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THE REGIME AND EFFECTIVENESS OF 2022 ECONOMIC SANCTIONS AGAINST THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Author(s): Cristian Băhnăreanu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In the early 2022, the world economy is recovering from the decline caused by Covid-19 pandemic –the central banks being prepared to gradually withdraw fiscal and monetary support. The Russian military’s invasion of Ukraine and subsequent sanctions have reversed this trend and risks and uncertainty have suddenly returned amid rising energy, food and other important commodity prices, inflationary pressures, deterioration in financial and labor market conditions. This paper outlines the general framework of economic sanctions, reviews the sanctions adopted by the international community against Russia in the first 100 days of brutal, unjustified and unprovoked illegal military aggression against Ukraine, and identifies their effectiveness and impact on Russia’s economic and financial system.

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THE IMPACT OF THE UKRAINIAN REFUGEE WAVE ON REGIONAL SECURITY. RISK ASSESSMENT AND EVOLVING SCENARIOS

Author(s): Teodora-Ioana MORARU / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In today’s society, instability and conflict are growing more prevalent, with citizens fearing for what is next, for what some state actor might do, and its impact on our lives and our children. The ongoing Russian-Ukrainian conflict presents a gloomy scenario in which all our beliefs, as European citizens, seem only to survive as glimpses of hope. The probability of such an impactful conflict and the unlikely military conventionalism related to it makes every citizen of any European country to doubt the safety net in which we thought to be, so far. The most devastating effect, specific and real at this moment, of the near conflict in Europe is an economic one since a new refugee wave threatens to destabilize all societal equilibrium. On the other side of the barricade, Russia's position is mainly due to the internal challenges it faces, as its economy is destabilized by United States sanctions. Low oil prices at the end of the second decade of the 21st century is causing serious economic problems in the Russian Federation. Thus, the state faces a rather weak demographic outlook in the future, which is why it is looking for solutions for expansion and evolution, both globally and as a major regional player.

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AMENINȚĂRILE DE TIP TRANSNAȚIONAL ÎN ERA GLOBALIZĂRII. PSIHO-SOCIOLOGIA ATACURILOR TERORISTE DIN CATALONIA

Author(s): Rodica-Cristina BĂLAN Liseanu / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Terrorist threats to European security in the context of globalisation are of major relevance because of their global implications at the psycho-socio-individual level. This article proposes a qualitative analysis of the two terrorist attacks in Barcelona and Cambrils on 17-18 August 2017, claimed by ISIS members of the Salafist insurgent group. The approach brings to attention the issue of transnational threats and the anomie of terror partisans. The characteristics of the terrorist's personality profile, the pyramidal structure of involvement within a group, motivation, dynamics of actions according to intra-cellular organization, sphere of interest according to geographical location, level of involvement, influence of social, economic, cultural realities are brought under the microscope of analysis. A detailed analysis reveals the meticulousness of the practices of the groups, with a view to prevention and increasing the solidarity of the responsible institutions and civil society in combating the phenomenon.

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Coordonate esențiale ale situației umanitar-migraționiste din Ucraina; impactul acesteia în ce privește România

Author(s): Adrian Băncilă / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

From 2022, an unprecedented armed conflict, in the last 50 years in this area of the world, is taking place on Romania's borders. Our country has shown a high level of generosity, hospitality and solidarity in its efforts to help Ukrainian refugees fleeing the armed conflicts in their homeland. The Romanian government has implemented policies and emergency measures to provide protection, access to vital services and social inclusion in national systems. As far as Romania is concerned, the characteristics of the refugee population have imposed an integrated approach to educational services. This approach was adapted to combat language barriers but also the reluctance of the refugees to call on educational services based on their personal conviction. Romania, through its leadership, realized on the occasion of the serious events that took place in 2022, that in the Romanian administrative systems the administrative barriers still remain significant and only through sustained and coordinated efforts (consisting of legislative interventions and changes in public policies and strategies) can they be overcome.

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Războiul din Ucraina și provocările la adresa securității publice

Author(s): Sorin-Stelian Căpățînă / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Started in February 2022, through a military aggression by Russia, the war in Ukraine represents a threat to international security, but it can affect, without reaching the generalization of the conflict, the public security of the states of Europe, but especially of the states near the area of conflict.Like any military conflict, it generates a series of crises in the economic, social, humanitarian, public order etc. The huge wave of refugees transited the states bordering the conflict, to take shelter from the war, generating a series of social problems in the destination countries.The challenges to public security must be analysed from multiple perspectives: of crime, of public pressure determined by the population of the destination countries, of the economic and social impact that the European Union states must sustain for supporting the Ukrainian war effort, and subsequently for reconstruction of affected areas.In creating scenarios of crisis evolution, past events must be considered. The refugee crisis caused by emigrants from North Africa and the Middle East has caused a series of economic and social problems in Europe, sometimes culminating in population protest movements against population that have committed delicts or crimes.Refugees or migrants are not always just helpless people running from war or repression in their countries of origin; elements that are part of organized crime networks or, why not, terrorist can easily infiltrate among them.Starting from some certain aspects, the article wants to identify and analyse potential aspects that could affect public security, in the context of the Ukrainian crisis.

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IMPLICAȚIILE CRIMINALITĂȚII ASUPRA SOCIETĂȚII ÎN CONTEXTUL RĂZBOIULUI RUSO UCRAINEAN

Author(s): George-Ciprian Gîrleanu / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The new geopolitical and geostrategic realities in the context of the war in Ukraine led to the exacerbation of common law crime and white collar crime and they represent a threat to National Security by making the integrated defence systems of National Security and public order vulnerable. An increase of corruption among civil servants and law enforcements led to the development of some unlawful underground economies powered by the war of Ukraine. Consequently, it results in a “sick” economy with direct effects on the regular citizen amplified by the arisal of new methods and forms of committing a crime in the context of the globalization of criminality which represent both a plague of this millenium and the biggest threat to the “healthy” development of a democratic state. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the legislative acquis and the system of public order and national security in order to fight against criminality in the context of new challenges that feed the anomie in society.

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Fraudele prin atribuirea identității unor persoane din cadrul unităților bancare

Author(s): Vasile-Cătălin GOLOP / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Impersonation fraud is a major problem in the financial sector and can have significant consequences for banks and their customers. This problem is growing as technology evolves and the number of online financial transactions increases. Thus, this research topic is important and topical as it aims to identify the causes that foster identity attribution fraud and to identify the most effective methods to prevent and pre-empt it. In addition, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, many banks have moved to online banking, which has increased the risk of cyber fraud and made the topic of this research even more relevant. There is also an increased need to protect customers' data and financial information, making this research important for the development of a safer and more secure banking environment. This research study could have a positive impact on the banking industry and its customers by creating more effective policies and procedures to prevent and combat identity attribution fraud.In conclusion, research in this area has focused on developing technological and methodological solutions for the prevention and detection of identity-attribution fraud in banking establishments.

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Importanța cunoașterii populației pentru activitățile specifice poliției

Author(s): Vasile-Cătălin GOLOP / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Knowledge of the population is extremely important for specific policing activities as it can help to identify security problems and develop strategies to prevent anti-social crime. By knowing the population, police can better understand the culture, customs and values of the community. This knowledge can help identify vulnerable groups, those who may be vulnerable to crime or tempted to commit it. Knowledge of the population can also be useful in establishing effective communication between the police and the community. By understanding the needs and expectations of the community, the police can develop strategies to involve the community in crime prevention and crime fighting activities. In addition, knowledge of the population can help to identify high-risk areas, areas where offences against the law frequently occur or where there are public safety problems. In order to develop community-specific preventive strategies, the police need to identify and assess community-specific risk factors. Identifying and assessing risk factors are essential steps in the crime prevention process and can help to develop appropriate preventive strategies. One of the main objectives of population awareness in the work of preventing crimes harmful to society is to develop specific preventive measures tailored to the needs of the community.

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Prevenirea și Combaterea Criminalității Informatice din Perspectiva Cooperării Polițienești Internaționale

Author(s): Alexandru Ignat,Ciprian Eugeniu CONSTANTIN / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

We can state that with each passing day, our world is becoming increasingly digitized and the accessibility of the population to information resources and computer systems is becoming more and more diversified, while awareness and education regarding online security are not, unfortunately, a priority discussed on the agenda, yet. As technology advances, people become more dependent on it, and preventing and combating cybercrime becomes an increasingly pressing issue. International police cooperation is essential in addressing this type of often organized crime, as most cybercrimes surpass conventional borders. Thus, strong and efficient collaboration among law enforcement agencies from different countries can contribute to identifying and pursuing criminals who exploit computer systems, as well as exchanging vital information for preventing future cyber attacks. This requires the development of common protocols and procedures, open and transparent communication, and a shared commitment to protecting citizens and public institutions. Additionally, public education and awareness are of paramount importance in preventing crimes within the realm of cybercrime. In an increasingly interconnected world, we must ensure that a significant portion of the population understands the risks associated with technology usage and is prepared to protect themselves or detect and report violations of rights in the online environment.

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SECURITATEA PORTUARĂ ȘI POLITICILE UNIUNII EUROPENE

Author(s): Lucian GRĂJDEANU,Sorin-Constantin Lică / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The continuous increase in the demand for transport is in the constant attention of the European Commission, which has launched a "new visionary exercise" applicable to the future of all modes of transport, with an emphasis on continuing the process of liberalization and reducing the impact on the environment - the transport system consumes almost 30 % of energy generated in member villages – by reducing dependence on oil imports, greenhouse gas emissions and accidents. This article draws attention to the considerable challenges faced by the European Union and, implicitly, our country, in order to respond to permanent transport needs, in the context of demographic changes and the reorientation of investment capacities in the port field, all influenced by the maintenance of the situation determined by the evolution of the conflict in Ukraine.

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CANABISUL PE PIAȚA DE DROGURI A UNIUNII EUROPENE PÂNĂ ÎN ANUL 2020

Author(s): Gabriel Călin NISTOR,Sergiu-Adrian VASILE / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Cannabis is the main drug market in the European Union and an important source of income for organized crime groups. Young people start using from a very young age, it estimates that one in seven young people between the ages of 15 and 34 has used cannabis in the last year. Europe is a major producer of cannabis, it is estimated that more than 20000 cannabis plots are discovered every year. The cannabis market is becoming more and more complex, although still the main products are marijuana and cannabis resin, cannabis oils with a high level of THC, synthetic cannabinoids, or other low-thc products are starting to appear on the market sold in different forms. In this article we will analyze the consequences of the drug markets (consequences for society, the environment, etc.), the factors that lead to the development of these markets, such as the globalization and the development of the technology, after which we will present the cannabis market in Europe, with the following subdivisions: production of marijuana and cannabis resin within and outside EU states, trafficking of marijuana and cannabis resin within and outside EU states, the situation of cannabis in Romania, to conclude with a series of conclusions regarding this market and measures for European states.

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PIAȚA INTERNAȚIONALĂ A COCAINEI

Author(s): Gabriel Călin NISTOR,Sergiu-Adrian VASILE / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Organized crime groups are in full expansion and development, with ever-increasing revenues obtained from illicit activities. Drug trafficking represents an important source for these groups, constituting a permanent threat to the security of states. In smaller or larger proportions, each state is faced with this problem born from drug consumption and trafficking. The period 2010-2020 was a flourishing decade for the cocaine market, setting new records in terms of production, and a permanent increase in consumption among the population (the global area of coca leaf cultivation – 234,000 cultivated hectares, 1982 tons of cocaine pure produced – up by 11% compared to the previous year, 1424 tons of different purity confiscated by the authorities – up by 4.5%, the total number of consumers – 21 million.). The western and central European area represents the second market after North America (in Europe the cocaine market is the second largest after the cannabis market, only at the level of the European Union, in 2021 the number of consumers aged between 15 and 64 was 3.5 million (young consumers between the ages of 15 and 35 – 2.2 million), and the number of people who have consumed cocaine at least once in their life amounts to 14.4 million.). In the next article we will take a look at the global cocaine market; we will analyze the main producing countries: Colombia, Peru and Bolivia, we will also analyze the main traffic routes and methods, the key moments of the last years of the market, the European cocaine market and we will conclude with a series of conclusions.

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BUSOLA STRATEGICĂ – NOUL INSTRUMENT COMUN DE SECURITATE EUROPEANĂ

Author(s): Gabriel Pereş / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The European Strategic Compass is a comprehensive approach developed by the European Union (EU) to guide the development and implementation of its defense and security policies. The Project was launched in 2020 as part of the EU efforts to enhance its military and civilian capabilities in order to face current and future security challenges. The Strategic Compass is designed to provide a strategic direction for the EU defense and security policies, taking into account the changing security environment, technological developments, and the need for collective action. It covers a wide range of issues, including military operations, crisis management, counterterrorism, cyber security, defense industry, and research and development. Europe is preparing to have a guided strategy that assesses risks and finds useful and timely solutions in such a way that the degree of security remains at high standards.

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Provocări în gestionarea migrației– Pactul UE privind migrația și azilul

Author(s): Bianca-Ioana Petcu / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Migration has been a feature of human existence for centuries. People have always migrated in groups or individually to seek freedom, to escape poverty, to find new economic opportunities, to flee religious intolerance or political repression and this process is impacting both countries of origin and countries of destination. The issue of migration is complex. Through a well-managed system, migration can contribute to growth, innovation and social dynamism. Both the safety of people seeking international protection or seeking a better life must be taken into account, as well as the concerns of destination countries who fear that migration pressures will exceed their capacities. Following the Refugee Crisis of 2015-2016 and the different way in which Member States were impacted, it was identified the need to build a system to manage and normalize migration in the long term and which is fully based on European values and the international law. In this sense, the steps for the action of the Pact on Migration and Asylum have been initiated, which specifies that no Member State should assume a disproportionate responsibility and that all Member States should constantly contribute to solidarity, aiming a solid and balanced management of migration flows that are looking for a better life on the territory of the European Union. This new common framework will set out the principles and structures needed for an integrated approach over the migration and asylum policy, in order to ensures a fair share of responsibility and effective management of mixed arrivals: both persons in need of international protection and persons that do not need such protection.

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IMPACTUL PROFILULUI ETNIC DISCRIMINATORIU ÎN ACTIVITATEA POLIȚIEI

Author(s): Ciprian Eugeniu CONSTANTIN,Beatrice-Geanina Romanescu / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The creation of this profile will be considered discriminatory when the police will exercise its autority upon people, having principal reason or exclusively the race, the ethnicity or the religion of the persons concerned. The creation of ethnic profiles present a number of limits and, even if they can be considered an efficient instrument of crime's detection, in the short term, the profiles are predictable and avoidable. In police activity specific measure is applied, which diminishes or even eliminate the risk of creating a discriminatory ethnic profile. These measures will be adopted in both organizational and operational terms.

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Aspecte ale fluxului de aer prin galeria de admisie a unui motor marin cu turbină

Author(s): George Bălan,Amado Ștefan,Vasile Năstăsescu / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The paper presents aspects related to the flow of air through the intake manifold of a turbine engine, for its maximum operating regime. The manifold pressure losses are calculated using the analytical relations. For a more accurate calculation, the flow is calculated with numerical methods.

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ȘEF SAU LIDER - ASPECTE ALE MANAGEMENTULUI SITUAȚIILOR DE URGENȚĂ

Author(s): Ion Peligrad,Andrei-Cătălin Caragea / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The aim of this paper is to analyse the personality of a boss in antithesis to the personality of a leader by defining and differentiating them. The methodology of the research carried out is to start from the initial emergence of these terms to the present day. The paper includes both a theoretical comparison of the two types of leadership and a practical comparison of two known historical personalities, and on the basis of the results obtained, leadership styles in emergency management are highlighted. The essential conclusion of this paper is the notion of innate leadership resulting from the analysis as well as the identical result of comparing the two typologies mentioned above regardless of the historical moment in which it takes place.

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METODICI EXPERIMENTALE DE SPECTROMETRIE ÎN CERCETĂRI DE MEDIU

Author(s): Irinel Alexandru Precup,Liviu Valentin Bălănescu / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Spectrometry and measurements of radioactive background are used to detect and quantify levels of ionizing radiation in various environments, including air, water, and soil. These techniques allow the determination of the type and quantity of radionuclides present in a sample and can be used to evaluate the impact of radiation on human health and the environment. Spectrometry involves detecting and analyzing the radiation emitted by radioactive materials, while measurements of radioactive background refer to measuring the level of background radiation in a particular environment or location. Measurements of radioactive background are important in assessing the risks associated with exposure to radiation in a given environment. These measurements are carried out using measuring instruments such as dosimeters, radiation detectors, or spectrometers and allow the monitoring of radiation levels in various environments, including areas where there are natural or artificial sources of radiation. Overall, spectrometry and measurements of radioactive background are essential for evaluating the risks associated with exposure to radiation and for protecting human health and the environment.

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PROTECȚIA INVESTIGATORULUI LA INCENDII PE TIMPUL CERCETĂRII LA FAȚA LOCULUI

Author(s): George Sorescu / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

In conducting the investigation of the causes of the fire, through on-site investigation, the investigator/investigators are subject to risks to health and bodily integrity. After any fire, apparently, the main risk has passed, but after it several dangers remain active, some of which are visible, immediately perceptible, and others with hidden effects, with consequences over time. The article seeks to shed light on these risks and tries to induce a necessary conduct in those who investigate fires.

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Aspecte legate de dinamica vehiculelor imersate tractate cu cablu

Author(s): Bogdan Vlădescu,Amado Ștefan,Florina Bucur / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The article presents the dynamics equations of a vehicle immersed in water and towed by a cable. To solve the system of differential equations, the hydrodynamic characteristics of the immersed body are taken into account. The systems are solved for different towing speeds.

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