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In this study, the structure of a typical Bolu family between the years of 1838 to 1850 has been investigated according to Bolu registration books. The findings show that Bolu family was a core family in nature in this period with respect to the number of children and mature people within the family. Furthermore, it iterates the fact that monogamy was widespread and preferred then in Bolu families rather than polygamy.
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Turkey can be considered the middle of the location, is the largest city in the country in terms of land area, historical and cultural heritage and for being one of the era's leading agricultural centers of Konya, the Second World War adventure, it is important for Turkey. The case of Konya, Turkey profile being removed from World War II, the sport should be one of the subjects to focus on. Any difficulties during the war, and Konya, Turkey shipwrecks, sports, I wonder how it took shape? In this study, between the years of 1939-1945 which was held in Konya city center and the districts of the decisions made about football matches and football will be examined in chronological order. In the light of the data obtained, an analysis of the social will be set out in Konya.
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About the state of Albania in the South Caucasus was first mentioned in the book of Strabo. For the first time Albanians as the name representatives of the Albanian population in the source are mentioned in connection with the events the last third of the IV. B.C authors II. A.D. Flavy Arrian. In the period of Alexander the Great a question "Alban" have concerned as well other antique authors Guy Pliny Sekund and Guy Juli Solin. The information received from Guy Plini Sekunda, Flavi Arrian and Guy Juli Solin confirms existence of the state Albania at the time of Alexander the Great. In an ancient sources ethnonym "Alban" had been used and as the name of all population of Albania, and the name of a separate tribe. Generalizing messages of antique authors, it is possible to draw a conclusion: Albanians lived in territory of coast of Caspian sea to a place of a confluence of the Kura in it, in the Caucasian mountains which surrounded a river basin of the Kura, on average and its bottom current, especially on the left coast. About an origin of the name "Albania" in the scientific literature there are various opinions. Some researchers consider that this name of a Latin origin with value "the Country of mountains". The authors who identify the river Alazan with the river of Alban which mentioned by Plini consider that ethnonym Alban and the name of Albania formed from the name of river Alban.
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This article treats three different Pre-Turk seals – “EM-AM” seal and Oğuz seals (OK and OĞ) – discovered by us during the surface researches carried out in Pamukkale (Hierapolis) region of Denizli. The article which revolves around the academic field and interests of the authors aims to present a descriptive-illuminating frame in the sample of seals found in Denizli. For this reason, while linguistic reading forms/types for seals are included, analysis is left to the researchers in this field.
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Ottoman Empire that was containing different ethnic structures suffered major damages to due the nationalism movement that began both in the Balkans and in the Middle East in the aftermath of the French Revolution of 1789. The Arabian met with the idea of nationalism firtstly in Lebanon via a number of Arab Christian authors and philosophers. Ibrahim el-Yazıcı and his colleagues who are known as one of the pioneers of the idea of this movement called as "The Arab Literary Renaissance" tried to spread their ideas with essays and poetry in various journals they issued. In this study, with the aforementioned poet’s brief biography, some examples associated with Arab nationalism in his various poems will be given.
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There isn’t a common definition of the concept of the Levantines. Usually, who have settled in the port cities of Ottoman territories for various reasons from the 17th century, are British, Italian, French, Hungarian and Slavic- based communities. Although they aren’t Muslims, by communicating with various cultures, mainly in the social, cultural and economic fields, they’ve been able to live with Muslims. Particularly they have stood out in the commercial activities. During armistice ad occupation, Levantines took part in the Turks against the Greeks. And still, in cities such as Istanbul and Izmir, political and economic activities carry on. Levantines, despite having a significant impact on the Ottoman-Turks, haven’t been searched thoroughly. In the article, Levantines who have been living in Izmir, one of the great port cities, in the time of Ottoman Empire and today, are investigated. This study is discussed by the methods of observation, interview, literature and scanning resources.
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Basit Türklerin yaşam şartları ve yaşam tarzı etkisinde oluşan Türk halklarının moral değerleri onların tarih boyunca yüksek askeri niteliklerine esas olmuştur. Türk toplulukları aslında hareketli ve disiplinli ordulardı. Bunun nedeniyle Türk halkları binlerce yıl boyunca muazzam alanları kapsayan imparatorluklar kurmuşlar. Bu Türklerin Pasifik Okyanusu ve Bengal körfezinden Orta Avrupa ve Magribe kadar topraklarda yerleşim alanını büyütmesini veya egemen tabaka olarak temelleşmesini mümkün kıldı. Orta Çağın çoğu boyunca Orta Avrasya fiilen Türk ve Türk-Moğol imparatorlukları tarafından paylaşılmıştı. Ancak Türk dünyası hiç bir zaman dünya sahnesinde tek bir bütün olarak çıkmamış, bilakis Türk halkları tarafından yaratıla büyük devletler güçlerinin önemli kısmını kendi aralarındaki mücadelelere harcadılar.
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In this study, it is mentioned that military music culture’s historical adventure which based on as old as Turkish History. Military music bands have been with Turkish veterans at every time and these bands have encouraged the soldiers to fight, supreme sacrifice for the country and values which they believe. Sometimes this team has been a tactic of war; sometimes its voice has been mercy for heroes who died in wars. In this study of descriptive research, it is indicated that military music is used for what purpose and it is emphasized the importance of historical process of this team in the light of data obtained from literature.
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One of the first literary books given knowledge about the structures of culture, ethic and thought is Kutadgu Bilig in Turkish Islamic literature. Most important features of the book is being constructed around a hero called Gündoğdu and being a systematic work both for internal and external features. It shows also cultural level that Turcs reached contextually and formally. Yusuf Has Hacib is one of the important men of the era in sociology, political sciences, ethics and religion as it had been understood in his work. He had seen himself responsible about society, state government and had given advise how a good administrator and administration must be. He prepared his work to lead the society as many men of letters and thinker had done. Taking place global values in the work and opinions and judgements overlap with the indications of modern sciences increase the importance of work in addition. Works, experimentals, observations, evidences being made beforehand has a contribution in the healthy progress in every field today. Especially on culture which never will be mentioned as old this contribution grows more. Kutadgu Bilig the headstone of Turkish Islamic culture stand in front of us a concrete example that culture never will be named as old and in every culture there are portions to be benefitted.
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Ġslamiyet‟ten önce Orta Asya‟da kurulan en önemli Türk devletlerinden birisi, adında Türk kelimesinin geçtiği ilk siyasal örgütlenme olan Kök Türklerdir. Kök Türkler, sağlam bir devlet ve toplum yapısı kurmanın yanı sıra, sanatın çeĢitli dallarında ve müzikte de önemli geliĢmeler göstermiĢlerdir. Literatür taramasına dayalı betimsel nitelikli bu çalıĢmada, Kök Türklerin müzik hayatları üzerine bilgiler verilmiĢtir.
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How would we write geo-strategic and combined national histories of the Turk countries? It does not seem possible to determine what do we intend to say when we use the phrase “Turkestan countries” or to prepare a cronology about Turkish World History. Besides we don’t know what are the benefits of such studies. Nevertheless to shape the future relations of Turk countries or at least determine basic cornerstones of the strategic roadmap would be useful. One of the special points of History of the Turkish World is cronologic time. Our interest as a historian is about the past incidents and conversion mechanisms of the social structure. Real value of the history shows itself at making predictions about today and future events.
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IX – XV yüzyıllarda Orta Asyanın kültürel gelişme seviyesi Batı Avrupa ülkelerinden üstün olup, bu devrin Türk halkları için Uyanış Çağı olduğu tarihten malumdur. Özellikle X – XII yüzyıllarda Orta Asya ile Kazakistan halklarının dili ve edebiyatının büyük çapta gelişmesindeki yeni yükseliş, müslümanlar için “ilerleme devri” olmuştu [1, 4]. XI – XII yüzyıllarda Karahanlı devletinin güçlenmesiyle birlikte kültür ve edebiyat yeni bir gelişim seviyesine yükseldi. XI yüzyılda Türk İli – Türkistanın kültürel gelişme seviyesinin daha üstün olduğunu gösteren yadigarlar az değildir. Bu asırlarda yaşamış olan baba Türkler gelecek kuşaklarına çok büyük edebikültürel miras bırakmışlardır. Türklerin manevi-kültürel ve tarihi geçmişinde bu yüzyıllarda yaşamış büyük düşünen fikir ve ilim sahipi şahsiyetler, şairler ve dil uzmanları Türk edebiyatının yükselişine, gelişine ölçülmeyecek kadar emek harcamışlardır. Şöhreti dünyaya yayılmış El-Farabi, Ahmed Yükneki, Yusuf Balasağunlu (Has Hacib), Mahmud Kaşgarlı yapıtları o devirdeki ileri fikrin yüksek zirveleriydi. Ta o zamanlarda “Türkçülük” bayrağını yükselten bilginler, öz yapıtlarıyla dünya edebiyatının ileri gelen şahısları tarafından iyi tanılıyordu.
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The article presents, albeit in larger strokes, the place of Macedonia and the Macedonian question in the Croatian historical science and partly in the minds of Croatian society from the mid-nineteenth century to the present day, while also draws attention to some modern aspects. For Croatian historians, philologists and ethnographers, as indeed for all Croatians from the mid-nineteenth century to the Balkan War, there is no doubt that the Macedonian Slavs are Bulgarians and that Macedonia is an integral part of Bulgarian history and culture. This is the authoritative opinion of Bishop Josip Juraj Strossmayer, Franjo Racki, Vatroslav Jagić and many other religious, political, cultural and scientific figures in Banovina of Croatia, Dalmatia and Istria. In 1912-1918, however, the Serbian propaganda, and in the era between the two world wars Serbian nationalism in the Serbo-Croat-Slovene Kingdom (after 1929 – Kingdom of Yugoslavia) worked hard to manipulate Croatian society and to break the will of the Croatian scientists humanitarians to seek and uphold the objective historical truth, but generally fail to achieve this. Quite a different situation arises after the Second World War, when the written and unwritten laws of “brotherhood and unityˮ in Tito's Yugoslavia, the problems of Macedonia and the Macedonian question were granted in full and undisputed possession of historiographical school in Skopje and scientists from other federative republics had no right to deal with them. After the collapse of Yugoslavia and the restoration of state independence of Croatia in 1991, Croatian historiography regained its appearance of objective science, but especially on the Macedonian issue, it seems, it was unable to return to its roots. The new Croatian encyclopaedia, which publishing started in 2000, interprets these matters entirely in the spirit of the official historiography of the Republic of Macedonia. In the few publications that are dedicated to Macedonia and the Macedonian question, the spirit of political correctness and relativism prevails over evidence and objective scientific analysis. However, interest and sympathy among Croats to Bulgaria remain stable and enduring.
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The article analyzes the scientific contributions of Vassil Gjuzelev for the study of the Middle Age history of the geographical region of Macedonia. We have brought a number of interesting historical sources about the fate of the Bulgarians from Macedonia, enslaved by the Turks and sold to Italian merchants in the XIV-XV century. Georgi N. Nikolov concludes: As a student, assistant professor and a close follower of academician Vassil Gjuzelev, I had a good opportunity to get acquaint with his scientific views and those of the past of Medieval Bulgaria. This formed in me the strong historical conclusion that the trinity of Bulgarian Tsardom in the lands of Misia, Thrace and Macedonia in the Middle Ages and Modern Times has no explanation other than the venerable life of the Bulgarians on them. Hopefully the scientific achievements of my teacher Vassil Gjuzelev help getting insight not only of the scientific community in Bulgaria and the distant world, but also the minds of Bulgarians across the Vardar River and the rest of our relatives from the Aegean!
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In this article, the authors studied Lipa mahala (mahalle, neighborhood), one of the traditional urban complexes in the town of Gracanica. Lipa is spread in the southwestern part of Gracanica, on mild slopes. It is assumed that arose quite early, even in the 17th century, although its present name dates back to the 19th century, from the old linden tree that was a cult site. Older name was Hadži Džafer mahala, from the eponymous mosque. The paper presents data on homes and families from the late 19th century, and their origin, and also the most significant urban amenities, antiquities and monuments: the Hadži Džafer mosque, the site of Tećište – locality of the former Tekke, the cult place Mula Dedo’s grave etc.
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Translations have been an interesting part of the history of literature. What has been their function and meaning in different literary epochs? Did they promote new tendencies or influence the creativity of the writers? What has been underestimated so far is the art of translation itself, that is, the development of techniques and styles of translation according to changes in the translator’s work conditions, especially the emancipation, secularization and professionalization of the profession, so that they have been seen as equal in importance to the writers themselves. What should be analyzed are the procedures and practices of translation, which can be interpreted according to contemporary textology. The history of the art of translation is also inspired by contemporary cultural studies, because it regards translation as an institution and focuses on translation discourse, that is, the complex of images, ideas and metaphors that each translator must respect when considering their readers. The tradition of translation is partly different from literary tradition in that the rules of ‘good translation’ promoted at certain times create a codex of a translator’s work.
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The article presents and analyzes the relationship between ethnology and missionary work in the sphere of empirical studies implemented by missionaries and the collections of objects created by them as a result of the study of "exotic cultures". The author raises questions about the possible uses of the collections in modern times overcoming aesthetization by exposing and presenting these objects with a view of their importance in the context of the respective culture.
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The article directs attention towards the images constructed in the museum, implementation of new policies of access to heritage and attraction of new and diverse audiences. The emphasis is on the intellectual provocations of the audience, the development of mobility of collections in Bulgaria, as well as the opening of the museum collections to wider audiences. The analysis is illustrated with examples of effective museum strategies bringing the society and the museum activities closer to each other, the turning of the museum into a place for interactive work, the maintaining of memory and access to new knowledge. With the assistance of the particular “breach” in time – April Fools’ Day, the text searches the place of the Bulgarian museums by way of analyzing of the extreme “media” presence of the visiting exhibitions from the museums of Orhan Pamuk or Dubravka Ugrešić. These mock visits turn into an intellectual provocation for the audience and help to construct desired images in the museum.
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The paper deals with some of the problems of the so-called historical reenactment or the action of performing a new version of an old event. Highbrow reenactors prefer to call it experimental archaeology or living history, putting old things and old life skills to a functional test, or verifying their readings of the record. Their main intention is to come as close as possible to an authentic past and roll around in it. For this reason, the main question is whether this is a hands-on way to learn and celebrate history, or a false theatrical tale of amateur historians. The short red line between the true reenactors and amateur is the desire of the first to follow academic researchers, scientific publications, to collaborate with various museums and museum’s specialists, etc. This is the only way in which it is possible to recreate a true and authentic historical moments.
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