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Humour of the intimate:

Author(s): Şenay Yavuz Görkem / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

This study focuses on the women policies of the Turkish government and the female humour that is created in response to these policies. A humour magazine is used as the main source since this specific magazine, which is named Bayan Yanı (The Seat Next to a Lady), has the privilege of being the only humour magazine created solely by female caricaturists and writers in Turkey. Six samples of female humour related to intimate matters are selected purposefully from 16 issues of this magazine published between January 2015 and June 2016 and analysed in content, tone, and function. The aim is to develop an understanding on female humour, especially the humour of the intimate, created to lead the public to question the effectiveness of political decisions and practices related to women policies.

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THE ILLOCUTIONARY ACT AND THE POWER OF THE MESSAGE

Author(s): Ștefan Vlăduțescu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

This study is circumscribed to the pragmatics of communication. The thesis under investigation is whether the message is a practice of power. It is found that between the communicators there is an inevitable and always denied war for control of communication. The fight to impose meanings is fought on all available channels. Predominantly, the conflagration of communication is one of words. The imposed illocutionary acts contribute to the power of the message. The conclusion reached is that the message is a matter of power: any message aims at the accumulation, preservation and / or imposition of power.

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THE POLICY OF SOVIETIZATION OF THE WESTERN REGIONS OF UKRAINE IN 1944 - 1953 THROUGH THE PROPAGANDIST SYMBOLS AND RITUALS

Author(s): Ruslana Popp,Galyna Starodubets / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

The article deals with the peculiarities of the process of Sovietization of the western regions of Ukraine in the first postwar years. The problem of using the political symbols as tools of propaganda by the authorities is particularly emphasized. The scientific novelty is that the process of symbolizing the living space of the population of the Western Ukrainian region in the period of restoration / establishment of Soviet power there is disclosed in the article. The authors indicate what The main promoters of the spread of „Soviet“ were the propaganda and agitation departments of regional and district committees of the CP(b)U in Western Ukraine. The change of symbolic space occurred through the creation and implantation into the public consciousness of a new narrative of the historical uniqueness of the Soviet state of the Stalinist format.

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„A demokrácia nem főnév, hanem ige. Csak akkor van, ha csináljuk!” Politikai oktatás a Közélet Iskolájában

Author(s): Éva Tessza Udvarhelyi,Ágnes Fernengel,Gabriella Csoszó / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 28/2021

In this article we discuss the political education program of the School of Public Life, which works for a just and democratic society, where people regardless of their social status can participate in public life. Thus we host events where adult participants can learn about grassroots organizing, advocacy and movement building. In the article we discuss how this activist school was founded, our educational, research and strategic planning activities, the difficulties we face, and we also write about how we develop our curriculum. Finally we demonstrate our practice of critical pedagogy through the examples of three training series: Basics of organizing, Photography and activism and Municipal election workshops.

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True German and phony English laughter:

Author(s): Christian F. Hempelmann / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2017

Schmidt-Hidding’s (b. 1903, d. 1967) lexical field study on the area of Humor und Witz [humour and wit/jokes] (1963b) receives attention in humour research to this day, especially in German-speaking countries. His diamond-shaped illustration of the two dimensions of the field of humour, not least in its aim to distinguish “earthy” German from “courteous” English humour, has become well-known. In view of this continued interest in the final write-up of Schmidt-Hidding’s work on humour (1963a, 1963b), in which he consistently ignores his earlier related publications under the name of Schmidt, this paper aims to discourage researchers from basing their work on it for two reasons. The more important one is the flawed, or at least muddled and definitely outdated, methodology of his study. The more delicate one that is focused on here is that the motivation for and the ideological direction of the study are strongly influenced by its author’s National Socialist ideology, which Schmidt-Hidding had possibly assumed for opportunistic reasons and abandoned after World War II. I will first document this ideological alignment with National Socialism from Schmidt’s earlier work, basically a prelude to his Schlüsselwörter (1963a). Then I briefly present the methodological flaws, to the degree that Schmidt-Hidding was sufficiently explicit about his method to make that possible. This approach of interpreting a complex issue in its historical and social contexts, along with showing what the issue is in contrast to analogous issues, is the important research agenda that Davies brought to humour research.

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HOW DO LOCAL CONDITIONS INFORM SOCIO-POLITICAL LANGUAGE? THE CONCEPT OF ‘INTELLIGENTSIA’ IN ŁÓDŹ PRESS BEFORE THE MID-TWENTIETH CENTURY

Author(s): Kamil Śmiechowski / Language(s): English Issue: 122/2020

This article seeks to answer the question of whether the local conditions or determinants influence the socio-political language. Within the context of the nationwide discourse in the nineteenth-century Kingdom of Poland, an analysis follows how the concept of ‘intelligentsia’ functioned in the local press from the industrial city of Łódź. A source analysis leads to the conclusion that in the specific circumstances, of which the social mix was a constituent, certain notions of a defined meaning in the countrywide context may be interpreted in a manner divergent from the rule. As the social structure of Łódź was becoming more and more similar to that of Warsaw and other big cities, the differences in the definitions of the term ‘intelligentsia’ were gradually smoothening out.

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‘Instigators,’ ‘Hooligans,’ ‘Sex Maniacs,’ ‘Drug Addicts,’ ‘Alcoholics…’. The Image of Students ’ Protests Mirrored in the Rhetoric of the State

Author(s): Renata Czekalska / Language(s): English Issue: 59/2019

In February 2016, the students of Jawaharlal Nehru University in New Delhi began to protest against the violation of basic democratic freedoms by Narendra Modi’s government. The protest was quickly supported by other Indian universities, and the campaigns organized by students happened in all the important academic centres in India. The purpose of this paper is to show selected examples of language expressions employed by the Indian authorities against the student protesters and used in the official Indian media, to describe the actions taken by protests’ participants, as well as to compare the language of the Indian authorities and media used against protesting students in the second decade of the 21st century with some official statements about student protests in Poland under the communist regime.

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Cultural Factors of Aggression in the Public Space

Author(s): Lilla Młodzik / Language(s): English Issue: 24/2019

The analysis of literature on the subject indicates the occurrence of cultural stereotypes that hinder the adaptation to the conditions of the era of an information civilization. They are of a particular importance in the public sphere. Their main feature (disadvantage) is the stimulation of aggression in social relations, the manifestations of which deform the functioning of liberal democracy. Aggression as a cultural trait comes from the fear of losing identity and from the uncertainty. The dissemination of the patterns of liberal culture and thus the displacement of the restrictive culture are the ways of counteracting the negative phenomena associated with it. The development of this problem is the subject of this text.

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Contingent dynamics of political humour

Author(s): Sammy Basu,Massih Zekavat / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

This article introduces the themes of the special issue. It offers a provisional working conception of “political humour.” It then notes some of the tendencies and challenges for scholarship on political humour, namely, that political humour interacts contingently and conditionally with intentions, contexts, and audiences. The individual articles of the special issue are briefly summarized, and some concluding lessons drawn.

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De-contextualisation fuels controversy:

Author(s): Sara Ödmark / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

Humour has a unique way of delineating social boundaries, and comedy can function as a double-edged sword; it can strengthen bonds and bring people together, or divide through provocation and violation of social norms. As a consequence, humour controversies are telling events that contain the possibility of highlighting cultural and political sensibilities – even more in the current political landscape, with increasing media fragmentation. This study analysed four humour functions through the theoretical lens of media framing, via three cases of humorous content that caused controversies in the Swedish news media. These cases were one divisive radio roast of a politician, one TV satire segment that was received as racist, and one audio podcast with young women who challenged a Swedish political consensus climate. Framing is the power of media to select and highlight certain aspects of issues, and by extension, shape public opinion. By subjecting the media coverage of these three controversies to a qualitative content analysis, the framing was examined and discussed in the light of four humour functions: identification, clarification, enforcement, and differentiation (Meyer 2000). Furthermore, the study examined the media context and the role it played in the framing of the controversies. One main finding was that the most uniting humour function of identification could be transformed into the most dividing humour function of differentiation through a shift in media context.

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Power and satire in the front-page images of Mariano Rajoy:

Author(s): Manuel Garin,Daniel Pérez-Pamies / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

This article explores the use of photography and visual motifs as forms of political humour in contemporary media. By studying the representation of former Prime Minister of Spain Mariano Rajoy in the front pages of three Spanish newspapers (El Mundo, El País and La Vanguardia) between 2011 and 2017, the paper identifies and questions the liaisons between power and satire present in the so-called “serious” press, focusing on how different photographic traits concerning layout, composition and gestures reflect ideological choices. This photographic satire developed by printed media is then framed within a figurative tradition that goes back to Spanish royal portraiture, from Velázquez to Goya, which employs common strategies for the visual depiction of power, including satirical and humorous attributes to push specific political agendas. This examination, based on the quantified study and the visual analysis of more than 7,500 front pages, is part of the national research project Visual Motifs in the Public Sphere: Production and Circulation of Images of Power in Spain, 2011-2017. In order to determine a useful procedural approach to satirical expressions in photographs, defining which front pages invoke a remarkable satirical content, this article also presents a comparative study and a categorisation based on formal (im)balances related to the concepts of visual motif and humour.

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The Danish Cartoons, Charlie Hebdo and the culture wars:

Author(s): Mark John Rolfe / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

A considerable body of academic literature has lauded political satirists as rebellious defenders of democracy and free speech against an establishment. Although satire is not always rebellious, this reputation of satirists and of satire may itself be the object of partisan capture. In this article, it is the object of capture by right-wing populists. In that respect, satire and the meta-discourse about satire can be used like any political rhetoric in gathering like-minded allies, claiming standards, and fighting opponents. With the Danish cartoons crisis of 2005-2006 and the Charlie Hebdo massacre of 2015, proponents of culture wars rhetoric added satire to their list of Western cultural legacies that needed defence against Islamic terrorism as well as left authoritarian elites who suppressed free speech through political correctness. They constructed simplistic global political dichotomies about satire, free speech, and civilisation and lifted events out of local contexts in a process of global framing. The culture war rhetoric was absolutist in support of free speech and satire on the international level. But the national level reveals the hortatory and partisan side to this rhetoric and the complexities that belie the absolutist stand. Nations are the arenas where struggles over free speech and political humour are played out.

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Fandom versus citizenship:

Author(s): Delia Chiaro,Nikita LOBANOV / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

This paper examines occurrences of humour in Twitter-fed celebrity-follower communities. Using a small, one-month sample of the Twitter feeds of 12 British celebrities, we examined political and humorous content of celebrity tweets and the first five responses from their followers. From this preliminary study, we found that the notion of “weirdisation” strongly emerges, together with the new conceptual tool of “shards of humour”.

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Bruno Kamiński, Fear Management. Foreign Threats in the Post-War Polish Propaganda. The Influence and the Reception of the Communist Media (1944–1956)

Author(s): Dariusz Jarosz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2020

Review of: Dariusz Jarosz - Bruno Kamiński, Fear Management. Foreign Threats in the Post-War Polish Propaganda. The Influence and the Reception of the Communist Media (1944–1956), Berlin 2019, Peter Lang, ss. 385, Studies in History, Memory and Politics

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Les petites phrases dans la communication rioplatense

Author(s): Damián Fernández Pedemonte,Monique Vaughan / Language(s): French Issue: 27 (1)/2021

This article describes the linguistic function of sound bite phrases in the discourse of two Latin-American left-wing politicians, Cristina Fernández de Kirchner in Argentina and José Mujica in Uruguay, and analyzes the echo that these phrases have in the media. The purpose is to study whether their usage in the media-political scenario is a phenomenon with identifiable idiosyncratic discursive mechanisms.

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PROGNOZA KONSEKWENCJI KRYZYSU ZWIĄZANEGO Z COVID-19 W OPINII EKSPERTÓW

Author(s): Piotr L. Wilczyński,Natalia Adamczyk,Mirosław Matyja / Language(s): Polish Issue: 34/2020

Z inicjatywy prof. Pawła Soroki powołany został zespół badawczy, którego zadaniem jest opracowanie raportu o skutkach kryzysu wywołanego przez wprowadzenie stanu prawnego zwanego pandemią COVID-19. Szczegółowe informacje na temat raportu znajdują się na stronie internetowej zespołu: raportokryzysie.pl. Dzięki uprzejmości koordynatora projektu, Przegląd Geopolityczny ma możliwość opublikowania części wyników badań zespołu dotyczącej kwestii geopolitycznych, jeszcze przed ich ogłoszeniem w formie publikacji książkowej.

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INFORMATION AND PROPAGANDA COMPONENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION HYBRID AGGRESSION: CONCLUSIONS FOR DEVELOPED DEMOCRATIC COUNTRIES ON THE EXPERIENCE OF UKRAINE

Author(s): Vadym Torichnyi,Tetiana Biletska,Oleksandr Rybshchun,Dmytro Kupriyenko,Yurii Ivashkov,Artem Bratko / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

On the basis of analytical investigations, the current article has carried out an analysis of information and propaganda component of the Russian Federation hybrid aggression against Ukraine at the present historical stage. The key components of Russia’s ‘information weapon’ have been identified, and it has been emphasized that Russia’s information and propaganda campaign over the past decades has targeted both the specific states of its aggression and the entire consortium of developed democratic countries in the Western world, especially their major associations – the EU and NATO. The experience of a number of countries, in particular Latvia, Estonia, Georgia, in counteracting Russian propaganda has been investigated.

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Commentary piece

Author(s): Villy Tsakona / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

This commentary piece offers some preliminary thoughts concerning Greek memes produced since COVID-19 disease arrived at Greece at the end of February 2020 through identifying an analogy between the sociopolitical conditions in Greece-under-lockdown and Orwell’s Oceania in his 1984 novel. It is specifically argued that such texts constitute political humour commenting on the abrupt, yet pervasive changes attested due to state measures against the spread of COVID-19 disease. To this end, memes collected from social media are discussed and interpreted in comparison with extracts from Orwell’s novel to point to striking similarities between the 1984 sociopolitical context and the Greek one. It is, however, suggested that there is a significant difference between the two contexts: in Orwell’s dystopia, humour seems to have no place at all; on the contrary, humour thrived in Greece-under-lockdown, especially among participants in the social media, in the form of rapidly created and disseminated memes. Memory (a central notion in Orwell’s novel) emerges as a crucial factor for the production of such humour in contemporary Greece and for its absence from Orwell’s Oceania.

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Nie tylko imigranci, czyli programy i działania skandynawskich prawicowych populistów

Author(s): Piotr Wiśniewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

In the second decade of the 21st century, populism is a very popular issue both in political science and in everyday media discourse. It is associated with crises: economic and liberal democracies, which has led to an increase in the im¬portance of anti-liberal and nationalist forces in the world. Also in Scandinavian countries we are dealing with such a phenomenon, although it should be empha¬sized that it did not arise there only in the 21st century. This article aims to present some of the postulates and actions of the largest Scandinavian right-wing populist parties and to define what political ideology they are closest to. As anti-immigration rhetoric is the main part of their program, the content of the article emphasizes other aspects that also affect the activities and popularity of these groups. These are economic, moral and environmental issues, as well as the attitude towards inter¬national organizations. For the purposes of this article, political programs as well as statements and activities of the more prominent representatives of the party in question were analyzed.

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The Toolkit of Nationalist Populism in Contemporary Hungary: Symbols, Objects, and Modalities of Circulation

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The Toolkit of Nationalist Populism in Contemporary Hungary: Symbols, Objects, and Modalities of Circulation

Author(s): Virág Molnár / Language(s): English Issue: 04/2021

Research on populism attributes great significance to mapping the distinctive discursive logic of populist reasoning (e.g., the trope of pitting corrupt elites against the people). This article aims to move beyond the primary focus on discursive structures to stress the role of symbols, objects, and different modalities of circulation in the political communication of populist ideas, using the case of Hungary. By tracing the history of one of the key symbols of nationalist populism—the image of “Greater Hungary”— from its emergence in the interwar period to its present-day use, the article shows how the meanings and material forms this symbol assumed in political communication that evolved under different political regimes. The analysis builds on extensive archival, ethnographic, and online data to highlight how the diversity of material forms and the conduits through which this image circulated have contributed to its endurance as a key political symbol. Symbols, like the Greater Hungary image, condense complex historical narratives into a powerful sign that can be easily objectified, reproduced, and diffused. Today’s differentiated consumer markets provide convenient conduits for this kind of material circulation. These symbols carry meaning in and of themselves as signs, and once they are turned into everyday objects, they facilitate the normalization of radical politics by increasing their salience and broad visibility.

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