is persistently present on the territory of Afghanistan. The author elaborates on specific cultural phenomena and acts against fundamental women’s rights, such as baad, baadal, the so-called “honor” killings, and punishing women for running away. These points lead to the conclusion that the enacted laws are merely an empty shell and women’s situation is far from stable.

Access to Media for European Muslims

Author(s): Isabelle Rigoni / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Despite its rank as the second-largest religion in several European countries, Islam is facing severe resistance at both state and societal level. Certain conservative political and media discourses associate Islam with violence and fanaticism. For most Muslims, however, their religion is associated with notions of justice and democracy. The conflict between these two conceptualisations of Islam has reinforced defensive attitudes on both sides. While Muslim stereotypes have increased since 9/11, so have the voices in favour of civil liberties for Muslims in Europe. As is argued here, ethnic media (i.e. Muslim media) are playing a major role on both sides of the debate. These questions are of common concern to many EU member states and associated states and European institutions. They are based on three assumptions. Firstly, new information and communication technology (ICT) has reshaped the media scene, which is now accessible to increasing numbers of people, including exchanges between European countries and third countries. Secondly, the transnational mobilisations are increasingly influenced by ICT, which makes it possible for individuals to travel – both virtually and in reality – between several countries. Thirdly, the representation of the minority or marginalised groups, particularly in the case of Muslims, has become one of the key questions of European sociopolitical debate, and at the same time can be seen as a test for European democracy. I would like to propose a historical reading of the representation of Muslims and Islam in the media. It is a question of understanding how media discourse evolved as it did and how and when Muslims are portrayed in the media. Several questions can be raised: How do media technologies influence conditions within both the Muslim community and the mainstream? What are the consequences of national and EU policies for Muslim citizens and their media regarding their social and political inclusion? How do European Muslims aggregate interests in a more effective and efficient way via their own media? Do Muslim media advocate social inclusion or pursue narrow interests?

Aktivity nižšieho katolíckeho kléru zamerané na demokratizáciu a modernizáciu cirkvi v čase vzniku Československej republiky

Author(s): Peter Olekšak / Language(s): Slovak / Issue: 1/2015

The essay deals with an inquiry that was initiated by the Czech priest Bohuslav Zahradník-Brodský (1862 – 1939). This inquiry can be considered as an attempt to democratise the church in Czechoslovakia. Its character itself was a remarkable outflow of democracy put into action. Zahradník-Brodský's initiative followed the very ideas of Catholic Modernism that had been unexpectedly suppressed by the encyclical Pascendi Dominici of 1907. After a longer period of reticence, the reformative flow began to surface in a morphed shape. The most strident manifestation can be allotted to Zahradník-Brodský who was a member of a radical splinter group. The intention of his inquiry was to find out the priests' opinions on reforms within the church. His postulations highlighted the idea of an egalitarian system of material provision for the clergy and the inclusion of laymen into the administration of the church, as well as the election of bishops and the abolition of celibacy, monasteries and clerical apparel. The inquiry showed that his postulations had been supported by a huge part of the clergy. Reformation movements existed in the Czech region as well as in Slovakia. One of the representatives of the radical wing in Slovakia was Ferdinand Juriga (1874 – 1950) who was also an elected member of the parliament and who forged out of the clerical demands and postulations a political cause. After a failed meeting of the clergy in Žilina he laid them down in a political memorandum which he then forwarded to the Ministry for the Administration of Slovakia. This must be considered to a very high degree as a spontaneous reaction to the current situation, which especially has to be analysed within the context of an overall social upheaval. It needs to be stated that the Slovak radicals remained a small group in an ever-widening state of dissolution. In the Czech region the group of priests that refused to abandon their emancipatory activities decided to put their reformation program into action without respect for the position of the Holy See and the ecclesiastical hierarchy at home. This fact can probably be judged as a symbolic vanishing point of a timeline that starts within Catholic Modernism. It, however, had not been the goal, as defined by the realisation of an ideal, for which the majority of the reform minded clergy had set out.

Aktuelle Verbreitung Sowie Rechtliche und Politisch-Soziale Situationen, Bedingungen und Probleme der Aleviten, Bektaschi und Anderer Heterodox Beeinflusster Sufi-Orden in Südosteuropa

Author(s): Christoph Giesel / Language(s): German / Issue: 15/2017

The Islamic mystic and heterodox groups of the Alevites and Bektashi in Southeast Europe, which are partially characterised by Shiite elements, are idiosyncratic and divergent phenomena that have so far attracted little academic or public attention. They exist in the strongly Sunni environment that characterises Islam in the Balkans and have exerted a partial religious influence on some of the originally Sufi orders that can be found in the region. After the end of Ottoman rule, the Alevites and Bektashi experienced a particularly serious loss of significance and numeric decline. Since the 1990s, modest religious revival processes occurred amongst these groups. These, however, coincided and interacted with dynamic and ambivalent processes of further religious, cultural and socio-political marginalisation and assimilation (and entailed a corresponding loss of knowledge and significance). This paper sketches the contemporary condition of the remaining Alevites and Bektashi in the Southeast European states whilst occasionally mentioning other Sufi orders which are closely related to these groups. It describes and analyses the extraordinarily diverse and complicated legal, political and social situations, conditions and problems which they face in this region.

Alevi Gençliğinin Siyasi ve Sosyo-Kültürel Kimlik Mücadelesi I

Author(s): Fazilet Ahu Özmen / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 1/2011

With its different definitions, its pluralist structure and its contribution to the political, social and cultural space of Turkey, besides constituting an important factor; Alevism; is a often debated concept and a mobilization tool nowadays. Since the Ottoman period Alevism has a struggle of identity. Their marginalization in the Ottoman Empire as well as in the later periods of the Republic due to the characteristics of their belief system, their definition as the „other‟ by the opposition forces have caused great difficulties for Alevis. Because of the oppression they have experienced, they could not sufficiently express themselves and could not attain a cultural autonomy. However, with the transition to the multi-party system and migration flows from the country-sides to the cities, the situation has began to change and especially with the effect of the political activities of the mid-1960‟s, the Alevi community, especially the young generation has began to take its places in the society. Alevis that formed an important fraction of the 68 generation have adopted leftist orientations that formed the basis of their identity formation. This process has continued throughout the 1970‟s. But events between 1978-80 have once more deeply affected the Alevis and they once more retired into themselves. Besides observing the identity formation of the Alevi youth between 1968-80, this article also highlights the importance of their contributions to the political development and to the direction of this development in these periods.

Aleviler Ve Yeni Merkezileştirme Politikalari

Author(s): Nil Mutluer / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 2/2015

Historically, from Ottoman to the Republican era, Alevis have been subjected to centralization policies which ignored and sought to homogenize the diversity of faith within the Alevi community. Even though the era of AKP represents a turning point in that the Alevi community has been recognized by the government as a player in the political field for the first time, it does not represent a disruption in the historic continuity of centralization policies. Using field data gathered from in-depth interviews, this article examines the new form that the centralization policies took in the AKP era, as well as Alevis' responses to those policies, in three particular issue areas, namely the trans-mission of belief, the attempts to restructure the dedelik institution, and the granting of the status of official house of prayer to cemevi.

Ali drugog puta nema

Pluralnost Sarajeva između odgovorne i neodgovorne religioznosti

Author(s): Adnan Silajdžic / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 74-75/2016

Poznato je da Bosna i Hercegovina dugi niz godina prolazi kroz veoma ozbiljan proces društvenoga, političkoga, nacionalnoga i vjerskoga raslojavanja. U tom procesu, između mnogih drugih tema koje se tiču budućeg razvoja bosanskohercegovačkoga društva, pitanje pomirenja i tolerancije, odnosno međureligijskoga dijaloga zauzima najistaknutije mjesto. Zauzima, jer je, prema mom mišljenju, jedan od najvažnijih instrumenata vjerskog i nacionalnog pomirenja autentično poimanje i dosljedno provođenje načela vjerske slobode i tolerancije bez kojih nije moguće graditi niti i jedan drugi oblik tolerancije u našemu društvu. Reafirmiranjem načela tolerancije, kakvog poznaje tradicionalna religijska metafizika (lex aeterna – sveta predanja), stvorile bi se mogućnosti otklanjanja tragičnih posljedica rata i učvršćivanja mira na prostoru Bosne i Hercegovine, pa tako i u njenome glavnome gradu Sarajevu.

America Got Angry – The Radicalization of Political Discourse in the Contemporary U.S. on the Example of Donald Trump’s Rhetoric

Author(s): Malgorzata Furgacz / Language(s): English / Issue: XIII/2017

It is the intention of the following paper to delve into the problem of the progressing radicalization of the American political discourse from the perspective of linguistic, cultural and political studies. I will probe into the rhetorical coarseness and specious persuasive strategies of Donald Trump’s discourse, for he has taken the American political scene by storm. The issues related with popular entertainment, culture of the new anger, political correctness or hate speech, together with their social ramifications, will be taken into scrutiny. It remains beyond doubt that the quality of public and political debate has a tangible effect on the society as a whole, which is why it is necessary to understand rhetorical manifestations of the latest trends in public discourses as well as their aftereffects.

AMERIČKI MUSLIMANI NA RASPUĆU

Author(s): Senad Agic / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 17/2004

Following the tragic events of the September 11, a myriad of symposiums, conferences and round tables have been organized with the purpose of shedding some light onto the position American Muslims now find themselves in, while making the rest of Americans more aware of their existence. As all those academic gatherings emphasized, the September 11 attacks not only committed violence against the United States and dealt a severe blow to the entire American society, but, were, at the same time, intended to stigmatize and isolate American Muslims from the rest of American society. It has been no secret that American Muslims are pro-active, well-off, pious and - what’s particularly interesting – the most diversified American community, made up of 60 different ethnic groups with a variety of races, colors, cultures and languages.

Amerika, islam, Europa

Author(s): Drago Jancar / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 21/2016

Postoji razlika između odlučnih izjava europskih političara o potpori Americi i dijela javnog mnjijenja u njihovim državama, neobičan deja vu iz šezdesetih godina prošloga stoljeća. No, ako je onomad Sartre, nakon što su ga pozvali da predaje u SAD-u, uskliknuo ≫protiv Amerike se valja boriti, a ne joj predavati≪, njegov se ljevičarski ideološki antiamerikanizam ipak nekako mogao razumjeti u kontekstu vijetnamskog rata i aktivnih socijalističkih utopija.

Analogiczne poznanie Boga w ujęciu biskupa profesora Bohdana Bejze

Author(s): Kazimierz Kloskowski,Slawomir Czalej / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/1998

U końca XX w., w którym przewinęło się tyle zbrodniczych ideologii, mówienie o Bogu należy do spraw najważniejszych. Zarazem jednak, jak nigdy dotąd, szczególnie dobitnie brzmi powiedzenie św. Tomasza z Akwinu, że „trudne są sprawy poprawnej poznawalności Boga przez człowieka i dokonują się non nisi a paucis et post longum tempus et cum admixtione erroris (tylko przez nielicznych, po długim czasie i z domieszką błędów). Chociaż upadły nazizm i komunizm, to na ich miejsce weszło szereg innych ideologii i prądów myślowych i to zarówno tych ze Wschodu, jak i tych z Zachodu. Ideologia Wschodu bowiem ciągle jest obecna w umysłach ludzkich, w kilku pokoleniach inteligencji uformowanych na uniwersytetach o profilu marksistowskim.

Analysis and characterization of the security systems of the Republic of Poland and the Slovak Republic

Author(s): Petr Selinger,Tomasz Walek / Language(s): English / Issue: 22/2015

The publication was devoted to issues of safety systems of Poland and Slovakia. Article aims to discuss and description of the major elements, principles of operation of safety systems and identify the differences and similarities between the various systems. Article summary are the conclusions and observations about prescriptions for common actions in the field to ensure a high level of security.

Annex: Check-list of topics and questions for interviews & REFERENCES

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English,Arabic / Publication Year: 0

Antysemityzm czy antyjudaizm na amach miesi!cznika ,,Pro Christo” (1924–1939)?

Author(s): Arkadiusz Meller / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2009

Reflections over Jewish community in Poland were visible in Polish political thought of the first half of the 20th century. "Pro Christo” monthly, was one of the most important anti-Semitic magazines in interwar Poland, connected with Nation-al-Radical Movement "Falanga” and its leader Bolesław Piasecki, most significant editor-in-chief was roman-catholic priest Jerzy Pawski. "Pro Christo” was publishing articles criticizing Jews, editors were referring to "Protokoły Mędrców Syjonu”, repeating the stereotypical views on Jews, like their role in partitions of Poland, creating freemasonry and communism. The paper was trying to warn Polish nation against communist danger, connected with Jews, emphasizing that Jews should leave Poland. According to authors that emigration should be compulsory.

Arhidieceza Romano-Catolică de București între România Mare și Republica Populară Română (1918 -1948). Date statistice

Author(s): Marius Oan?a / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 57/2018

This study discusses the changes in the structure of the Roman-Catholic Archdiocese of Bucharest between 1918 and 1948; these changes affected both the religious life and the geographical borders imposed at the end of World War I, as well as the establishment of a new ecclesiastical province with its own bishopdoms – a situation that emerged because of the changes occurring in European states through international treaties. At the end of the Great War, it was imperative for Latin Catholic diocese boundaries to be reconsidered, all the more so since, after the war and the annexation of the historical territories, Greater Romania was born. As a result, parts of the Catholic ecclesiastical provinces which were under the jurisdiction of some archbishops in Hungary were then included in the Kingdom of Romania.

Around the Bloc: Bulgarian City Bans Islamic Veils

Author(s): TOL TOL / Language(s): English / Issue: 05/03/2016

In the same city, 14 Muslims are on trial for extremism and spreading religious hatred.

Around the Bloc: Czech President Ridicules UN Refugee Project

Author(s): TOL TOL / Language(s): English / Issue: 02/02/2016

Project aimed at teaching schoolchildren about refugees is ‘idiotic’ and ‘naive,’ says Milos Zeman, likening it to Bolshevik propaganda.

Around the Bloc: Czech Students Defend Muslim Classmate

Author(s): TOL TOL / Language(s): English / Issue: 04/26/2016

After school principal bombarded with anti-Islam messages, he and students stand behind girl originally from Yemen