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A Middle Eastern Perspective on Partner Capacity Building

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A Middle Eastern Perspective on Partner Capacity Building

Author(s): Habib M. Sayah / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2016

Overall, counterinsurgency should be rethought from the perspective of Arab-Muslim host states facing a domestic or regional insurgency, far from orthodox conceptions of this paradigm. A renewed, indigenous understanding of COIN could become the strategic operating concept, guiding the “positioning and application of kinetic (military) and political (non-military) uses of power to achieve national (strategic) aims,” underpinning MENA states’ national efforts to address their domestic and regional challenges and improving cooperation between them and their NATO allies. For these purposes we should adopt a holistic, flexible approach to COIN, and train and prepare armies and civilian players to respond adequately to complex insurgencies.

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A Military-Historical Retrospective of the Identity of the Ukrainian Armed Forces

Author(s): Igor Kopõtin / Language(s): English / Issue: 7/2017

One characteristic of the organisational culture of the armed forces is the collectivist disciplinary model. This model is based on values that have developed by the officers’ corps as ‘experts of violence’. Military professionalism is considered to the main value-based concept and is shaped by military, instrumental, nationalist, and traditionalist aspects. A military (self)-identity based on the above aspects can be seen as a type of formalism that is the sum total of other values of individual and collective (including the unconscious) identity. In other words, a serviceman, especially an officer, may also be influenced by the elements of his other non-military identities, e.g. ethnic, religious, political, sexual, or other value-based identities.

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A MULTI-CRITERIA ANALYSIS OF AIR COMMUNICATION PLATFORMS WITHIN THE HYBRID OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

Author(s): Cătălin Cioacă,Daniela Ștefănescu / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2015

The air communication platforms, using the accelerated technological progress with spectacular effects in the field of developed performance, takes an important role in providing information regarding connectivity in this field. The requirements which the military communications systems must fulfill are formulated in connection with mission objectives. Quantification of the utility for air communications platforms using binomial multi-criteria analysis and analytic hierarchy process provides decision makers with the basic knowledge needed to increase the operational capabilities of forces. The planning process must integrate the requirement of continuous, secure distance communications under any circumstances. The designed model gives the opportunity to identify the best solutions for increasing the utility of aerial communications platforms (tactical satellites, high, medium and low altitude aerial platforms) in various contexts and scenarios.

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A NATO Solution for Macedonia

Author(s): Specified No Author / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2008

Macedonia hopes to get an invitation to join the NATO alliance, along with Croatia and Albania, at next month's NATO Summit in Bucharest. However, the prospects of Macedonia to be invited to NATO membership when the NATO allies meet on 2-4 April 2008, is in a state of impasse, with Greece having made it clear that it would veto in the NATO summit any decision for inviting Macedonia to join the Alliance, unless Macedonia and Greece would agree on the name dispute, which under current circumstances will be difficult to happen. Macedonia’s name, the Greeks say, implies territorial aspirations on their own northern province, also called Macedonia.

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A NEW APPROACH TO ANALYZING THE CURRENT GLOBAL SYSTEM

Author(s): Răzvan Buzatu / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2014

It is always a challenge to see the world as it is or through someone else’s eyes or through everybody’s eyes or through the lenses of the system that we created in the past several millennia. The present paper endeavors to provide the necessary instruments to use a multilens approach to analyzing how this complex dynamic and adaptive system that we call the world works. Based on this approach, I am analyzing the status of development and evolution of the core of this system, which, for now, it is still the nation-state. I am also using the fact that we created this global system within the eco-system and that, in this moment, if we want to see what are our problems, but also our solutions, we should look at the world as a single organism, but also as distinct parts, because we are still divided between our reductionist approach and an integrated complex approach.

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A NEW CHALLENGE REGARDING REGIONAL SECURITY. ROMANIA – PART OF VISEGRAD GROUP AND/OR CRAIOVA GROUP

Author(s): Virgil Bălăceanu / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2014

The Ukraine crisis dramatically changes the security paradigm in Europe, especially in the areas of NATO and EU borders. The current state of affairs is an unfortunate one from a regional and European security and stability point of view and it contemporizes once again not only aspects related to the highly destructive conflicts of the past century, but also reveals the necessity of developing and initiating multiple new modalities of cooperation in the field of security. The importance of defense itself gains new understanding, following a period of time when these aspects were regarded as not being that important, especially from a political point of view. The regional defense cooperation forms that are in full effect at the moment will definitely be consolidated with a larger concentration of cooperation domains in the essential directions, like arms cooperation, joint training and strategic and operation cooperation, as well as the ones generating the force. The lessons learned from the northern states’ regional cooperation will be applied in other areas, as we will be seeing a rapid development of the ways and measures of the military cooperation of the Visegrad Group, as Poland becomes a worthwhile player in regard to national defense, but also in regard to the way it represents its security interests, especially in its area of influence. Until now, the military cooperation in southeastern Europe depended on outdated and lacking in substance forms. This is where the important role that Romania can play could come into effect, in organizing and maintaining the so called Craiova Group, where along Bulgaria and Serbia it can promote its defense interests in an essential space in regard to the possible maneuvering of forces in order to assure the joint national defense.

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A NEW GENERATION OF MILITARY CONFLICT TECHNOLOGY – THE FOURTH GENERATION WARFARE

Author(s): Sorin Topor / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2006

The new wave of technological revolution as a whole has induced a new phenomenon in the military field, phenomenon represented by the implementation of the electronics and cybernetics latest methods and techniques leading to the military equipment miniaturization and adapting the latest discoveries in Maths, Physics, Chemistry and other scientific top fields to the battlefield contemporary demands. That’s why within military scientific environment the study of contemporary military conflict has always generated numerous debates about the concepts, forms and future of military conflicts.

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A new science on human security

Author(s): Leszek Fryderyk Korzeniowski / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2016

Subjective security (security of a subject) is a state of a subject, its potential and abilities of adequate reaction to hazards as well as an issue of protecting a subject from any hazards. The first scientific analyses of security issue have been known for eighty years now, however, formally science on security as an academic subject was registered (in Poland) just in 2011, in a new distinguished area and field of social science. One observes a wide diversification of the security sciences. Giv-en these facts the goal of the paper is to present a selected aspects associated with human security.

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A NEW STRATEGY FOR IRAQ AND THE CONTINUATION OF THE WAR AGAINST TERRORISM

Author(s): Constantin Gheorghe Balaban / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2007

Immediately after the 9/11 events, the whole world was on America’s side in its anti-terrorism campaign but in more than five years after the event this unity was abraded. In March 2003, USA started the Iraqi war which – although seemed to end very quickly – today is a true cask with powder. There is no day without killings and the tensions between Shi’a and Sunni turn to a civil war. The El Pais newspaper wrote that the continuity of the USA’s participation to this long and bloody fight probably will make that its end to be a “frontal encounter with Iran and with a great part of the Islamic world”1 . In the same time, USA has a new engagement in Afghanistan where the intensification of the Talibans’ attacks forced Washington to think of the troops’ supplementation in the theatre, despite a more stressed opposition of the democrats and the American population. The White house Administration now tries to redefine its preventive action conception and will continue its plans regarding the emplacement the antimissile shield2 on Czech and Poland territories, “no matter if the NATO allies agree or not” - as general Henry Obring, the head of the Antimissile Defence Agency, stated3 . President Bush motivated that “our nation depends on foreign oil and this dependence makes us more vulnerable to hostile regimes, to terrorists. Furthermore, brings us more prejudices to our economy”. References to the new American strategy for Iraq and to the continuation of the war against the terrorism try to clarify this hot subject that some analysts watch with concern and appreciate as an indirect contribution of USA to the terrorism dissemination.

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A Political History of Civil-Military Relations in Yemen

Author(s): Khaled Fattah / Language(s): English / Issue: Special/2010

Civil-military relations are power relations that encompass not only the relations between the military and political elite, but further all relations between the military and society at all levels. In the case of Yemen, the poorest, least developed and weakest political entity in the Middle East, such relations are articulated on the basis and within the context of a tribal state. This article analyzes the complex role played by tribal-military networks in shaping the current state-society relations in Yemen. The article highlights how, throughout its modern history, the central authority in Yemen has seen its power limited by its military weakness, in comparison to the armed strength of the tribes. The article argues that politics of survival and regional structural factors are at the heart of the failure of Yemen‟s military to perform its task as a modernizing agent. To achieve its objectives, the article traces the historical roots of the establishment of Yemen‟s modern army, marks the interventions of Yemen‟s military in politics, identifies the ideological currents within its officer corps, and analyzes the patterns of cooperation and control between the military, tribal elites and the political administration.

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A POSSIBLE EURO-ASIAN GEOSTRATEGIC PIVOT

Author(s): Gheorghe Văduva / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2008

In the huge Euro-Asian platform, there are two countries with an exceptional Euro-Asian geographic position: Russia and Turkey. The first one is from an inexhaustible root, the biggest country in the world, geopolitically and territorially speaking, and comprises almost all that is stable and natural, hidden resources even mysterious from the European and the Euro-Asian continents. The other one is an essential country, a synthesis one. The first – huge Russia – generates forces, resources and potential. The latter – cursed, controversial and isolated Turkey – becomes more and more a country of synthesis and, consequently, an exceptional geopolitical and geo-strategic valuable space.

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A POSSIBLE EURO-ATLANTIC COMPREHENSIVE MARITIME SECURITY MODEL

Author(s): Valentin Catalin Vlad / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

This article aims to identify the existence, relevance and opportunity of a theoretical security through cooperation model based on the main concepts and theories of the security communities and the appreciation of universally recognized individual and collective values and freedom, in order ultimately to prove the relevance and opportunity of such a comprehensive maritime security model that could be adopted and developed at Euro-Atlantic maritime space as part of the complex process of ensuring regional and international maritime security.The adoption of a comprehensive maritime security through cooperation model centered on ensuring individual and collective security, stability and prosperity is the key element for the legitimacy, credibility and efficiency of the Euro-Atlantic maritime strategies in relation to international treaties, challenges and threats to international maritime security and last but not least with the peculiarities and characteristics of international maritime basins.

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A POSSIBLE ROMANIAN-AMERICAN NAVAL STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP

Author(s): Ioan Crăciun,Auraș Liviu COMAN / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

How can the United States increase the responsiveness of US forces to reinforce the South-Eastern NATO flank in the Black Sea? Geopolitical changes have led to calls for the necessity to update the Montreux Convention. These restrictions can be avoided in this situation if the US would rent or lease at a reasonable price warships to the Romanian Navy that fly the Romanian flag, and are operated by a Romanian-American crew. Montreux Convention rules may be avoided by building an innovative partnership, a solid and reliable agreement between US Navy and Romanian Navy. Subsequently, a Multinational Task Group composed of American, Romanian, and Black Sea littoral countries’ ships can be consolidated. The result will be beneficial to the US, NATO, EU, and Black Sea countries.This naval partnership has to be created to support Aegis Ashore Missile Defense System Deveselu, to rebuild a military and security power in the region, and change the balance of power.

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A POSSIBLE SOLUTION: A SYNERGIC PONTIC-MEDITERRANEAN CONTINUUM

Author(s): Grigore Alexandrescu / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2009

During the evolution of the whole European civilization, the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea have been tightly connected not only by waters, but also by their peoples’ common fate. It has determined the scene to generate a synergic effect in the Euriasan and Eurafrican relation. Therefore, on both shores, there have been achieved confluences sheltering the civilizations' essences developing in this part of the world and building some indisputable systems of values. Today, guiding ourselves after the history’s lessons, EU may stimulate the achievement of a synergic continuum from the Mediterranean Sea to the Black Sea, for providing a larger and more flexible dialogue framework, one that should give coherence and substance to the policies addressing the area. This mechanism may work for turning into dynamic the current regional cooperation process, by an intensified dialogue which should increase the trust of the states from these three continents.

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A shell-shocked city: two years on

Author(s): Wojciech Koźmic / Language(s): English / Issue: 5/2016

In a tiny asphalt alley, located not far from the airport in Donetsk, it is easy to spot traces of the explosions from the infamous Grad shelling. The houses located along the street near the airport have either been destroyed or severely damaged. There are virtually no people in the area. The atmosphere of apparent calmness, so discernible in the city centre, is also absent. After all, only a dozen or so kilometres separate these two places. What then differentiates the tidy central streets of Donetsk to the suburbs of the city, which used to be home to a million inhabitants?

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A SHIELD FOR A NEW EQUILIBRIUM

Author(s): Gheorghe Văduva / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2010

Unfortunately, the Theatre Missile Shield (TMD), also known as missile shield, cannot be seen only in itself, as a beneficial system for everybody, but especially as a European strategic safety solution, and meantime as a component of the US National Missile Defence (NMD). We consider such a shield is a must, as the ballistic missiles, created and located in silos, submarines, strategic bombers, or other vectors (although they are, in themselves, vectors carrying different types of loads, including the nuclear ones) threat everybody, including the ones owning them. This new anti-missile shield is related with the power relations and it is also related with a complicated and very sensitive security architecture, based on a moving and vulnerable equilibrium. A TMD is necessary, both for the United States, and for its strategic partners, and also for NATO and its European partners. However, achieving, expanding or improving any anti-missile system, as well any other offensive missile system (in fact, all missiles are offensive!) raises many problems. Even the current American TMD, which is meant to be a consonant and even integrated one, with a possible Alliance TMD, raises enough problems. Besides costs and more or less vehement Russia’s reactions, although the system does not aim the offensive missiles of the Russian Federation, the future US anti-missile shield, which will be operational in 2015, wants to be – and it is – a strategic stability factor, for strategic equilibrium.

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A Stubenringtől Limanowáig

Arthur Arz von Straussenburg altábornagy a keleti fronton (1914. szeptem-ber – 1914. december)

Author(s): Dávid Ádám Ligeti / Language(s): Hungarian / Publication Year: 0

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A too Fast Rising China? European Unions’s Hopes, Fears and Expectations towards Beijing

Author(s): Șerban Filip Cioculescu / Language(s): English / Issue: 1-2/2009

China is probably on its way to become one of the main power-poles in a future likely multipolar world and even if it will be economically stronger than military, international relations history shows us that countries which are wealthy and whose big populations cultivate nationalistic feelings also developed strong military capabilities and tried to increase and protect their “sphere of interests” against possible challengers. Economically, China is the most spectacular “giant” of the planet, with about 9% increase of its GDP in 2006 and 2007, and an economy build on cheap-labour manufactures goods to be exported outside. Exports represent about 40% of the GDP and are seen as vital for a sustained economic growth in the future, thus the Chinese economic foreign policy obviously aims at keeping this rhythm or improving it.

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A TRADITIONAL ARGUMENT

Author(s): Dejan Pataki / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

It’s been almost a year since I have been preoccupied with the matters of civic service, that is to say the conscientious objection, in Serbia. One of the activities we had undertaken at the very beginning has been to conduct a poll of citizens on the subject. The commentary which was often expressed by all those polled who disagreed with an alternative to the compulsory military service was: “My grandfather has served, my father too, and so will I. It’s a family tradition.” The word which attracted my attention in the argument against civic service was tradition. It made me think how tradition as an argument was sufficient all by itself. Approaching the subject, I have diligently looked up the meaning of the word traditional in Vujaklĳa’s “Lexicon”. Apart from a number of synonyms which explain the term, there was a word usual. A send-off of recruits to the army looks approximately as follows.

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A TRANS-DISCIPLINARY ANALYSIS OF SUICIDAL TERRORISM

Author(s): Anghel Andreescu,Marius Cătălin Balaban / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2014

Suicidal terrorism is a worrying phenomenon, especially after the 11th of September 2001 attacks, when the necessity of understanding it gave rise to various approaches. A transdisciplinary analysis starting from the hypothesis according to which the element which sets off and fuels this phenomenon is a mass movement, may outline a perspective and even a forecast of it. Analysing the evolution of the phenomenon, keeping in mind the key of mass movements and in accordance with the main events of the last three decades which establish it, additional conclusions are generated which can offer the logic of some terrorist actions, as well as the real, undeclared purposes of these.

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