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The Role of Trust in Political Corruption: Outline of the Subject

Author(s): Agnieszka Turska-Kawa / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2015

The article is an attempt to analyze the relations between political trust and one of the greatest problems of the public domain: political corruption. It seems obvious that corrupt behaviors revealed in the public space are supposed to undermine citizens’ political trust. This thesis has been empirically verified many times. The author of the paper presents the cause and effect model with institutional trust as the independent variable. The article is an attempt to analyze the possible directions of its influence on political corrupt behaviors, assuming political trust to be the starting point, not the consequence, of the “social disease” occurring in the public domain.

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INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE GOVERNMENT’S REMEMBRANCE POLICY

Author(s): Patryk Wawrzyński,Marek A. Muszyński,Gabriela Czarnek,Ralph Schattkowsky / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

The paper presents results of the experimental study on the government’s remembrance policy, attitudes towards it, and the influence of remembrance narratives. It discusses individual differences of participants on three different grounds: (1) interest in history or politics, and level of historical knowledge, (2) features of cognitive motivation measured by the need for closure questionnaire: preference of order, desire for predictability, discomfort with ambiguity, closed mindedness and decisiveness, and (3) response to the presented narrative, including inspired emotions and an assessment of a story. Collected data and research observations offer an interesting and valuable insight into relationships between various factors and citizen’s support for the remembrance policy. They also lead the team to formulate three conclusions which may be used to develop theoretical understandings of this aspect of politics within political science and related disciplines.

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Conspiracy Theory as a Working Method of Political Propaganda

Author(s): Štefan Ižák / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The paper Conspiracy theory as a working method of political propaganda deals with using of conspiracy theories by the specific (pro-Kremlin) kind of propaganda to spread certain ideological content. In the paper, the conspiracy theory The European Union organizes migration to Islamize Europe is analyzed. In the paper the internal logic of this conspiracy theory is revealed. The main objective of the paper is to analyze the argumentation strategies of this conspiracy theory and find out what kind of binarities analyzed conspiracy theory uses to legitimize its construction of reality. For the text analysis, a discourse analysis is chosen. This method allows me to analyze key discursive patterns characteristic for the set of collected news. The empirical part composed by the analysis of the research material follows the theoretical part of the paper, where the concept of conspiracy theory as the type of the discursive construction of reality and as a part of the political propaganda is presented. Results of research show that analyzed conspiracy theory disseminates concrete ideological views in favor of Eurosceptical, populist forces.

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Nespokojení (ne)demokraté? Analýza politické nespokojenosti v české společnosti

Author(s): Kateřina Zymová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 4/2021

The article focuses on feelings of political dissatisfaction in Czech society. In the context of widespread citizens disaffection in countries around the world, different explanations about its sources and possible consequences for democracies have appeared. Hence, some studies have pointed out that there may be different types of dissatisfaction that should be analyzed separately. Based on this assumption, five types of attitudes are identified in Czech society which are called satisfied, distrustful, apathetic, estranged, and disenchanted. The analysis of characteristics related to those attitudes suggests that compared to satisfied one, others may be characterized by lower willingness to participate in politics or lower levels of democratic support. This is especially important to consider when we look for possible solution of dissatisfaction for example in expanding opportunities for political participation.

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ON CONSPIRACY THINKING IN THE PHENOMENOLOGY OF MODERN CULTURE

Author(s): Inna Igorivna Kovalenko,Yuliia Vasylivna Meliakova,Eduard Anatoliyovych Kalnytskyi,Ksenia Nesterenko / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

The article analyzes the specifics of modern conspiracy thinking as a recognized object of humanitarian research. The authors traced the dynamics of the multi-aspect study of conspiracy theories against the background of the strengthening of conspiracy narrative in unstable ontologies. It is emphasized that periods of crisis actualize the conspiracy discourse with its paradoxical combination of rationalistic and affective-irrational thinking patterns. The factors contributing to the construction of a conspiracy narrative are considered. The social and personal-mental dimensions of conspiracy thinking are shown and substantiated. The characterology of conspiracy thinking is compared with the radical-constructivist and communicative-narrative logic of explaining the world. The difference between a conspiracy narrative and a political imaginary, as well as its connection with various forms of agency is shown.

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Lietuvos gyventojų polinkis kliautis sąmokslo teorijomis

Author(s): Arvydas Grišinas,Ainius Lašas,Ignas Kalpokas / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 4 (108)/2022

This article analyses the statistical validity of popular explanations for peoples’s tendency to rely on conspiracy theories in Lithuanian public discourse. The paper discovers that out of four most popular explanations, belief in paranormal phenomena and determinist thinking have the strongest correlation. The evaluation of one’s own perceived financial wellbeing also proves significance. Meanwhile, education, political knowledge and actual income level either correlate with tendency to rely on conspiratorial thinking sporadically or does not correlate at all. The study is based on a representative survey, conducted in Lithuania, in late 2021, and seeks to delineate the initial outlines for further research on the case of Lithuania, which has been only scarcely explored.

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RACISM ASPECTS IN TRUMP’ S INSULTING TWEETS

Author(s): Shaalan Najem Abdullah Shammari / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Because racism runs so deep in so many cultures, it has been a touchy subject for researchers to probe. The United States is only one of several nations that faces ongoing racism issues, especially inside its own political system. Donald Trump is often named as a political person who is racist because of the way he has spoken about minorities. This study makes an effort to shed light on the racism displayed by Trump's tweets, posted on Twitter between 2015 and 2019. The purpose of this study is to answer the following two research questions: 1) what linguistic tone does Trump use? And 2) what specific form of racism does Trump display in his tweets directed towards various minority groups? This paper uses Van Dijk's ideological square to uncover the enactment of racism in a discourse and Fairclough's three-dimensional approach to CDA to shed light on the political views that motivate Trump's tweets. The research indicates that Trump's racism fits the profile of "new racism," a classification that views ethnic, religious, and cultural differences as defining lines between the in-group ('Us') and the out-group ('Them'). His new racism can be related to Van Dijk's ideological construction of Positive "Us" and Negative "Them" by building three important aspects: 1) cultural distinctions between "Us" and "Them," 2) "Them" as a threat to U.S. security, and 3) "Them" as a threat to the U.S. economy. Trump's racist rhetoric is seen as a threat to the principles established by the United States Constitution. The immigration policies he has enacted, which are based on his racist ideology, have been shown to be extremely adverse to members of minority groups, making it impossible for them to achieve the kind of better life for which they have hoped. Overall, this research study will examine how Trump uses racism in his language to construct a positive self-presentation and a negative other-presentation.

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Personal social networks and individual voting turnout in a comparative perspective

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Personal social networks and individual voting turnout in a comparative perspective

Author(s): Oana Lavinia Lup / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

I use survey data collected in a comparative, cross-country study (Comparative National Election Project) to analyze the relationships between people’s embeddedness in either strong or weak social networks and their likelihood to participate in elections in countries with different length of democratic experiences. Results indicate that exclusive exposure to similar political views either in strong or weak social networks increases the likelihood of voting, while exposure to a mix of similar and dissimilar political views has a mobilizing role when occurring in weak networks, in countries with a longer democratic past.

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UTOPIAN SOCIALISM AND THE PROBLEM OF VALUES

Author(s): Petru Dunca,Lenuța-Ioana DUNCA / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 28/2022

This article will deal with some aspects of utopian socialism and will highlight the human being as a moral actor in the utopian Marxist society. Thus, Karl Marx's conception of the values of the bourgeoisie and ethics will be illustrated. Marx having quite a strong influence on some key concepts in ethics. There has been a "crisis of values" in utopian socialist societies because fundamental values such as freedom, justice, responsibility, or trust had a different meaning.

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ON BEHALF OF POLITICAL CORRECTNESS

Author(s): Alina Turtă / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 28/2022

For a better understanding of the well-known ideology of political correctness (PC) and its whole functional system, there is a certain necessity of ‘diving’ underneath the original paths and myths. The story that has already been developed through many years and places until what we all recognize as being politically correct or incorrect around ourselves these days holds back an important amount of information that has its deep roots stuck within the concept of communism. According to the latest researches, two antagonistic perspectives and attitudes can be underlined among the two different political parties: people of the left strongly believe in the generosity of the concept and its protection offered to the minorities, while the right opponents mostly confirm an identity of it within the menacing power of censorship. How would the Left party describe their entire work and ideas? What would they have in common with the Right party’s thoughts? How much of it is real and how much of a myth? These are part of the questions that we tried to answer within the further lines.

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THE IMPACT CHINA AND WESTERN DONORS HAVE HAD ON AFRICA TO ENSURE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FOREIGN AID

Author(s): Raveena Parbhoo / Language(s): English Issue: 34/2023

Foreign aid is regarded as one of the most essential components of the global development cooperation effort, and it represents a transfer of aid from governments and institutions in developed countries to underdeveloped nations. Africa has remained undeveloped despite receiving multiple assistance packages for various reasons and in various forms. Aid management is critical in ensuring that aid plays the intended beneficial role in development and in recognizing the progress made by the donor and the recipient as they can complement each other's efforts in building a better-developed Africa. This study will delve into the effectiveness of foreign aid in Africa and it will highlight China as a new emerging donor and compare it to traditional Western aid donors. The comparison of both sides will help understand how aid has shaped the development route on the continent. Comparing various approaches can ultimately break the chain of ineffective aid and challenge both donors and recipients to be more aware of the use of aid and aims to help identify where foreign aid is falling short of becoming most effective. Operationalizing the effectiveness of implementation is an important aspect that seeks to determine whether aid projects set up are creating the desired results. The factors that affect aid effectiveness in implementing foreign aid in Africa are important to note, as it has been an ongoing development process for decades to lift living standards and achieve Sustainable Development Goals. Donors and recipients may not always fulfill their partnership obligations and may fall short of the common goals they set. A better understanding of Africa’s partnership with donors will help in reaching better outcomes and long-term results that can help to create a positive impact, avoid aid flowing into unknown loopholes, minimize bad governance, and create transparency and accountability, which will help to increase the opportunity to meet the desired results.

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Göz İzleme Tekniği ile Bir Siyasal Pazarlama İletişimi Araştırması: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti 2023 Cumhurbaşkanlığı Seçimi Billboardlarının Analizi

Author(s): Doğuş YÜKSEL / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 3/2023

Purpose – This research aims to analyze the billboard campaigns employed during the 2023 Presidential Elections in Türkiye through eye-tracking and to evaluate the effectiveness of these with political marketing perspective. Design/methodology/approach – In the study, billboards were obtained from the official election kits of candidates, parties, and alliances. The study is limited to candidates, parties, and alliances that published official election kits. Billboards were analyzed using an artificial intelligence-based eye-tracking method, which is based on an analysis process where algorithms trained with real eye-tracking data are utilized to analyze new visuals. Findings – As a result of the analyses, heat maps were generated. The attention to the elements within the billboard designs was visualized using these heat maps. It was observed that elements with textual content received greater attention, and key slogans such as 'right, independence, strong, and President' were identified as focal points. Furthermore, an increase in the number of elements used in billboards corresponded to a dispersion of attention across these elements. Discussion – Significant findings, not attainable through traditional methods, were obtained through the eye-tracking method regarding billboards. Therefore, the utilization of neuromarketing tools in political marketing communication campaigns should become integral to such processess. The incorporation of reassuring keywords enhances the interest in slogans. Logos of the wordmark type (text logos) were found to be an element increasing interest in logos. To enhance the efficiency of campaign strategy, it is suggested to create billboards with fewer elements or, in cases of utilizing numerous elements, to diversify the billboards.

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Considerations on the role of information (-psychological) operations in Russian military thinking

Author(s): EVELINE MĂRĂȘOIU / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2023

Russian military thinking and strategic documents attribute information warfare (and its associated concepts) to external authors only. This creates a vacuum in terms of how Russia actually implements itself information-psychological operations and how this fits into the broader Russian military thinking. This article looks at how information (-psychological) operations (IOs) are applied pragmatically through the prism of specific and well-established Russian concepts, such as Reflexive Control, Asymmetry and Initial Period of War, with a specific focus on the current conflict in Ukraine. It also looks at specific capabilities and formation in the field of IOs, as pertaining to the military field.

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Acid Rider. Idea „komunizmu kwasowego” Marka Fishera a doświadczenie zewnętrzności

Author(s): Andrzej Karalus / Language(s): Polish Issue: 40/2021

Acid Communism remains an intriguing but regrettably unfinished intro-ductory sketch to the Mark Fisher’s unwritten historical reconstruction of thoseradical political projects which grew up out of the psychedelic culture. This com-pelling idea is a consequence of Fisher’s prior theoretical endeavours. The articleattempts to embed his idea of “acid communism” in a broader context, focusing onFisher’s reflection on psychedelic experience, defined as a form of contact with theOutside. I argue that there is a striking convergence between the conception of “acidcommunism” and matters discussed by Fisher in his last book, The Weird and theEerie, where he analyzed potentially transformative shock of an encounter withradical Otherness. For that reason I will address briefly two musical and culturalphenomena which came into being after the psychedelic era and use them as exem-plifications of the “weird” and “eerie” modes of experience, unfulfilled promises ofpost-capitalist future, which did not find political representation and sank to thelevel of unrealized and “haunted” future of modernism. In the concluding part ofmy article I would show how the idea of “acid communism” is tied to the questionregarding the so called post-capitalist desire and to the Fisher’s idiosyncratic versionof futurist-accelerationism.

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BILLBOARD AND STREET DISPLAYS IN ADVERTISING ECONOMY. CASE STUDY: THE LOCAL ELECTION CAMPAIGN IN ARAD

Author(s): Carmen Neamțu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 37/2024

The work aims to distinguish billboards and street displays in the context of advertising typology, differentiating between the terms ‘publicity’ and ‘advertisement,’ and reviewing the main types of existing advertisements based on the medium they appear on. The study examines how politicians and their political parties present themselves to the voters in Arad during the 2024 electoral year, using outdoor advertising during the pre-campaign period. The examples collected from Arad have appeared between March 1st and June 7th, 2024, capturing the local electoral moment. Eight candidates are competing for the mayor’s seat in Arad: Leontin Aslău (AUR), Attila Csaba Veres (UDMR), Ilie Cheșa (PSD), Călin Laurențiu Bibarș (PNL), Bogdan Lăbășan (SOS), Cristian Aurel Galea (AD), Adrian Wiener (ADU-USR) and Dănuț Tudor Cotuna (PULS).

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Zrcadlo profese: Slovní asociace sociálních pracovníků ve veřejné správě

Author(s): Zuzana Truhlářová,Jana Marie Havigerová,Jiří Haviger / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1-2/2023

This study captures them based on the pandemic experience of social workers in public administration using word associations, how they perceive the content of words (I, social worker, professionalism) in relation to the performance of the social work profession. The research set included 576 employees of social public administration. This study is part of a research that is based on an extensive quantitative research strategy, the method of data collection was a questionnaire. The word association technique was chosen as the data acquisition technique. Social workers associated three key words (self, social worker, professionalism). Associations associated with them help to identify central tendencies in a group of social workers, associated with associated phenomena. In our research, we found a tendency for high identification with the profession, the profession is perceived from the perspective of help, professionalism is perceived as knowledge, experience and in the context of consulting

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Speech Acts and Leech's Maxims in Presidential Insulting

Author(s): Zainab Kadim Igaab,Intidhar Kadhim Owaid / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2024

There are many verbal crimes that are punishable by law and they cause harm to the listener. An insult is one of these crimes and it can be defined as an unfriendly action in which speakers by saying or doing something rude or insensitive intends to affront their interlocutors. Linguistically, insults have traditionally been categorized as semantic items (words or phrases) conveying the communicative intention to hurt or injure psychologically an interlocutor. Although basically an insult is a verbal weapon used to offend, it very often becomes elaborate communicative acts that entail such complex levels of intentionality, cultural awareness or inferential processes that transcend this primary usage. Therefore, the “insulting” effects greatly depend on contextual attributes, and on the underlying intention together with the inferential conclusions on the part of the interlocutor. Accordingly, this study which is quantitative sets the following aims: Shedding light on the most common types of speech acts that are used to convey the insulting meaning and identifying the type of politeness maxim that is violated in the insulted messages. The researcher hypothesizes the following: assertive speech acts are the most frequent types of speech acts which are used to reflect insult and the most common violated politeness maxim in insult is tact maxim. The researcher adopts an eclectic model which consists of Speech Act Theory by Searle and Vanderveken (1985) and Leech's Politeness Principle (1983-2014). This study arrives at the following: assertives are the most common speech acts but the indirect speech acts are more than the direct ones to express insult and the approbation maxim is the most violated maxim in the presidential speeches to express insult.

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FORMATION OF DIGITAL IDENTITY THROUGH POLITICAL SOCIALIZATION IN GENERATION Y AND GENERATION Z

Author(s): Ivo Maev / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

This article explores the formation of digital identity through political socialization in Generation Y (Millennials) and Generation Z. As Generation Y experienced the transition from an analog to a digital world, and Generation Z has been immersed in digital technology since birth, this study examines the implications of these different contexts on identity formation. Utilizing Bourdieu‘s concept of habitus, the study investigates how democratization and disintermediation shape political socialization in both generations. The research focuses on the influence of family, traditional media, and digital networks in transmitting political values. Key questions addressed include the changing contexts of political socialization, the role of digital networks in the transmission of political values, and the impact of individualism and diversity in shaping political attitudes. The study highlights the importance of understanding digital media‘s role in contemporary political socialization, offering insights into the evolving landscape of political engagement among young people.

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Страх і ненависть у Німеччині. Чому німці все більше вірять популістам

Author(s): Oleksandr Holubov / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 03/2024

Germany is witnessing a surge in populism, with the “Alternative for Germany” (AfD) gaining significant traction, particularly in the eastern regions. This rise is accompanied by an alarming increase in politically motivated violence, reaching over 60,000 incidents in 2023. The AfD’s appeal among young voters and its strong presence on social media platforms like TikTok are notable factors. Economic concerns, migration issues, and a general dissatisfaction with traditional political parties contribute to this trend. The narrative also highlights the role of misinformation and the challenges faced by traditional media in countering populist rhetoric. The growing polarization in German politics is evident, with both right and left-wing populist movements gaining ground. The document calls for a more effective response from traditional parties to address these challenges and restore public trust.

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Neke determinante političke apstinencije birača

Author(s): Dijana Sulejmanović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 17/2024

The goal of this research is to examine whether personality traits and tendencies towards certain behaviors or attitudes are significantly related to political abstinence. The survey was conducted online on a volunteer sample (N = 1435) aged between 18 and 71 years, with the majority of respondents being female (988 respondents or 68.8%). The main research hypothesis “Personality and attitudinal differences are predictors of behavioral reactions in the situation of electoral behavior” was partially confirmed by this research.

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