Caracteres et traits des agglomerations et de l’habitation rurale dans les XIV-XVIIIe siecles

Author(s): Emin Riza,Pirro Thomo / Language(s): French Issue: 03fr/1984

Le niveau élevé des acquisitions urbanistiques et architectoniques des villes et des campagnes albanaises, durant les XVIII-XIXe siècles a eu comme principal facteur, outre les conditions socio-économiques, aussi une riche tradition stable. Ces deux facteurs résident précisément à la base de cette évolution relativement rapide des phénomènes constructifs qui concernent les deux siècles que nous venons de mentionner tout à l’heure. Désormais, à un temps que dans ses lignes générales et même pour certains aspects, aussi avec un excellent approfondissement, on a aménagé un tableau plus où moins complet de l’historique d’évolution des bâtiments populaires durant les XVIII-XIXe siècles, on ressent le besoin pressant à regarder un peu plus loin. Il s’agit, en effet, à suivre, autànt qu’il est possible, des données de tout ordre, le caractère et les traits des bâtiments, populaires en Albanie, surtout durant les XIV-XVIIIe siècles.

Неизвестная сокращенная редакция рассказа о нападениях на Царьград

Author(s): Denitsa Petrova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1-2/2021

The Story from the attacks against Tsarigrad is composed in Byzantium in the 9th c. and enters in the structure of the Triodion. Probably it is translated into Slavonic language in the beginning of the 14th c. in Athos. It is known for many copies from the 14th – 18th c. Is known a shortened redaction of the Story in two Bulgarian Prologues Church-Historical and Archival Institute No 294 and Church-Historical and Archival Institute No 295. In two manuscripts in Russian State Library collection 247 No 461 and Russian State Library collection 247 No 528 there is another shortened version, different from the already known. So far has not been published or studied. This variant of the Story is an example of the widespread distribution of the writing in the 16th c. The unknown short redaction is an important period in the history of the text and it must to be explicitly explored.

Don Kazakları'nın Osmanlı Topraklarına Göçü ve İgnat Nekrasov'un Vasiyeti

Author(s): Yusuf İslam Yılmaz / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2021

This article studies the Cossacks, a group of people that emerged in the northern steppes of the Black Sea during the fifteenth century. It mainly focuses on the community's political and social effects on the powerful states of the geography, namely Tsarist Russia, Poland, the Crimean Khanate and the Ottoman Empire. After examining the etymology of Cossack and Hetman in the introductory part, it analyzes Don Cossacks’ relations with the Ottomans and the Russian state. Don Cossacks migrated from Russia, where they had a dispute under the leadership of their Hetman Ignat Nekrasov, to the Ottoman lands. Nekrasov's will strictly asked Don Cossacks to protect their identity and beliefs after his death during the period. In this manner, they lived in Anatolia for more than two hundred and fifty years and preserved their language and culture. In the 1960s, they migrated to the USA and Russia due to some customary reasons related to marriage and population decrease. By scrutinizing Don Cossacks' changing contexts, this study aims to draw a framework for the life of the community through the lens of Ottoman documents and Turkish and Russian sources.

Tahrir Defterlerine Göre XVI. Yüzyılın İlk Yarısında Anadolu Eyaleti’nde Şehirli Gayrimüslim Nüfus Hakkında İstatistiksel Bir Değerlendirme

Author(s): Gülcan Avşin Güneş / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2021

This study aims to determine the demographic status of urban nonmuslims of Anatolia in the first half of the sixteenth century. It surveys urban nonmuslims either sharing the same quarters with Muslims or having social and economic relations with the Muslim population. This study's primary sources are the tax registers giving information on socio-demographic aspects like the number of nonmuslim settlements and inhabitants. The article also investigates entitlements and names recorded in the registers to analyze some tendencies towards nonmuslim populations. Thus, it presents that nonmuslim groups had lived in harmony in the Ottoman Empire until the nationalism movements of the nineteenth century.

Tracing the Ottoman Trade Network in North Greece

Author(s): Anastasia Dologlou / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

This paper aims to present and draw a plan of action to promote the Ottoman trade network of Northern Greece. This network had been developed since the fifteenth century and it was a part of the broader system of communication, administration, urban development and economical flow of the Ottoman Empire. The study focuses on the geographic region extending from Thrace to Central Macedonia, emphasizing its monuments and the urban centers that are important for this multidimensional network. Most of these monuments are constructed on lines of the former Roman road the Via Egnatia, also known as the Sol Kol. These buildings of the Ottoman trade network are of a unified historical site that need for equal management beyond national or state identities. In the context of the inter-cultural dialogue promoted in the European framework, this historical site should be understood as a means for cultural exchange and unity for present-day Balkanic societies, for whom once formed the unified Ottoman Empire.

Primul document privind conservarea Bibliotecii Teleki. Tabula legum bibliotecarum.

Author(s): Călin Ovidiu POP / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2002

Samuel Teleki was not just a men of culture who’s interest in books was connected to his social image. He was passionately fond of books; he understood, at an early age, the importance of education, the necessity of a library.When he was 19, he began to acquire books from 25 important typographical centers from Europe. He was very interested in making a library of encyclopedic nature.The first document concerning the organization and conservation of his library was written in 1798. Through its indications, this document proves quite current, because it underlines some basic rules concerning the use of the books: the readers must take care of books, they must not touch them with dirty hands etc. There are some rules for the librarians too: the way the library must be organized, the way the building must be cleaned and maintained etc.

THE ITALIAN MARIONETTES IN ATHENS... TO FILL THE VOID OF JOY PERIOD OF FAST

Author(s): Maria Mavrogeni / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

The Greek puppet theater had just taken its first professional steps in the Greek capital in the 1880s when a famous Italian marionette troupe visited Athens and undertook to introduce the urban audience to the unknown art of the marionette · to the traditional repertoire and, more importantly, to the glitzy luxury of the latest choreography and the phantasmagoria of the technological developments on the European stage. This article aims to give a clear picture of the first marionette troupe’s visit to the Athenian terrain and focuses on how the reception of the new entertainment interacted with and impacted the already existing domestic experience.

The Library of the Institute of Art of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Mirroring ‘Official’ and ‘Unofficial’ Distributions of Knowledge, 1949–1970

Author(s): Karolina Łabowicz-Dymanus / Language(s): English Issue: 01+02/2021

The Institute of Art of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw served as a unique distributor of Western visual and performative arts research during the Cold War. From its foundation in 1949 until the late 1960s, the institute enjoyed a hegemonic position that allowed it to dominate intellectual exchanges in the arts between Polish and Western scholars. The institute’s library provides information concerning the circulation of art theories at that time. Through extensive private contacts, the institute collected the latest texts on artistic phenomena and theories that authorities perceived as ‘unofficial’. Analysis of the collection allows for a reconstruction of the distribution of knowledge.

PERCEPTIMI I LUFTËS SË ÇANAKALASË TE SHQIPTARËT

Author(s): Nuridin Ahmeti,Adnan Shala / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 50/2020

One of the wars that happened between 1915-1916 is the Battle of Çanakkale, which is also known as the Battle of Gallipoli. As it is known, in this war in one side were England, France, Russia, and in the other side there were the Ottoman Empire, Austro-Hungary, and Germany. One of the most important facts for our research is that many people of different nationalities from different countries of the world participated voluntarily in this war in the side of the Ottoman Empire, Austro-Hungary, and Germany. Among the volunteers who responded positively to the call and participated in this war were the peoples of the Balkans, especially from places that were part of the Ottoman Empire. The Balkans and Albanians who were part of the Ottoman Empire till 1912, and even though Albanians were not part of the Ottoman Empire any more after that year, they were among volunteers who answered the call for war participation. Although more than 100 years have passed since the war has happened, still this war exists in the memory of Albanians. One of the reasons why this war still exists in the memory of Albanians is the folklore aspect and its impact. Even nowadays songs about Çanakkale continue to be created by composers and singers, and due to this fact they are transmitted from generation to generation and always kept in the memory of people. In this study, we will investigate how this war is perceived by Albanians in folklore today, whether this war is presented in the history textbooks of Albanians, and whether this war is included in the academic work of Albanian writers. In this study it will be answered to many questions, and some of these questions are as follows: whether there is a difference in perception between the public (usual people) and intellectuals regarding the Battle of Çanakkale during and after communism. If there is a difference, what are the reasons for it? And on the other side, why this war still exists in folklore? The methods that will be used in this research are comparative and analytical methods, and the sources used to support the study are songs about the Battle of Çanakkale sung by Albanian singers, and the textbooks and published studies in Kosovo’s scientific journals.

Grbovi senjskih Rittera Vitezovića i heraldika u djelima Pavla Rittera Vitezovića

Author(s): Enver Ljubović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2011

In the article the author describes the well-known noble of Senj, the Ritter-Vitezovićs, which as an old knight's noble family, who since 1365 has had genealogy and a noble coat of arms with the agnomen of "von Frendorf", began in the 16th century from Alsace, where itbelonged to ancient aristocracy, and then moved to Senj. One branch of the family went to the Czech Republic also from where the Senj branch of Ritter-Vitezovi!s originates. In the paper is presented the old family coat of arms and the arms from the grant of nobility and herald from 1652. The Ritter family in Senj very early on Croatized its old surname and carried the surname Vitezović. They received nobility and the coats of arms on 15th October 1652 from King Ferdinand III in Prague. Nobility and coat of arms were granted to Antun Ritter Vitezović, his wife Doroteja, brothers Juraj and Ivan, and son Pavao, who was born that year. The nobility of the Ritter-Vitezovićs was announced and confirmed in the Croatian parliament. The first to move to Senj was Antun Ritter, who was a sergeant at the Nehaj fortress and had the title of prince and who was also provost-marshal in Ledenice, and who participated in battles near Klis in 1537. Certainly one of the most prominent members of this family was Pavao Ritter Vitezović, who was born in Senj on 12th January 1652, and went to school in Senj and Zagreb. He was anhistorian, archivist, heraldist, cartographer, printer, poet and a representative of Senj in the Hungarian-Croatian parliament in Bratislava. He worked and taught with Kranjska Baron I.W. Valvasor in Bogenšperk in Kranjska. Besides literature he was also involved in auxiliary historical sciences, especially genealogy, heraldry and sphragistics. He wrote a collection of socalled Illyrian heralds under the title of Stemmatographia, sive armorum Illyricorum delineatio, descriptio et restitutio, which was printed in Vienna in 1701, with a second edition being printed in Zagreb in 1702. Vitezovi! was the first in Croatia to introduce heraldry terminology in Latin and to set the importance of colours into heraldry, and his interest in heraldry was crucial for his stay with Valvasor in Kranjska. In the collection of Count Marsiglija in Bologna a manuscript written by Vitezovi! under the title of Regnorum et proviciarum Illyricorum insignia genuina was found. He is the founder of Croatian nation-building ideas and the forerunner of the national revival amongst Croats, he also wanted to achieve unity in spelling and language. Due to his great service in battle against the Turks he was twice awarded with the decoration of Golden Imperial Knight (eques aureatus). He was the founder and owner of “Zemaljske tiskare” press in Zagreb, and he died far away from his homeland and descendants in complete poverty on 20th January 1713 in Vienna, where he was also buried.

Senjska plemićka obitelj Krajač – Krajatz – Krajatch

Author(s): Enver Ljubović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2011

The author describes the famous Senj noble family who were involved in trade and seafaring. The work contains the coat of arms with a description and a family tree of the Senj branch of Krajač. The family was granted nobility and the family coat of arms by Croatian-Hungarian King Leopold I (1657-1705), and confirmed and announced at the meeting of the Croatian parliament in 1660. Ivan Krajač (Joannis Kraiach) received Litarae nobiles as an armalist-warrior. The Krajačs had two noble agnomens "of Steničnjak" and "of Blatnice", and they belong to ancient Croatian families. Even back in the 15th century this family possibly belonged to the brotherhood of the Steničnjak noble family. In various documents the County ofGorica is mentioned. In one Steni$njak judicial document from 29th July 1572, Kata Krajač, the widow of Petar Krajač is mentioned. This surname is mentioned in lists of military units of Senj and Otočac in 1551. In the second half of the 17th century after the stifling of the Zrinski-Frankopan resistance they appeared in secrecy in Ladvi! near Crikvenica. After the quelling of the Zrinski and Frankopan resistance they lost all their estates which they owned and they had to hide and conceal their aristocratic origins. One important historical family document is a transcript written by Ivan Krajač, son of Tomin. Ivan had three sons: Tomo, Ivan and Mato. Tomo settled in Senj and founded the Senj lineage of Krajačs. Tomin's sons Ivan (1812-1881)and Rafael (1817-1885) together with several Senj merchants founded the Senj Shipping Society. Rafael was one of the most well-known merchants of Senj and is considered the founder ofanother branch of the Krajač family. From Ivan's descendants well known is Ladislav (1857-1928) a wholesaler, a member of parliament, mayor and honorary consul of the Greek Littoralwho at the same time also established the First Croatian Steamship Society in Senj. Ivan Krajač (1877-1945) was minister of economy and trade in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes and a well-known mountaineer. Vuk Krajač (1894-1962) was a publicist, serving in the Chamber of Commerce in Zagreb and the Ministry of Trade and Industry in Belgrade. He was the founder of the City Museum of Senj and a lifetime honorary conservator of Senj. Apart from the Senj connections to the Krajačs, there are also lineages in Crikvenica and Moravia to this famous trading family. The Senj lineage of Krajačs was in kinship and marital ties associated with many noble families in Croatia and Europe. The Krajačs left a deep impression in the history, culture and economy of Senj due to the ecocnomic activities of this maritime and port town.

200 години от рождението на Георги Стойков Раковски (1821 – 1867)

Author(s): Adriana Spasova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 42/2021

Senjski statut iz godine 1388.

Author(s): Lujo Margetić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2007

In this book the relationship between, on one side, the Counts of Krk, later named Frankapani (Frankopans) and one of the most important families in Croatia history and the town of Senj on the other side are first of all discussed. Senj came under the Frankopans’ government in the middle of the 13th century. Very soon the position of the Frankopans in Senj become very powerful and they acquired full feudal administration which they carried out through their representative known as a podknežin (vicecomes). The noblemen had special position in Senj and the Senj Statute from 1388 confirmed their privileged position. The legal system of the town according to the statute gives an opportunity for many insights into the legal institutions of north Croatian coastal towns and therefore it represents a very important source which usefully completes our knowledge about our legal history. In this way precious information about the penal law, and from the real and obligatory law here are presented the terms of usucapio and redemption. The book contains the original document in Latin and its translation in Croatian, and relative author's discussions. Especially important is the Croatian text of the Senj Statute which was created as a transcription from 1701. This text was probably prepared for practical use at court and similar occasions. This Croatian text was used in practise until the 18th century and its value for study of the legal system is precious.

Игор Калиганов на 75 години

Author(s): Elena Tomova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 42/2021

Александър Панченко на 50 години

Author(s): Hristo Trendafilov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 42/2021

Адриана Спасова-Топурова. Антични реминисценции във възрожденската книжнина

Author(s): Lidia Mihova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 42/2021

‘İDEAL ÇOCUK’TAN ‘KÜRESEL TÜKETİCİ’YE: TÜRKİYE’DE ÇOCUK DERGİLERİ VE ÇOCUK İMGESİ

Author(s): Dilara Nergishan KOÇER / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 31/2020

Children’s magazine that is agemate with the Turkish press is important not only for the history of childhood but also the social history. Even though they play a role in the modernization project, state-building, children's literature, or education, children's magazines do not draw attention enough by the academic researchers. The aim of this study is to examine the history of children’s magazines published through 150 years, and to reveal changing the image of children via this magazines. Revealing the ideologies and values transferred over children’s magazines gives information regarding what kind of child image wanted to be created/built in this process. For this purpose, this study cronologically evaluates the history of transformation of children’s magazines in time and present a panaromic view from 19th century to 21st century. The study examine the children’s magazines in the historical process in paralell with political, economic and socio-culturel changes that Turkey underwent. Starting from the Ottoman era, the study evaluate the children’s magazines regarding the determined periods as ‘early-single party periods’, ‘after 1950’s multi party system’ and ‘after 1980’s’ with a complementary point of view. Literature survey is used for the study. The study, following the values and ideologies transferred by the magazines, reveals that the image of child transformed from ideal-citizen child to consumer child.

VİDÂDİ, VÂGİF VE ZÂKİR’İN “TURNALAR” ŞİİRLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME

Author(s): Afina Barmanbay / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 31/2020

People can experience spiritual emotions when they are away from home or under the influence of homesickness they feel. While looking for some escape in the sky above them, talking to birds that people find mysterious may grant them some relief. The act of flying attracts people with its mystic attractiveness. The flying birds revive people’s dreams and hopes. Probably that is why, the birds that are seen as a means of communication of various emotions are frequently used in both folk literature and written literature. Especially in poems about homesickness and strangeness, migratory birds and cranes in particular are seen as both harbingers and confidants. The poems about cranes also manage to reflect the social, historical and political events of each period. At the time of folk poetry development, the symbol of a crane in Azerbaijani written literature reached its peak in “Turnalar” (Cranes) poems of Molla Veli Vidadi (1709-1809), Molla Penah Vagif (1717-1797) and Kasım Bey Zakir (1784-1857). All three poems in which the crane motif is used are original literary works that in spite of some similar aspects differ from each other in terms of the emotions they convey and the events they reflect. In this study, the social, historical and political conditions of that period have been examined in their relation to the poets’ lives and spiritual and psychological states. Through the example of these three poems, the way the poets reflected their mood in the literary art has been traced.

Câteva documente din fondul mănăstirii Adam, Județul Galați

Author(s): Costin Clit / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2020

The Adam Monastery, dedicated to the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, the foundation of Adam the Captain, prior to 1652, located on Apărătura Hill, in the Ghenghei Forest, was the focus of several historical researchws. The fund of Adam monastery, very rich in documents, preserved today in the National Archives of Iași, came under our scrutiny. In the past, the monastery was administratively located in the past in Tutova and Covurlui counties. Today, it is located in Galati county. Previously, it was under the jurisdiction of Husi diocese. In this article, we publish 29 original documents related to the Adam monastery, dating from the period between 1648-1841.

Contribuţii la o istorie a răului din basmul fantastic românesc. Fiinţe malefice conotate mitofolcloric

Author(s): Costel CIOANCĂ / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2020

The man from the traditional Romanian communities imagined the Evil through the phenomenological prism of Christian morality. Good and Evil, in various forms and aspects, are in constant confrontation. Man, infinitesimal component of the deity, takes an obligatory, (un)consciously, (un)assumed part in this conflict. Most of the time, such confrontations are centered around some noteworthy popular heroes. In these cultural products (fairytales, legends, ballads, etc.), the heroes fight evil, whatever/whoever it may be, in order to restore the moral balance, the harmony disturbed by the manifestation of evil, and, ultimately, the conceptual Good. The Romanian fantastic fairy tale is, in this aspect, perhaps the most fertile epic field of representation, valorization and symbolization of this eternal struggle between Good and Evil, with an obvious formative function. I don`t think there is any fairy tale that doesn’t have, as a synthetically-narrative core, such a conflict. Most often, this subject became the theme of the action and the narrative itself. This study deals with the evil beings which are present in the the fantastic fairy tale epic. For an easy comprehension of the epistemic dimensions given to evil by traditional mentality, both generator and consumer of fantastic fairytale, I have chosen to divide these categories of evil beings according to their area of manifestation. Every category emphasizes both the human appetite for evil, as well as the cathartic discharge given by one`s struggle with such evil tendencies. We have, therefore, anthropophagous, forestry, pandemic, demonic (in the Christian sense) fantastic beings, sometimes with important physical descriptions of them.