Роль комунікаційних мереж і практик у консолідації суспільства: висновки для України

Author(s): Olga Zernetska / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 09+10/2016

Means of mass communication impact all the processes which take place in society, and in particular the process of consolidation. These impacts can be different and depend upon many factors. Among them are social media policies; policies of the owners of media resources; peculiarities of a certain continent or country or region; ethnic or racial situations; interest of political elites in reaching consolidation in the society they belong to. The article deals with the examples of the Northern American, Western European and African countries. The analyses based upon three case studies of one of the main American television network CBS; British public broadcaster BBC; and Kenyan Governmental and Communal Radio and Television has proved that media initiatives can have either positive or negative impact concerning consolidation according to the content provided to their listeners and viewers. The author has defined the role of mass media managers and journalists in this process and analysed principles of media policy used by commercial, governmental, communal and public service broadcasting. The results of the research make it possible to draw useful conclusions about the role of mass media, communication nets and communication practices for consolidation of the Ukrainian society, namely the concluding remark that Ukraine should develop its own public service broadcasting bearing in mind the experience of the leading public service broadcasters, especially BBC.

Jezik u zamkama tranzicije

Author(s): Rastko Močnik / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 0/1994

One should expect the reflection about the interplay of social and linguistic changes to touch upon quite fundamental questions. Still, if we do not want to bet blindly on the chances of the paralogic known from old pioneers- accounts and from detective stories, where false hypotheses lead to true discoveries, we should keep in mind how insidious any kind of not avowed "evidence" may be.

The Multimodal Construction of Brexit in the Economist (2017 – 2021)

Author(s): Kalina Ishpekova-Bratanova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

This paper aims to show how and why the Economist constructs the post-Brexit European Union’s (EU) image in a string of commentaries published in the Charlemagne section in the 2017-2021 period. The theoretical concepts that provide the interdisciplinary methodological framework within which the research topic – the exposure of the discursive and cognitive mechanisms whereby the global media of British origin constructs the EU’s image and frames the debate about the EU – is explored encompass social semiotics and critical discourse analysis. The findings suggest that through its interplay of headline and subheading, together with the cartoon and textual body, the Economist holds the assumption that Brexit threatens the cohesion of the EU and prompts the drawing of a new balance of interests.

Avant-garde humour as ideological supplement:

Author(s): Alejandro Romero-Reche / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

In 1939, when the Spanish civil war had recently ended, avant-garde humorists Miguel Mihura and Tono published an absurdist propaganda ‘novel’, María de la Hoz [María of the Sickle], about the republican zone during the conflict. Unlike other Francoist propaganda pieces of the time, it did not focus on the violence or the alleged moral degeneracy of the ‘reds’ but rather on what its authors perceived as the absurdity of egalitarianism and the progressive ideals. The novel, while not contradicting the emerging official ideology, conspicuously overlooked some of its key tenets, particularly those related to nationalism, Catholicism and Franco’s leadership. This article contextualises María de la Hoz in the development process of Spanish avant-garde humour and in Francoist propaganda fiction during and immediately after the civil war in order to analyse the ideological stance it represented and, potentially, reinforced. As a political piece, the book seems to convey the position of an affluent middle class who did not enthusiastically believe in Francoism but preferred it to the republican alternative, caricatured as a communist regime by nationalist propaganda.

The humour factor:

Author(s): Matilde Eiroa / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

This article analyses the social reaction to Francisco Franco’s exhumation from his burial place in the Valley of the Fallen at the end of 2019. This decision was taken by virtue of compliance with the so-called Historical Memory Law approved in 2007 and generated a great social debate. Apart from opinions in favour and against that decision coming from the political spectrum of the left and right, respectively, we observed a new attitude, that of humour, present in tweets and memes. By analyzing a collection of memes that circulated in Twitter and WhatsApp groups, our research shows that the new media have brought in content and symbolism that ridicule the late dictator, trivialise the treatment given to the “Caudillo” [Leader] of Spain for nearly four decades and contribute to an uninhibited interpretation of memory policies.

CDA PERSPECTIVE ON THE REPRESENTATION OF POLITICAL ACTORS IN BIH IN THE POLITICAL DISCOURSE OF THE EU REPRESENTATIVES IN BIH

Author(s): Kemal Avdagić / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

The paper focuses on the role of language in a specific socio-political context. It offers a critical approach regarding the representation of political actors in Bosnia-Herzegovina (BiH) in press releases of the Office of the High Representative in BiH, for the period 2006 - 2011. The aim of the linguistic examination is to analyse the notion of the power imbalance between different actors and ideology which is subtly interwoven in the investigated discourse. There are three stages of analysis in the process of linguistic investigation. In the first stage of analysis, the linguistic investigation is carried out by the means of language tools provided by systemic functional grammar. At this stage, the text is analysed at three different levels: ideational, interpersonal, and textual. In the second stage, the logogentic patterns, which emerge as a result of the lexico-grammatical investigation, are further sifted by the analytical framework of critical discourse analysis. In the final stage of the investigation, the text, which is comprehended as a structure realized by clauses, undergoes a pragmatic investigation of presuppositions. The paper shows that the proposed threefold investigation of the text enables the deconstruction of the meaning of the text and at the same time provides an insight into the nature of the relationship between different actors involved in the discourse.

Radicalizarea discursului românesc despre romi în spaţiul public: pandemia, alegerile sau AUR?

Author(s): Norina Herki / Language(s): Romanian Issue: LXI/2022

The commitment of EU to fight against racism, xenophobia and hate crime has been strengthened in 2013, with the adoption of the European Parliament of a resolution calling on “the role of national authorities responsible for fighting discrimination to be strengthened in order to facilitate accountability for the promotion of hate speech and incitement of hate crime”. However, hate speech against the Roma minority in the public space, especially on the internet, social media, still occurs and shows a need to prevent and combat negative stereotyping, stigmatization and ethnicizing crime and criminalizing the Roma. With the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic, diversity governance and minority protection have been even more challenged and this papers aims at examining the public discourse and phenomenon of hate speech against Roma communities and individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic in Romania, through the lens of a few selected case studies which have featured prominently in the media. Special attention will be given to the political discourse on the Roma minority during this time, as the pandemic period coincides with the rise to power of the far-right populist party the Alliance for Romanian Unity (AUR).

Militantisme numérique et usage identitaire des réseaux sociaux dans le cadre du référendum d’autodétermination de la Nouvelle-Calédonie

Author(s): Akila NEDJAR-GUERRE / Language(s): French Issue: 30 (2)/2022

In the context of the referendum in New Caledonia under the Nouméa Accords, the representatives and leaders of the pro-independence parties are dealing with both field activism and that of the television platforms and social networks. However, in the context of New Caledonia's digital transition, the differences in technological equipment and socio-economic inequalities lead to power relationships between independentists and non-independents according to the appropriation of digital technology by the militants. The analysis of the digital communication on Facebook of the political parties, the week before the 2020 referendum, shows an increase in digital interactions among independentists since 2018 on the one hand, and a discourse with cultural and religious attributes on the other hand, where the "self" is erased in favour of the community belonging. This study thus examines the potential of Facebook to correlate on-line expression with militant expression on the terrain, reinforcing the visibility of the pro-independence community collective with the constraints of accessibility to digital equipment and visibility of this group in the traditional media space.

OCJENE I PRIKAZI

Author(s): Sabaheta Gačanin,Emrah Seljaci,Fuad Ohranović,Merisa Đido,Esad Duraković,Sabina Bakšić,Vedad Hurić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 71/2022

Review of: Esad Duraković - Amra Mulović, DISKURSNA ANALIZA GOVORA PREDSJEDNIKA SVRGNUTIH TOKOM ARAPSKOG PROLJEĆA, Centar za napredne studije, Sarajevo, 2020, 245 str. Vedad Hurić - Amira Trnka-Uzunović, ARAPSKI VEZNICI I NJIHOVA SEMANTIKA U KURʼANU, Fakultet islamskih nauka i El-Kalem, Biblioteka monografije 20, Sarajevo, 2020, 227 str. Sabina Bakšić - Ekrem Čaušević, Barbara Kerovec, TURSKI I HRVATSKI U USPOREDBI I KONTRASTIRANJU: SINTAGMA I JEDNOSTAVNA REČENICA, Ibis grafika, Zagreb, 2021, 319 str. Esad Duraković - Madžida Mašić, POETIKA GAZELA U DIVANU AHMEDA TALIBA BOŠNJAKA, Univerzitet u Sarajevu – Orijentalni institut, Posebna izdanja LXIV, Sarajevo, 2021, 234 str. Merisa Đido - Munir Drkić, OSNOVE PERZIJSKOG JEZIKA – GRAMATIKA SA VJEŽBAMA, Univerzitet u Sarajevu – Filozofski fakultet, Kulturni centar Ambasade IR Iran u BiH, Sarajevo, 2021, 185 str. Fuad Ohranović - Vjeran Kursar, Nenad Moačanin, Kornelija Jurin Starčević (eds.), EVLIYA ÇELEBI IN THE BORDERLANDS: NEW INSIGHTS AND NOVEL APPROACHES TO THE SEYAHATNAME (WESTERN BALKANS AND IRAN SECTIONS), Srednja Evropa, Zagreb 2021, 230 str. Emrah Seljaci - Alma Omanović-Veladžić, HRONIKA MUHAMEDA ENVERIJA KADIĆA KAO IZVOR ZA IZUČAVANJE KULTURNE HISTORIJE BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE, Univerzitet u Sarajevu - Orijentalni institut, Posebna izdanja LXV, Sarajevo 2021, 755 str. Sabaheta Gačanin - Mubera Bavčić i Lamija Hatibović, BIBLIOGRAFIJA IZDANJA ORIJENTALNOG INSTITUTA 1950. – 2020. / BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE INSTITUTE FOR ORIENTAL STUDIES 1950 - 2020, Posebna izdanja LXVI, UNSA OIS, Sarajevo 2021, 400 str.

O JEDNOM PRIKAZU KONSENZUSA BEZ POKRIĆA

Author(s): Neven Sesardić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 19/2022

Politolog Enes Kulenović nedavno je u ovom časopisu (Kulenović, 2022) objavio recenziju moje knjige Konsenzus bez pokrića (Sesardić, 2022). Mnogi smatraju da autori u načelu ne bi trebali odgovarati na negativne recenzije svojih knjiga. Do sada sam se toga i sâm pridržavao. Ali postoje iznimke. Dobar razlog za reagiranje je ako autor knjige može ukazati na neke centralne, dokazivo pogrešne ili proizvoljne tvrdnje u recenziji koje bi inače mogle izgledati uvjerljive, posebice onima koji nisu čitali kritiziranu knjigu. Slijedi niz Kulenovićevih prigovora i mojih komentara na te prigovore.

ODGOVOR AUTORU KNJIGE KONSENZUS BEZ POKRIĆA

Author(s): Enes Kulenović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 19/2022

Zahvaljujem profesoru Sesardiću na njegovim detaljnim komentarima na recenziju knjige Konsenzus bez pokrića. Iako se ne slažem s većinom stavova koje Sesardić zagovara u svojoj knjizi, fokus moje recenzije nije bio na kritici samih tih stavova, već na načinu na koji on brani i opravdava te stavove. U recenziji iznosim kritiku da Sesardić propituje konsenzus o pitanjima o kojima raspravlja na neuvjerljiv način: izbjegava jasno odrediti temeljne koncepte o kojima govori i ne razlikuje ih od drugih srodnih koncepata, pogrešno interpretira argumente svojih neistomišljenika, ignorira istraživanja i studije koje ne podržavaju njegove stavove, površno pristupa kompleksnim temama o kojima piše, te zanemaruje širi povijesni i društveni kontekst problema kojima se bavi. Njegovi komentari na moju recenziju dodatna su potvrda da je moja inicijalna kritika bila opravdana.

“Eritreja, moja dežela”: Photoreportage and Positive Representation of a Distant Other

Author(s): Ilija Tomanić Trivundža / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The article analyses how distant Others are represented in “Eritreja” photoreporatge, that appeared in ten consecutive issues of the Mladina magazine between August and November 1988 and is regarded as the most extensive photoreportage ever published in Slovenian printed media. Multimodal framing analysis complemented with semi-structured interviews with the photographers are conducted to the examine verbal and visual strategies for the construction of Otherness. The divergence of this particular photoreportage from the leading news topics (famine and war) and its positive representations of the distant Other are traced to the photoreportage’s resonance with the domestic political agenda (Slovenia’s struggle against the centralisation of Yugoslavia) and Mladina’s editorial policy (advocating freedom of speech via challenging taboo topics in Yugoslavia).

Whistling to the Right Publics? AUR’s Doublespeak in Reaction to Antisemitism Allegations

Author(s): Adina Marincea / Language(s): English Issue: 15/2022

Romania has proved to be no outlier in the ongoing trend of mainstream-ization of far-right and neo-fascist politics and discourses, despite the optimistic outlook that many shared not long ago. AUR marked a historical success, being the first “radical return” political formation to gain seats in Parliament after 1989. As a result, a process of accelerated normalization of the far-right discourse is taking place, moving the political spectrum further to the (extreme) right, while also rehabilitating historical figures that played a significant role in the Holocaust. The present paper draws on Discourse Historical Analysis and concepts such as “calculated ambivalence” and “dog-whistle politics” to unpack the coded meanings and whistles entwined in the discursive provocations and reactions of AUR’s leader, George Simion. Starting from AUR’s press release from January 2022, minimizing the Holocaust, which set in motion the “right-wing populist perpetuum mobile”, I analyze the main discursive strategies, both confrontational and submissive, used by Simion in his effort to “dog-whistle” to AUR’s ultranationalist supporters, while at the same time denying allegations of antisemitism, Holocaust minimization, and fascist sympathies. For a qualitative measure of the success or failure of these strategies, a complementary critical analysis of the reactions of some of the most prominent antisemitic ultranationalist voices in Romania is carried out. Is Simion a skillful “dog-whistler” or a “traitor”? The study shows that there is a thin and fluid line between the two.

To make fun of power:

Author(s): Orest Semotiuk,Viktoriya Eduardivna Shevchenko / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2022

The paper deals with Ukrainian President’s Zelensky image in political cartoons and memes. They are forms of political humour and can be examined in an interdisciplinary manner. The first part describes theoretical aspects, functions, and elements of political humour and political satire, main features and types of cartoons and memes. In the second part, the corpus of 198 political cartoons and 1121 memes from March 2019 to December 2020 is analysed with computer-aided content analysis and multimodal discourse analysis. The analysis units are social context, formed by the domestic and foreign political events in Ukraine in the research period, joke techniques and communication levels in the cartoons and memes. These units are examined chronologically and thematically. The research is based on the hypothesis about the interdependence of social context and subversive/supportive humour in the construction of Zelensky’s image.

The cute and the fluffy:

Author(s): Liisi Laineste,Anastasiya Fiadotava,Eva Šipöczová,Guillem Castañar Rubio / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2022

When serious official political statements are not enough to get people’s votes, politicians often turn to attention-grabbing and emotion-triggering self-presentation. They give the public access to their “normal, everyday” lives through personalisation and use other tools of “new” politics to create a favourable image of themselves. They can also show the unexpected, backstage aspects of their lives, such as their interactions with their pets. The paper analyses four case studies from different countries (Belarus, Estonia, Slovakia and Spain) in which politicians’ references to their pets became a prominent topic in internet communication and provoked numerous humorous reactions in the form of memes. By looking at various degrees of politicians’ personalisation strategies, we show that “new” and “old” politics should be regarded as the poles of a continuum rather than a binary opposition. We also discuss the content, form and stance of the humorous internet memes posted in reaction to the appearance of politicians’ pets in the news. Our research indicates that such memes function to provoke a discussion and, as a result, form a polyvocal commentary on events; the politicians, however, must take risks accompanying unconventional, revealing political communication and hope that “there's no such thing as bad publicity”.

Book review

Author(s): Olivera Tesnohlidkova / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2022

JAVNI INTELEKTUALCI I DEMOKRATSKA POLITIČKA KULTURA

Author(s): Raul Raunić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 35-36/2022

The talk about public intellectuals often begins with the statement that the golden age of public intellectuals has passed. Some go so far as to place the golden age under the umbrella of the Enlightenment and post-Enlightenment movement, while others, such as Russel Jacoby, believe that the era of great public intellectuals ended in the 1950s. These statements are partly an expression of the inevitable optimism of historical memory, while on the other hand they are the result of an insight into changed historical, cultural, political and social circumstances.

RUSSIAN PROPAGANDA WARS: RUSSIA-UKRAINE 2022

Author(s): Georgy Pocheptsov / Language(s): English Issue: 20/2022

Modern wars rely heavily on working with the mass consciousness of both compatriots as well as foreigners. A combating party aims to prove the justness of their actions. Going into war against Ukraine, Russia allegedly tried to achieve demilitarisation and denazification, but in addition to failing to contrive the attack, they also never achieved the desired level of popular support. Propaganda wars resolve what cannot be achieved in the physical world. They can accentuate victory while losing in reality. Propaganda is a virtual space into which its creators are pushed from the physical and informational space. The Soviet experience of propaganda warfare is difficult to repeat today because total propaganda cannot work when the population has access to other sources of information. Contemporary world is not without propaganda; instead, we have a world of multiple propaganda where everyone can find something to prove their individual perception.

Guiding Word-Of-Mouth (WOM) Through Organic Social Media for Effective Strategic Communications: a Literature Review

Author(s): Aybars Tuncdogan,Aidan Hughes / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2022

The advantages of social media, including rapid information dissemination and easy access at little or no cost to the user, have placed them at the heart of communications. As a result, regardless of who they are (e.g., governmental organisation, NGO, terrorist group), all strategic communicators today have to utilise social media. More specifically, it is necessary for strategic communicators to have a good understanding of how to guide word-of-mouth communications. While there is an emerging dialogue in the strategic communications journals about social media, it is still at a nascent stage. However, this area has received substantial attention from marketing scholars over the years. In this literature review paper, we aim to contribute to the development of this growing stream of research by summarising findings of the marketing literature on social media and word-of-mouth communications that are useful for strategic communications purposes. Overall, this paper has implications for the theory and practice of strategic communications.

Russia v The World: Was That Inevitable?

Author(s): James P. Farwell / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2022

A Review Essay by James P. Farwell: Germany’s Russia Problem John Lough. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2021. Not One Inch: America, Russia, and the Making of the Post-Cold War Stalemate. M.E. Sarotte. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2021.