"Islam" u anti-multikulturnoj retorici političara i antropologa Zapadne Evrope: kongruencija ili koincidencija?

Author(s): Marko Pišev,Miloš Milenković / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 4/2013

The recent rhetoric of the "end" or "failure" of multiculturalism in Europe and beyond came as no surprise to anthropologists. Moreover, the statements made by leading politicians of key European economies seem as though they are based on the decades old anthropological critique of the consequences of the failed implementation of multicultural policies in Europe and on the global level. It is as though the messages we have been getting over the course of the last few years – that multicultural policies are contraindicated, that they weaken the contacts between cultures, rob individuals of the right to change and chose their identities and strengthen intra-cultural mediators of power, with patriarchy, violence against women and children, leaving school, religious fundamentalism and even terrorism as main consequences – are being read by politicians from anthropological analyses of abuses of collective "cultural" rights. The paper considers the nature of this similarity between the discourse of politicians and anthropologists with a special emphasis on the status of "Islam" in them, and discusses whether it is congruence or mere coincidence of stances toward minorities, immigrants and cultural differences, as toward the regulations which were tasked with protecting this diversity as a fundamental European value which today, at least at the rhetorical level, seems to be fading.

[rec.] Nicholas P. Roberts, Political Islam and the Invention of Tradition, New Academia Publishing, Washington, DC 2015, ss. 245

Author(s): Anna Zasuń / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2017

11 Eylül ve Sonrası Terörizm, Petrol ve Nükleer Tehdit Ekseninde Ortadoğu

Author(s): Ramazan İzol,Samet Zengınoğlu / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 2/2014

Following the attacks on the World Trade Center in the US on September 11th 2001, three points draw attention. Firstly, these attacks revealed the obligation of evaluating the phenomenon of terrorism with a distinctive method and content when compared with the Cold War period. Secondly, the debates that the essential goal for US was the intervening with Afghanistan and Iraq in 2001 and 2003 respectively was to control the resources and routes for oil, and these attacks were used as the means of legitimacy are often brought to the agenda. And lastly, during and after the intervention, the issue of nuclear threat came under fire in the Middle East, especially on the Israel–Iran line. Within this general framework, the main goal of this study is to introduce the different perspectives, views, and debates on the Middle East on the axis of three factors about 9/11 and its aftermath.

15 Temmuz Sonrası İslam Düşüncesinde Toplum ve Siyaset

Müslümanların Çağdaş Gaflet Tarihi Üzerine Notlar

Author(s): Mehmet Evkuran / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 34/2017

Ülkesine, coğrafyasına ve değerlerine yabancılaşmış ve yoldan çıkmış bir topluluğun (FETÖ/PDY) ifsat ve kötülük hikâyesinin masaya yatırıldığı bir tartışma platformunda, Müslümanların gaflet tarihi başlığı üzerinden konuyu ele almak, bazılarımıza ‘meseleyi kaçırmak’ gibi görünebilir. Ancak olay tüm yönleriyle yakından incelendiğinde, yaşanan problemlerin tümünü adı geçen bir örgüte yüklemenin de gerçekçi bir yaklaşım olmadığı görülecektir. Bu kötülükler gözümüzün önünde yavaş yavaş kendi mekanizmasını kurarken neden sürece sessiz ve tepkisiz kaldığımız konusu da sorgulamanın bir parçasını oluştur-maktadır. Sürecin kendisine ses çıkarmayanların sonuçlarına aşırı tepki vermeleri tutarlı olmamakla birlikte, toplumsal davranış geleneğimizde sık görülen bir sorundur.

A CHARACTERISING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MODERNITY AND SOCIOLOGY: THE UNDERSTANDINGS OF SECULARISATION, URBANISATION, AND SOLIDARITY

Author(s): Barış ÇAĞIRKAN / Language(s): English / Issue: 41/2019

This paper aims to characterise the relationship between modernity and sociology in the context of secularisation, urbanisation and solidarity. The emergence of sociology as a discipline has been connected with the emergence of modernity. While modernity emphasises a different society and social structure, sociology has become the most critical part of this interpretation and its attempt to understand and explain. The study aims to explain the strong relationship between the basis of modernity and sociology by examining the work of Emile Durkheim and Max Weber which are one of the first studies to understand the new society understanding of modernism. The differences of modernity caused the social actors to be in doubt about themselves, and ontological insecurity emerged in this context. Some of the ideas have developed by sociologists about social change process will be examined in this context. Durkheim and Weber focus on the study of social order, change and social relations, which is a significant concern showing two basic methodological and theoretical ideas in the sociology tradition. Weber and Durkheim's optimistic and pessimistic attitude towards social change will be questioned in the conclusion section.

A Dangerous Nexus? History, Ideology and the Structure of the Contemporary Chetnik Movement

Author(s): Nejra Veljan,Maida Ćehajić / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

During the Yugoslav era (1945–1992), the Serb ethno-nationalist Chetnik movement and its motivating ideology were unambiguously condemned in public discourse. This followed the defeat of foreign occupiers, including Italian fascists and German Nazis, who had been aided by collaborationists within Ustasha (Croat ethno-nationalist and fascist) and Chetnik ranks. Thus, in the period after World War Two, public accusations of Chetnik membership were levelled pejoratively in Yugoslavia, and it was clear: to be a Chetnik was to be a traitor. Many former members of Chetnik detachments tried to conceal or minimize their participation in the movement, but some continued fostering Chetnik ideals in the privacy of their homes, even as a shared Partisan/Yugoslav identity was publicly nourished.

A kereszténydemokrácia történetéhez Magyarországon

Author(s): Jenő Gergely / Language(s): Hungarian / Publication Year: 0

A kultúrharc retorikája és a protestantizmus magyarországi röpiratokban

Author(s): János Rada / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 01/2017

The paper defines the rhetoric of ’cultural struggle’ (Kulturkampf) on the basis of an analysis of Hungarian anti-clerical pamphlets published between 1867 and 1895. It shows that in the course of the fight for the separation of church and state, the authors of such texts also mobilized the example of the Protestant confessions, along an idealized conception of Protestantism, in their argumentation against the Roman Catholic Church. The citation of idealized Protestant features became as integral to the argumentation of anti-clerical authors of the Catholic confession as to that of the Protestants.

A kurd államiság esélyei a Közel–Keleten a geopolitikai rivalizálás tükrében

Author(s): László Csicsmann / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1/2018

On 25 September, 2017, Kurds in Iraq held a referendum on independence, and thus came to the closest so far to achieving independent statehood. However, the Baghdad-based government declared the referendum unconstitutional, and led a military intervention. The paper presents the history of Kurdish autonomy in Iraq, and dedicates special attention to the difficulties of the constitutional process after the Saddam regime’s overthrown and of the fights against the Islamic State. The paper argues that momentarily the independence of the Kurdish territories is not probable.

AUTOQEFALIA E KISHËS ORTODOKSE SHQIPTARE: NGA FILLIMET DERI NË KONGRESIN E BERATIT 1922

Author(s): Hasan Bello / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 49/2019

This paper deals with the documentary movement of the autocephalous movement of the Albanian Orthodox Church from the first years of the XX century to the Berat Congress of 1922. The article aims to address in several aspects the efforts of patriots, clergy and Albanian state leaders in function of the creation of the national church, which in turn was considered as a very important element of the consolidation of spiritual and political independence from the Istanbul Ecumenical Patriarchate. This is because Patrikana was under the influence of Greek politics, which had manifestly exposed its territorial claims to the Albanian state.

Bağımsızlıktan Sonra Azerbaycan'da Din-Devlet İlişkileri

Author(s): Asaf Ganbarov / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 1/2017

This article deals with religion-state relationships after independence (1991) in Azerbaijan. We examine the secularism principle, religion-state relations and laws that provide religious liberties in Constitution of Azerbaijan Republic. We find that the Constitution generally provides the religious liberties that are declared in international human rights conventions and the restrictions that occurred in religious sphere usually caused by deficiencies in implementation of these laws. In addition, the insufficient religious education makes society more vulnerable to external radical religious groups and this factor requires some legal restrictions. While Azerbaijani Government was implementing strict secular policies in early period of independence, it turned into more religious policies in way of financial aids to traditional religious communities. (Shia and Sunni Islam, Orthodox Church, Judaism) Also there isn’t any discrimination between majority and minority religious groups in regard of financial aids.

Between the Melting Pot and the Patchwork Quilt in Religious America. Two Case Studies (Shiloh Baptist Church, Washington DC and St. Patrick’s Old Cathedral, New York City)

Author(s): Nicoleta Stanca / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2020

In a complex context of huge differences between traditional churches and contemporary megachurches, religious mixing, matching and switching, in an ethno-racial diversity environment, in a society characterized by class inequality and political awareness, the article will attempt to show how religion brings individuals and communities together in the US in a patchwork quilt model.

Book Review

Author(s): Solveiga Krūmiņa-Koņkova / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2019

Review of: Solveiga Krumina-Konkova - Robert F. Goeckel. Soviet Religious Policy in Estonia and Latvia. Playing Harmony in the Singing Revolution. Indiana University Press, 2018.

Capetownski iskaz o predanju – graditi Kristov mir u podijeljenom i slomljenom svijetu – biblijski pogled na pitanje naroda s posebnim osvrtom na hrvatski kontekst

Author(s): David Kovačević / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 1/2020

This article looks at the notion of the nation from a biblical perspective by analyzing those emphases highlighted by The Cape Town Commitment, especially in its chapter “Building Christ’s Peace in a Divided and Broken World.” Special attention will be given to the topic of nation in the Croatian context. The first chapter gives an introduction to the three fundamental theories of nationalism, the second analyzes the biblical understanding of nations. In the third chapter attention is drawn to The Cape Town Commitment and theme of peacebuilding and justice among nations. In the last chapter the author brings interpretations of the nation and nationalisms in the Croatian context from a Roman Catholic and Evangelical perspective. The purpose of the article is to analyze the biblical and theological emphases of the document concerning the nation, to interact with other documents and theological voices, and to understand their application within the Croatian context in order to contribute to the evangelical movement in Croatia in its mission of proclaiming the gospel in the Croatian context. The article concludes that there are biblical foundations that positively value the existence of nations. They should be viewed positively from the perspective of God’s work of creation, negatively through the acceptance of the reality of the fall that affected the existence of nations, and again positively from the perspective of God’s eschatological future, where nations have their place.

Cesty božstev: Otázky interpretace náboženství a nacionalismu v moderním Japonsku

Author(s): Jakub Havlíček / Language(s): Czech / Publication Year: 2011

The monograph “Gods’ Ways. Interpreting Religions and Nationalism in Modern Japan” deals with the role of religious phenomena in the process of forming the national identity in modern Japan, with the problem to identify and interpret these phenomena. The introductory chapter is concerned with the issue of defining the theoretical and methodological frame of the thesis. It characterizes the study of religions as a critical social science. Referring to Jonathan Z. Smith, the author deals with the concept of religion as with an analytical category and treats this concept as a social construction originating in the context of Western, Euro-American culture. The thesis is also occupied with the questionof identifying religious phenomena in the context of Japan. It deals with the theories of secularization, with the process of defining religious and secular domains, as well as with the concepts of nation in social sciences. It concerns the subject of implicit religions, finding the theories of implicit religions to be rather vague and inadequate for analyzing religious phenomena in modern Japan. In the conclusion to the chapter, the author proposes the definition of “religion” based on Benson Saler’s concept of tracing “family resemblances” of the phenomena classified as religious. Second chapter deals with the topic of interpreting and systematizing religious phenomena in Japan. It concentrates on the concepts of Shinto and Japanese religion in the works of H. Byron Earhart, Karel Werner, Thomas P. Kasulis, Joseph M. Kitagawa, and Isaiah Ben-Dasan.

COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF SOUTH SUDAN CONFLICT: DETERMINANTS AND REPERCUSSIONS

Author(s): Frederick Appiah Afriyie,Jian Jisong,Kenneth Yaw Appiah / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

South Sudan, which separated from Sudan in 2011 after nearly 40 years of civil war, was embroiled in a new devastating conflict at the end of 2013. This happened when political disputes coupled with preexisting ethnic and political fault lines became brutal. This conflict has mostly targeted civilians and most often, ethnic groups, and warring parties have been accused of war crimes and crimes against humanity. The conflict has resulted in a major humanitarian crisis, mass displacement and mass atrocities against South Sudanese citizens. Notwithstanding, instability in South Sudan has made the country one of the most dangerous countries for humanitarian aid workers in the world, especially as majority of them have lost their lives during their operation. In view of this, the article seeks to interrogate the main driving forces that triggered the deadly conflict and also the ramifications brought upon the population as well as the country.

Detecting the Ideological Position of Political Islam towards Liberal Democracy in Muslim Countries

Author(s): Nikola Gjorshoski,Goran Ilik / Language(s): English / Issue: 03/2020

The question of the correlation between Islam, political Islam and liberal democracy has so far been the most exposed topic in exploring the democratic capacity of political Islam and Islamic societies in general. What is particularly intriguing about the relationship between political Islam and liberal democracy is the fact of its westernized triviality that has received a pejorative tone in Islamic political circles. Simplified, the triviality of liberal democracy for the Islamic political campus implies imposing a model of democracy that cannot be fully compatible with the original Muslim notion of society and government. Hence, the following paper analyzes exactly the relations of political Islam to specific inherent categories of liberal democracy such as the rule of law, representative government, the separation of powers and secularism as diferenta specifica of liberal western democratic discourse. Through the methods of induction and deduction, the author will illustrate how appropriate tangent or divergence is illustrated and how this is reflected in the general ideological positioning of political Islam towards liberal democracy in Muslim countries through an axiological and praxeological perspective.

DİN ve ÇATIŞMA İLİŞKİSİ BAĞLAMINDA DİNİ ELİTLERİN SİYASETE ETKİLERİ

Author(s): Bahlul Aliyev / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 45/2020

With the French intellectuals of the XVIII century expressing that religion is merely the result of the ignorance of the masses and that religion will disappear completely with the development of education and technological advancement, since the 1970s, with the rise of the Islamic movement and the Islamic revolution in Iran political scientists have begun to talk about ‘religious renaissance’ in many parts of the World. In the light of these debates, terms such as the “politicization of religion” and the “religious character of politics” emerged. Religion continues to have a decisive influence on political life and political culture in many countries of the World, including countries where the majority of the population is irreligious. Religious symbolism exists as an integral part of the symbolism of states, political parties and public institutions. Taking into consideration that religious holidays are public holidays in many countries of the World; religious figures are part of the political elite of many countries; and general religious elements are observed in the oath of the senior officials after taking office the importance of this phenomenon remains controversial.

Does Being Rafidi Mean Shi`ite?: The Representation of the Kızılbaş Belief in the Sixteenth Century Ottoman Records

Author(s): Reyhan Erdoğdu Başaran / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2019

The Kızılbaş, especially by the sixteenth century, played a central role in the Ottoman-Safavid struggle due to its close alliance with the Safavid. By using period archival records of the Ottoman administration along with historical and religious documents composed by the Ottoman elite scholars, this article aims to reflect the Kızılbaş’s religious orientation as perceived by the Ottoman policy makers. The documents examined include the fermans of the Muhimme registers, Selim Şah-name of İdrîs-i Bitlisî, Tevarih-i Al-i Osman of Ibn Kemal and the fatwas issued on the persecution of the Kızılbaş by Ibn Kemal and as afterwards reutilized by Ebussuud. In doing so, this article intends to uncover the Ottoman perspective of the Kızılbaş religiosity as if it had ever been linked to Shi`ism. Further the notion rafidi to define Kızılbaş belief will be explored in detail to reveal if it is used as equivalent to the term shi`a.

'Durumsal Muhafazakarlık' Anlayışı Üzerine Teorik & Eleştirel Bir Değerlendirme

Author(s): Fatih Duman / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 2/2017

This study focuses on the discussion of ‘conservatism’. Important theoretical discussions have been made within the framework of what it means as a concept and how it should be defined. The concept of conservatism is reconstructed from different perspectives and is interpreted in different contexts based on different theoretical viewpoints and gains functionality. These different perspectives naturally may lead to separate consequences at the social and political levels. At this point, we come across different concepts used to define conservatism: Darwinian/Evolutionary conservatism, metaphysical conservatism, historical/peculiar conservatism, conservatism as a doctrine of tradition(alism), universal conservatism, situational conservatism, etc. In this study, previously mentioned different conceptualizations of conservatism will be examined with a critical perspective and especially analyze/criticism of ‘situational conservatism’ will be made. According to our main argument of this study, in order to accept conservatism as an ideology separate and detached from liberalism or socialism, we need a perspective that goes beyond the concept of ‘situational conservatism’. If we stay within the boundaries of situational understanding, conservatism will be very pragmatic notion without any essence or fixed principles and will be able to integrate with any kind of ideological position.