(Ne)etičnost i (ne)legalnost upotrebe dronova u ratu protiv terorizma

Author(s): Ivica Kelam,Darija Rupcic / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 73/2016

Powerful increase in the use of drones in fight against terrorism through the tactic of targeted killings, especially after the arrival of President Obama to power, causes increasingly ethical and legal issues. The intention of this paper is to investigate exactly these issues. The basic hypothesis is that the US use of drones in war against terrorism is a major threat to international security, human rights and democracy. Instead of reducing the threat of terrorism, drones uses additionally incites hatred and desire for revenge, since it leaves severe adverse consequences on the lives of civilians. The expected contribution of this paper lies in the demystification of drones activities and questioning the many dangers that the use of drones in the fight against terrorism carries.

(Re)focusing the Atlantic Alliance: Reframing Security Readings into a Peace Agenda

Author(s): Maria Raquel Freire,Licínia Simão / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2016

Bringing a new reading to collective defence after the Cold War allowed, among other things, an expansion of NATO’s tasks as well as membership. This being said, it is high time for deep reflection about the opportunities and limitations for the Alliance from the perspective of the promotion of peace, more than 25 years after the end of the bipolar order. Drawing on the introductory remarks to this special issue, the paper will focus on 1) the strategic differences between a security versus a peace agenda for NATO in the context of increasingly transnational and complex threats, 2) Russia as both a necessary ally and a challenger at NATO’s borders, including its positioning regarding a “shared neighbourhood” with the European Union (EU) and the Atlantic Alliance, as well as Moscow’s investment in the development of military alliances to the east (the Collective Security Treaty Organisation, or CSTO), 3) the Middle East as a geostrategic area where the conflation of competing interests, norms and values has revealed complex dynamics, both in-country and regional, and impacted on the NATO space (for example, the effect of the Syrian conflict), and 4) whether the conceptualisation on a “European security architecture” remains useful or has become meaningless in face of current challenges.

[rec.] Lech Chojnowski, Bezpieczeństwo międzynarodowe. Aspekty instytucjonalne i organizacyjne, Słupsk 2017, ss. 193

Author(s): Andrzej Ciupinski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2017

100 dni Donalda Trumpa – próba oceny polityki zagranicznej nowej administracji

Author(s): Patrycja Sasnal / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2017

2008 US Presidential Elections: The Iraq War, Party Platforms and Social Polarization

Author(s): Anca Parmena Olimid / Language(s): English / Issue: 17/2008

La guerre d’Irak est le principal facteur de la campagne présidentielle de 2008. Aujourd’hui elle représente le problème central de l’opinion publique Américaine. Cet article est une approche analytique intégrative de cette campagne, portant surtout trois questions: les sondages concernant les préférences des Americains pour l’élection présidentielle de 2008, le vote de la population hispanique et les déclarations des candidats sur le problème Irakien.

21. Yüzyıl için Caydırıcılık: Teori ve Pratikte Neler Değişti?

Author(s): Hakan Mehmetcik / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 22/2015

Deterrence/Nuclear deterrence, which was theoretically the most developed and practically the best-applied strategy in the Cold War era, became one of the most important tools for the states to conduct foreign policy at the strategic level. Deterrence, as a product of the Cold War, which was itself a product of bipolar world order and mutual assured destruction between two heavily nuclear-armed super powers, had been developed gradually and studied heavily. Yet, with the end of the Cold War, it somehow lost its attraction for a while. However, with the 9/11 and recent developments in the Eastern Europe and wider Asia, it reiterated its position as the interests on deterrence studies extend. The aim of this article is to analyze the requirement of 21st century deterrence by presenting a brief of the nature and development of deterrence theory and practice. To this end, this article presents a comparative analysis of today’s deterrence theory and practice by analyzing deterrence as a concept, classic deterrence theory, and critics to the classic deterrence theory with a comparative methodology. As an integrated analysis, which is inadequate in Turkish literature on deterrence, the article has a unique contribution to existing literature.

27 Mayıs’ın “Zoraki Diplomatları”: 14’lerin Yurtdışı Faaliyetleri

Author(s): Ferit Salim Sanli / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 23/2018

While the May 27, 1960 coup ended the DP government, it brought new debates on the relationship between the army and politics. In this respect, the dispute between politics and civilians was immediately passed on 13 November 1960 with the view that the army continued to rule the country within the National Union Committee established after the coup d’état, resulting in the liquidation of 14 members of the committee. This group, which will be called 14’s, brought those “artificial” formations both at home and abroad, which did not come from the 14 people who were formed before May 27 or within the National Unity Committee and agreed with each other, but lived in November 13. However, this group, which cannot provide any coexistence due to artificiality, has entered into various activities while abroad, but it is inevitable that two different clubs will be formed within the group. One of the sides in two different positions, Alparslan Türkeş and Orhan Kabibay were the others. In the process, the two groups considered their activities, their ideas, and their close proximity to each other, that they were involved in two different “sects” in various aspects of the 14’s. The second half of the 60’s and the subsequent process will confirm this statement.

A Comparative Analysis of Mutual Defence and Collective Defence Clauses

Author(s): Anton Stan,Cristina Bogzeanu / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2015

The present paper constitutes a comparative analysis of Article 42(7) of Treaty of Lisbon (mutual defence clause) and of Article 5 of the North-Atlantic Treaty (common defence), from the perspective of the consequences their invocation triggers. It approaches the implications entailed by the above mentioned articles concerning the type of measures they can determine, taking into account the nature of the organisations within which they were designed, the decision-making procedure, the operational planning and the use of force. The present demarche was motivated by the necessity of identifying the possible repercussions of France’s invocation of mutual defence clause in the context of the terrorist attacks of November, 13th, 2015.The hypothesis of this study is that the respective articles are substantially different as far as their force and effects are concerned, the gap between them emerging from the nature of the organisations having developed and adopted them, from the institutional framework characteristic to NATO and EU, from the decision-making process, from the available forces, as well as from the significance of the security concepts they enshrine.

A Few Things to Be Considered in View of the Warsaw Summit

Author(s): Vincenzo Camporini / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2016

First of all, the summit should reaffirm in practical and concrete terms NATO solidarity, calling on the nations to provide their contribution outside their specific geographical proximity. In organisational terms, a thorough reconsideration of the financial mechanisms of the Alliance appears to be necessary, stopping to keep the “costs lie where they fall” principle as a truth of faith. Also, a new task should be given to the Secretary General to revise and possibly partially reverse the recent reorganisation of the NATO Command Structure in order to grant effectively a consistent match with the agreed level of ambition, which, in the present strategic scenarios, seems to be more realistic than ever. And finally, on the political side, a new approach should be tested with Russia, making it clear that there are no hostile intentions from NATO and that Moscow has no reason to be aggressive in countries such as Ukraine and Georgia, with whom negotiated agreements must be found and complied with in order to solve the controversies.

A grassroots grown military

Author(s): Milan Lelich / Language(s): English / Issue: 3-4/2016

In a matter of just two years, the devastated Ukrainian army has turned itself into one of the most efficient armies in Europe, mostly thanks to volunteers and private donations. However, reform of the defence system has lagged due to the rampant corruption and bureaucracy of the state, forcing many volunteers to give up.

A Middle Eastern Perspective on Partner Capacity Building

Author(s): Habib M. Sayah / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2016

Overall, counterinsurgency should be rethought from the perspective of Arab-Muslim host states facing a domestic or regional insurgency, far from orthodox conceptions of this paradigm. A renewed, indigenous understanding of COIN could become the strategic operating concept, guiding the “positioning and application of kinetic (military) and political (non-military) uses of power to achieve national (strategic) aims,” underpinning MENA states’ national efforts to address their domestic and regional challenges and improving cooperation between them and their NATO allies. For these purposes we should adopt a holistic, flexible approach to COIN, and train and prepare armies and civilian players to respond adequately to complex insurgencies.

A Multi-Criteria Analysis of Air Communication Platforms within the Hybrid Operational Environment

Author(s): Catalin Cioaca,Daniel Stefanescu / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2015

The air communication platforms, using the accelerated technological progress with spectacular effects in the field of developed performance, takes an important role in providing information regarding connectivity in this field. The requirements which the military communications systems must fulfill are formulated in connection with mission objectives. Quantification of the utility for air communications platforms using binomial multi-criteria analysis and analytic hierarchy process provides decision makers with the basic knowledge needed to increase the operational capabilities of forces. The planning process must integrate the requirement of continuous, secure distance communications under any circumstances. The designed model gives the opportunity to identify the best solutions for increasing the utility of aerial communications platforms (tactical satellites, high, medium and low altitude aerial platforms) in various contexts and scenarios.

A NATO Solution for Macedonia

Author(s): Specified No Author / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2008

Macedonia hopes to get an invitation to join the NATO alliance, along with Croatia and Albania, at next month's NATO Summit in Bucharest. However, the prospects of Macedonia to be invited to NATO membership when the NATO allies meet on 2-4 April 2008, is in a state of impasse, with Greece having made it clear that it would veto in the NATO summit any decision for inviting Macedonia to join the Alliance, unless Macedonia and Greece would agree on the name dispute, which under current circumstances will be difficult to happen. Macedonia’s name, the Greeks say, implies territorial aspirations on their own northern province, also called Macedonia.

A new science on human security

Author(s): Leszek Fryderyk Korzeniowski / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2016

Subjective security (security of a subject) is a state of a subject, its potential and abilities of adequate reaction to hazards as well as an issue of protecting a subject from any hazards. The first scientific analyses of security issue have been known for eighty years now, however, formally science on security as an academic subject was registered (in Poland) just in 2011, in a new distinguished area and field of social science. One observes a wide diversification of the security sciences. Giv-en these facts the goal of the paper is to present a selected aspects associated with human security.

A POSSIBLE EURO-ATLANTIC COMPREHENSIVE MARITIME SECURITY MODEL

Author(s): Valentin Catalin Vlad / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

This article aims to identify the existence, relevance and opportunity of a theoretical security through cooperation model based on the main concepts and theories of the security communities and the appreciation of universally recognized individual and collective values and freedom, in order ultimately to prove the relevance and opportunity of such a comprehensive maritime security model that could be adopted and developed at Euro-Atlantic maritime space as part of the complex process of ensuring regional and international maritime security.The adoption of a comprehensive maritime security through cooperation model centered on ensuring individual and collective security, stability and prosperity is the key element for the legitimacy, credibility and efficiency of the Euro-Atlantic maritime strategies in relation to international treaties, challenges and threats to international maritime security and last but not least with the peculiarities and characteristics of international maritime basins.

A POSSIBLE ROMANIAN-AMERICAN NAVAL STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP

Author(s): Ioan Craciun,Aura? Liviu Coman / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

How can the United States increase the responsiveness of US forces to reinforce the South-Eastern NATO flank in the Black Sea? Geopolitical changes have led to calls for the necessity to update the Montreux Convention. These restrictions can be avoided in this situation if the US would rent or lease at a reasonable price warships to the Romanian Navy that fly the Romanian flag, and are operated by a Romanian-American crew. Montreux Convention rules may be avoided by building an innovative partnership, a solid and reliable agreement between US Navy and Romanian Navy. Subsequently, a Multinational Task Group composed of American, Romanian, and Black Sea littoral countries’ ships can be consolidated. The result will be beneficial to the US, NATO, EU, and Black Sea countries.This naval partnership has to be created to support Aegis Ashore Missile Defense System Deveselu, to rebuild a military and security power in the region, and change the balance of power.

A shell-shocked city: two years on

Author(s): Wojciech Kozmic / Language(s): English / Issue: 5/2016

In a tiny asphalt alley, located not far from the airport in Donetsk, it is easy to spot traces of the explosions from the infamous Grad shelling. The houses located along the street near the airport have either been destroyed or severely damaged. There are virtually no people in the area. The atmosphere of apparent calmness, so discernible in the city centre, is also absent. After all, only a dozen or so kilometres separate these two places. What then differentiates the tidy central streets of Donetsk to the suburbs of the city, which used to be home to a million inhabitants?

A Stubenringtől Limanowáig

Arthur Arz von Straussenburg altábornagy a keleti fronton (1914. szeptem-ber – 1914. december)

Author(s): Dávid Ádám Ligeti / Language(s): Hungarian / Publication Year: 0

A zone of limited freedom

Author(s): Pawel Pieniazek / Language(s): English / Issue: 5/2016

The last time I came to Luhansk was in October 2014. It was a month after the Ukrainian offensive had been halted for the first time. Two years later, I returned to find that the Luhansk of 2014 no longer exists. What remains is an almost empty city, whose authorities are desperately trying to prove that life is better here than ever before.

ABD İSTİHBARATINDA YAŞANAN DEĞİŞİMLER

Author(s): Sait Yilmaz / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 13/2012

Dünyada istihbaratın güvenlik, dış politika, savunma, özel şirketler ve teknoloji ile dansı her gün yeni örnekler ile başımızı döndürüyor. Geçtiğimiz döneme Wikileaks, El Kaide lideri Bin Ladin’in öldürülmesi damgasını vururken, Arap Baharı adı verilen Orta Doğu ayaklanmaları ile savunma-sosyal medya-istihbarat işbirlikleri bir kez daha öne çıkıyor. Siber alanda her gün yeni bir teknolojik gelişme ile karşılaşıyoruz. 11 Eylül 2001’den beri Batılı istihbarat servisleri büyük bir değişim geçirmekte, yeni güvenlik ortamına adapte olabilmek için teknolojiyi önlerine katarak yarışmaktadırlar. Görüntü ve sinyal istihbaratı için uzayda yapılan yarışa, ekonomik istihbarat alanındaki yarış eklendi. Son 50 yıldır istihbarat alanındaki reform girişimleri sadece teşkilat düzenlemeleri ile istihbarat örgütlerinin bir yere varamayacağını göstermiştir. İstihbarat reformları sadece prosedürel değişim değil, yeni durumlara kendini adapte edebilecek şekilde kültürel değişimi de gerektirmektedir. Bu makalede önce istihbarat alanında reform çalışmalarına daha sonra CIA’dan başlayarak, Amerikan istihbarat sisteminde son dönemde yapılan çalışmalara yer vereceğiz.