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The article analyzes the researches of luxury in the western scientific tradition of the 18th — the beginning of the 20th century. Considered are the main approaches to research, evolution of concepts, system of values of thinkers. The conclusion is drawn that views of intellectual elite objectively reflect civilization features of society’s development.
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“Saturation” is the term suggested by the authors to describe the present state of the visual environment of Berlin, the city that acquired a reputation as the European capital of street art. Saturation is a consequence of the gradual infiltration of graffiti and street art into everyday life and the visual environment of Berlin, and their acceptance by city residents. Berliners’ fondness for street imagery is enhanced by the experience and memory of the independent reappropriation and rearrangement of urban space the city underwent after unification. The memory of the Berlin Wall plays a significant role in sustaining Berlin graffiti and street art cultures. It makes evident the history of the images and their creators and their role in urban communication. Simultaneously it normalizes the ephemerality of street imagery. Visual saturation in Berlin is complemented by the activities of “mediators,” who draw various audiences’ attention to graffiti and street art and encourage the interaction of all interested parties.
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Review of: Ekaterina Riise - Alison Young. Street Art, Public City: Law, Crime and the Urban Imagination.London: Routledge, 2014. 177 pp. ISBN 978-0-415-53869-5.
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Review of: Georgios Tziafetas - Laurent Coumel and Marc Elie, eds. “A Belated and Tragic Ecological Revolution: Nature, Disasters, and Green Activist in the Soviet Union and Post Soviet States, 1960s–2010s.” Special issue of Soviet and Post-Soviet Review, vol. 40, no. 2, 2013.
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Built on the site of a disused dairy in London, the Ahmadiyya Baitul Futuh Mosque is simultaneously a regenerated postindustrial site, a signal achievement for the community that built it, an affront to local Sunni Muslims, a focus for Islamophobic protest, and a boost to local regeneration plans and tourism. Using town planning documents, media articles, and ethnographic fieldwork, this article considers the conflicting discourses available to locals, Muslim and non-Muslim, centered on the new Baitul Futuh Mosque and an older, smaller, suburban Ahmadiyya mosque located nearby. These discourses are situated in the broader transnational context of sectarian violence and creation of community where ethnicity, faith, and immigration status mark those who attend the mosques. The article considers the different historical periods in which the two mosques were built, the class composition of residents in the neighborhoods of the mosques, and the consequences these have for how the mosques are incorporated into the locality. The strategies diverse local groups use to define the space in different and conflicting terms, and their cross-cutting claims, are discussed to present a range of religious, political, and ethnic positions shaping ideals of self-realization and aspirations for the future at individual and community levels.
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Review of: Kamil Luczaj - Christine J. Walley. Exit Zero: Family and Class in Postindustrial Chicago. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2013. 216 pp. ISBN 978-0-226-87180-6.
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Review of: Marina Loskutova - Острова утопии: Педагогическое и социальное проектирование послевоенной школы (1940–1980-е). Коллективная монография. Ред. и сост.: И. Кукулин, М. Майофис, П. Сафронов. М.: НЛО, 2015. 720 c. ISBN 978-5-4448-0243-4.
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This article explores how Soviet television engaged in “authoritative discourse” and brought it to the screen. It asks how television helped to shape the Soviet consumer by negotiating consumer issues and generating previously unheard-of publicity. Focusing on Rostov, Leningrad, and Moscow Central Television, it explores how these TV stations were a site of communication between viewers, letter writers, staff, factories, retail services, and party and state institutions responsible for consumer issues. It shows that television played a significant part in normalizing consumer issues by entangling home, consumption, and leisure in a public and private continuum staged on screen. Reproducing the genre of consumer advice and information, it interlaced authoritative discourse with tangible questions of lifestyle and consumer taste, with personal experiences and local events in a more interactive perhaps even intrusive—way compared to print media and radio. Thus, we observe that the space opened by televisual reproductions of authoritative discourse established emotional bonds between Soviet citizens and Soviet material and media culture.
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Attachment theory has been subject to sustained critique by radical psychologists and feminists. The critical stance towards attachment theory among western experts is a matter of long-term analytical practices; neither the work of John Bowlby nor the popular socialist version of attachment theory by the Czech psychologists Zdeněk Matějčekand Josef langmeier has been the subject of such revision. Attachment theory still provides the key arguments in favor of deinstitutionalization and developing family placement in postsocialist countries. This obvious idealization of attachment theory by Czech psychologists limits access to the western critical tradition and blocks the deconstruction of Matějček and Langmeier. This essay attempts to overcome these limitations. A review of critiques of John Bowlby’s theory and his adherents is juxtaposed with a reconstruction of the history of attachment theory in socialist Czechoslovakia. In the first part, the essay embeds Western arguments within the concept of epistemic in justiceas developed by Miranda Fricker. In line with the principle of historicization, the next part explores the combination of forces that drove the formation of attachment theory in Czechoslovakia. The final part investigates contemporary attempts to apply attachment theory to the issue of forced removal of Roma children from their families and examines the options for preventing this practice and the placement of Roma children into residential care settings.
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This article is a case study of the northern Vepses, an indigenous group residing in the Republic of Karelia, and their relations with mining industry. As early as the eighteenth century, Vepses in Karelia were involved in the extraction of rare decorative minerals (gabbro-diabase and raspberry quartzite), and this involvement continues today. The article discusses the variety of symbolic meanings stone has for contemporary residents of Vepsian villages, who see it simultaneously as a source of hardship, struggle, and pride. Local residents view nature and stoneworking as interconnected, seeing mining development in the region as a consequence of its natural richness. This case study illustrates that indigenous lifestyles, industrial development, and nature may be perceived as coexisting and interconnected elements.
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This article deals with the impact of western architecture on Soviet architecture during and after the Thaw and Nikita Khrushchev’s reforms in the spheres of architecture and construction. By the late 1950s international postwar modernism became an official Soviet architectural style. The article explains how Soviet architects discovered and learned this new style: through magazines and books, both translated and in their original languages; through business and tourist trips abroad; and through personal connections and official channels. The main argument is that in the 1960s Soviet architecture became embedded in an international system of architecture but at its far periphery. Moreover, the visual westernizing make over of Soviet architecture did not change its inner structure and has rather negative implications for the perception and evaluation of the architectural legacy of the post-Stalin era.
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Review of: Alexander Etkind - Douglas Rogers. The Depths of Russia: Oil, Power, and Culture after Socialism. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2015. 394 pp. ISBN 978-0-8014-5373-1.
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Review of: Sergei Antonov - Ekaterina Pravilova. A Public Empire: Property and the Quest for the Common Good in Imperial Russia. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2014. 448 pp. ISBN 978-0-691-15905-8.
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Review of: Olga Smolyak - Christine Varga-Harris. Stories of House and Home: Soviet Apartment Life during the Khrushchev Years. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2015. 289 pp. ISBN 978-0-80145-307-6.
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The article is devoted to the activities of women's departments of the Yenisei province in the 1921-1930 biennium. On the basis of archival material shows the process of involving workers and peasants in the socio-political sphere. The analysis focuses on the first stage of the work women's departments, t. To. It is on account for the largest organizational, material, personnel and other difficulties. Research materials clarify and expand the scientific understanding of women's departments as the structural basis of the Soviet feminism, through which the Government implemented measures to implement gender equality in society.
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It describes the sanitary-hygienic situation in the women's secular schools in Western Siberia in the early twentieth century. Condition of many schools did not meet hygienic standards (cramped premises, failure to comply with temperature control, sanitation, and other imperfections.), Which led to the emergence of epidemics. We consider the contribution of doctors, teachers, boards of trustees and parent committees. During the First World War, due to the arrival in the region of displaced persons and refugees, the number of epidemics has increased, which has a negative impact on the sanitary-hygienic state schools.
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Actualizes the main problems of development of women's education in Russia in the late XIX - early XX century. Analyzed the views of the famous Russian scientist NI Kareeva on personal development through general and vocational education. Conclusions on the need for new approaches to scientific heritage of NI Kareeva in the aspect of personal management in the history of Russia.
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We study the social everyday life of families of officials of provinces of the Upper Volga region at the beginning of the XIX century. The analysis of the social origin of officials and their wives. Methods are disclosed explore future spouses. The factors that influenced the decision to establish the family as a man and a woman. Analyzed the age of marriage. The composition of the families of provincial officials. We describe the role and place of women in the family 's provincial officials, their family practices.
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The women’s activity in non-political organizations in the early ХХ c. is considered with regard to Ivanovo Voznesensk. The author pays attention to the social work of women from the local intelligentsia and wives of textile manufacturers in charitable society. The conclusion is made that women were more active in subsidiary, medical and moral educational organizations.
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On the bases of numerous ego-documents, using biographic and psychoanalysis methods, the author outlines four general types of noblewomen in the gender system of Russian society in the early XX c. The negation of maternity and family values was represented by «new women» (feminists, nihilists) who considered maternity as the form of their personal freedom restriction. «Erotomaniacs» opposed feminine sexuality to maternal one. The social cultivation of maternal duty brought some noblewomen back to the family by means of «deliberate maternity». Women's need for the new kinds of gender identity adoption led to the «universal mothers» appearance. They defended free maternity, right to women's fertility restriction in the name of public activities. The state maternity support was aimed to help them.
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