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Prawa człowieka w Australii ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem kobiet

Prawa człowieka w Australii ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem kobiet

Author(s): Mieczysław Sprengel,Katarzyna Sprengel / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

Women’s rights and their political aspect are inextricably linked in multitudinous ways. The fact that there is no bill of rights entrenched in the Australian constitution makes it fairly difficult for women to address their issues and claim rights on the basis of constitutional rights. The policy impact created by the combination of visible women’s movement, receptive political parties and effective women’s policy agencies within government had largely dissipated by the mid-1990s. Federalism in Australia has created opportunities in regards to political activism for feminist movements. The advocates of women’s rights in Australia are known to have worked „within a multilevel political system”. The Women’s Electoral Lobby (WEL) was founded in 1972. WEL’s ambition was to take women’s interests to the government and making it receptive to their ideas in order to influence policies. A sign of gender equality demonstrates itself through women being able to support themselves financially and be independent, if they choose so. This political engagement by women is a necessity in order to introduce laws and pass legislation

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Tschechoslowakei - Preßburg — Die jüngste Hauptstadt Europas
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Tschechoslowakei - Preßburg — Die jüngste Hauptstadt Europas

Author(s): Jan Budaj / Language(s): German Issue: 24/1986

Die Umweltprobleme in Bratislava/Preßburg nehmen allmählich eine neue Qualität an. Resümee: Hoffen wir, daß es noch schlimmer wird, damit endlich etwas geschieht. Ein Bericht von Jan Budaj.

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Ungarn - Es grünt so grün, wenn Donausaurier blühen
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Ungarn - Es grünt so grün, wenn Donausaurier blühen

Author(s): Herrmann Dworczak / Language(s): German Issue: 23/1986

Ungarn erlebte im Jänner eine unabhängige, öffentliche Versammlung: Der Versuch, im Februar den Protest gegen das Kraftwerk Gahcikovo-Nagymaros auf die Straße zu tragen, scheiterte allerdings am Widerstand der Behörden.

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Towards green banking

Towards green banking

Author(s): Maciej Mikliński / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

The purpose of the study is to present, using the method of critical analysis of the literature, the selected issues accompanying the phenomenon of so-called "green banking". Green banking includes two main aspects. Internally, it manifests itself as an effort to make the operation of banks environmentally neutral. In the external aspect, i.e. the scope of banks' operation in the market, the idea of green banking is used in the selection of assets in which banks financially engage. As a result, banking institutions are becoming an important instrument for transmitting environmental policy impulses to the economy, particularly by excluding the financing of some traditional industries such as the fossil fuel industry. While the goal of climate protection itself is understandable, the manner and pace of pursuing it is no longer necessarily so. On the one hand, banks succumbing to political and social pressure are imposing pro-environmental missions on themselves, including a rapid shift away from financing the fossil fuel industry. On the other hand, such an approach results in a feedback mechanism through which the likelihood of the creation of so-called stranded assets in the financial system increases, i.e. the loss of value of bank assets previously involved in and linked to environmentally damaging industries. The magnitude of the impact of this phenomenon on the stability of the financial system is difficult to estimate, as its negative effects will not only directly affect the funds involved in certain industries but will also cause the price of commodities and thus of derivatives based on them or related to them to become unstable.

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Disputes related to the protection of the right to a healthy environment: the experience of Ukraine and EU

Disputes related to the protection of the right to a healthy environment: the experience of Ukraine and EU

Author(s): Yulia Leheza / Language(s): English Issue: 9/2023

This article discusses approaches to understanding the right to a safe environment in accordance with the legislation of the EU and Ukraine. It has been established that in modern conditions, the concept of the right to a safe natural and anthropogenic environment has undergone a transformation. The basis for protecting this right must be understood as a balance between private and public interests, as a principle for implementing and achieving the goals of the Strategy for Sustainable Development. The author has carried out a classification of disputes related to the implementation and protection of the human right to a safe natural and anthropogenic environment. The analysis substantiates the interaction between changing the understanding of the right to a safe environment and the right to initiate a claim for its protection. This leads to the conclusion that the leading bearers of public interest in the field of environmental protection are public organizations. The author’s classification of disputes in the field of implementation and protection of the natural environment is then substantiated.

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IS INTEGRATED REPORTING A GREENWASHING?

IS INTEGRATED REPORTING A GREENWASHING?

Author(s): Süleyman Yükçü,Selda Korga / Language(s): English Issue: 41/2023

This study aims to investigate the presence of greenwashing practices within the integrated reports of enterprises operating within the integrated reporting framework. The study examines the statements on environmental management and indicators of natural capital in the integrated reports of 13 enterprises that published such reports in 2022. The analysis aims to identify whether these enterprises employ greenwashing practices in their explanations related to these indicators. In the study, it was observed that the enterprises within the scope of the research applied to greenwashing applications in their integrated reports. By presenting the findings, the study will determine whether greenwashing practices are prevalent within integrated reporting.

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ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS AND PRINCIPLES OF GREEN POST-WAR RECONSTRUCTION OF UKRAINE

Author(s): Nataliia Gakhovich / Language(s): English Issue: 14/2022

Russia's invasion of Ukraine is not an accidental phenomenon, but a long hybridwar caused by historical preconditions, which leads to huge losses: human casualties, socio--economic shocks, catastrophic environmental risks and impedes economic progress not onlyin Ukraine but around the world. The author highlights the scale of environmental risksduring hostilities, which negatively affect not only the environment but also the future ofmankind, in local development and on a global scale. The pre-war general ecological stateof Ukraine is also analyzed. The principles of post-war green reconstruction of Ukraine aredetermined, i.e. on the basis of sustainable development and taking into account the Europeangreen course. The priority tasks for post-war reconstruction of Ukraine on the principles ofgreen economy which will allow Ukraine to be the high-tech, comfortable, safe, healthy andprosperous country are proved.

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Състояние на газовата инфраструктура на енергийната система на Република България като гарант за енергийната сигурност

Състояние на газовата инфраструктура на енергийната система на Република България като гарант за енергийната сигурност

Author(s): Anatoli Andreev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The article discusses the essence of infrastructure for the energy system. Therefore, they are noted for the main types of energy infrastructure according to the type of energy source used, resource. Their condition and their profitability for the energy sector. The influence of the state of the energy infrastructure on the opportunities and prospects for the sectoral development of the energy sector is emphasized. Its importance in terms of security of the energy system. The essence and the development of the infrastructure of the energy system of the Republic of Bulgaria are considered.

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Społecznie odpowiedzialne innowacje w gospodarce odpadami komunalnymi w mieście przyszłości

Społecznie odpowiedzialne innowacje w gospodarce odpadami komunalnymi w mieście przyszłości

Author(s): Józefa Famielec,Agata Lulewicz-Sas,Stanisław Famielec,Marcin Chełkowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2023

Objective: To define, identify and evaluate socially responsible innovations of municipal waste management in the city.Research Design & Methods: Socially responsible innovations were considered a condition and an opportunity to achieve municipal waste management goals and standards in cities. These include solutions that ensure a legally regulated, economically justified and socially acceptable hierarchy of waste management and, as a result, closing the material cycles in this economy. The theoretical background covers definitions of socially responsible innovations and the development of goals and standards in municipal waste management. The empirical basis comprises unpublished data on municipal waste management from a company working in Krakow and reports produced by the Mayor’s Office of the City of Krakow on the implementation of tasks in municipal waste management. Econometric (regression) and statistical methods for studying the dynamics of changes and the structure of the categories examined were used.Findings: In the period under consideration, the Municipality of Krakow achieved the legally required levels of recycling and preparation for reuse and recovery of some fractions of municipal waste. The income of the municipal waste management system per capita has a positive and statistically significant impact on the levels of preparation for reuse, recycling and recovery that were achieved.Implications / Recommendations: Innovative organisation and management as well as innovative methods of waste segregation and collection ensure that the goals and standards in municipal waste management will continue to be achieved.Contribution: The article contributes new knowledge on improving the productivity and efficiency of municipal waste management, the use and implementation of the “polluter pays” principle and improving the effectiveness of integrated municipal waste management systems.

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RAZARANJE I ODBRANA BOSANSKOHERCEGOVAČKOG NARODA I NJEGOVE DRŽAVE: ENERGETSKE STRATEGIJE I ANTISTRATEGIJE
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RAZARANJE I ODBRANA BOSANSKOHERCEGOVAČKOG NARODA I NJEGOVE DRŽAVE: ENERGETSKE STRATEGIJE I ANTISTRATEGIJE

Author(s): Rasim Gačanović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 103/2023

Brojni su važni aspekti opstanka društva i države, a tri temeljna jesu potpuna sposobnost priskrbljivanja i proizvodnje hrane, energije i sredstava odbrane. Prema tome kriteriju moguće je mjeriti i stupanj suvereniteta svake države, pa tako i bosanskohercegovačke. Energija se u prirodi, tehnici i industriji pojavljuje u različitim oblicima, koji se pretvaraju jedan u drugi u skladu s načelom očuvanja energije – zakonom fizike prema kojem je u zatvorenom sistemu zbir energije u svim oblicima, mehaničke, toplinske, električne, magnetske i tako dalje, konstantan. Drugim riječima, u zatvorenom sistemu jedan oblik energije može prelaziti u druge, a da se pri tom energija niti stvara niti poništava. Ona se ne može ni potrošiti ni stvoriti, već samo promijeniti oblik.

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EUROPE AND RUSSIA: A NECESSARY COOPERATION

EUROPE AND RUSSIA: A NECESSARY COOPERATION

Author(s): Răzvan Hagimă,Delia Vasilica Rotaru / Language(s): English Issue: 13/2014

This paper offers an overview of the cooperation between the European Union and Russia in the energy sector. The European Union has been dependent on the imports of gas from Russia and has been looking to find alternative resources being conscious that a conflict with Russia would lead to disastrous effects if the country would stop supplying gas to Europe. The article also offers a point of view for the major pipeline projects that involve Russia and the EU and that would influence their cooperation such as South Stream, Nabucco and Trans-Adriatic.

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ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION IN BOTSWANA:THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT, INDUSTRIALISATION AND URBANIZATION

ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION IN BOTSWANA:THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT, INDUSTRIALISATION AND URBANIZATION

Author(s): Lira SEKANTSI,SAYED TIMUNO / Language(s): English Issue: 19/2017

Botswana’s electricity supply is overwhelmed by the growing energy demands with the peak electric power deficits being met through imports. This study seeks to understand the key drivers of this increasing electricity demand. Using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing and Error Correction Model (ECM), it examines the role played by financial development, industrialisation and urbanization in Botswana’s energy (or more specifically electricity)-growth nexus between 1981 and 2011. The findings reveal that economic growth, financial development and industrialization positively affect electricity consumption in the short-run and long-run. However, urbanization increases electricity consumption only in the long-term. These finding not only support conservation hypothesis but also imply that policy-makers should take into account the increase in electricity demand arising from financial development, urbanization and industrialisation in energy (electricity) consumption planning in the economy to avoid energy crisis. In addition, policy-makers should search and invests in renewable energy sources such as solar to increase access to cheap energy source.

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COLLECTIVE DEFENCE IN THE WIDER BLACK SEA AREA IN THE CURRENT GEOPOLITICAL, STRATEGIC, MILITARY AND ECONOMIC CONTEXT (II)

COLLECTIVE DEFENCE IN THE WIDER BLACK SEA AREA IN THE CURRENT GEOPOLITICAL, STRATEGIC, MILITARY AND ECONOMIC CONTEXT (II)

Author(s): Virgil-Ovidiu Pop / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2016

The author continues the analysis of the security scenarios concerning the main actors in the Wider Black Sea Area (WBSA) as well as of the nature of the relations between them, starting from Russian interests and policy in the region. Thus, for Russia, the energy geopolitics is closely related, in its relations with the EU, NATO, and especially the states in the WBSA, to the pursuit of some goals associated with its affirmation and confirmation as a great power. One of the scenarios mentioned by the author is that related to the Russians taking control over the entire southern coast of Ukraine to connect the Russian Federation and its security forces in the area of the self-proclaimed Republic of Transdniestria with Crimea.

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THE LOW OIL PRICE ENVIRONMENT: IMPLICATIONS FOR NATO

THE LOW OIL PRICE ENVIRONMENT: IMPLICATIONS FOR NATO

Author(s): Michael RÜHLE,Julijus GRUBLIAUSKAS / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2015

The authors discuss the low oil price possible implications for NATO. Firstly, the causes of the oil price collapse are mentioned. The flat oil consumption, the massive increase in the US unconventional oil and gas production, and the lack of consensus within the OPEC are among them. Then, the prospects for a price rise are analysed. In this regard, it is shown that the economies of Russia and many other oil-producing countries will suffer financial losses. In this context, NATO will have to deal with several actors in the region whose geopolitical objectives are not only at odds with one another, but whose political agendas might also be increasingly determined by the need to cope with economic decline and domestic unrest – a development that would make them even less predictable.

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WHAT’S REALLY HOLDING LIBYA BACK

WHAT’S REALLY HOLDING LIBYA BACK

Author(s): Barak Barfi / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2014

The author writes about Libya after the death of Mu’ammar al-Qadhafi and the dilemmas the country has been confronted with. First, he addresses the need for security reform, focused on building a strong army and police force in the context of the inability to rein in hundreds of autonomous militias. Then, he mentions the political and administrative gridlock the country has been facing, with a dysfunctional parliament, state institutions destroyed by Qadhafi and lack of proper investment in higher education. To conclude, he identifies a series of other changes the country must face, such as: a federalist movement in the East, tribes shutting down oil pipelines, stressing out the need for fostering efficient governance, building state institutions and encouraging respect for the state of law.

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THE ROLE OF CIRCULAR ECONOMY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ENTERPRISES PROFITABILITY - THEORETICAL FORMULATIONS AND LIMITATIONS

THE ROLE OF CIRCULAR ECONOMY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ENTERPRISES PROFITABILITY - THEORETICAL FORMULATIONS AND LIMITATIONS

Author(s): Georgi Petkov,Petar Borisov / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The purpose of current research is to analyse the main definitions regarding the essence of the concept of "circular economy" and summarize a general approach for defining scientific principles for evaluating the potential of the circular economy in the agricultural sector of Bulgaria. Compiling an objective and credible methodology for the analysis and evaluation of the contribution of the circular economy approach in the management of the profitability of enterprises in the sector is a complex process that must begin with the definition of the boundaries of scientific research, as well as the determination of the main limitations, as well as in terms of the information characterizing the object and the subject of research, as well as in terms of the influence of other "random" events (phenomenon) on the level of profitability achieved in the investigated enterprises.

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Research Outlines of the Sustainable Profile of Believers in Croatia

Research Outlines of the Sustainable Profile of Believers in Croatia

Author(s): Ivana Brstilo Lovrić,Miriam Mary Brgles,Damir Mravunac / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The topic of this paper are sustainable habits and attitudes of the religious population in Croatia regarding the Encyclical Letter Laudato Si’. Empirical work is based on CRO Laudato Si' project using survey method on a non-probabilistic sample of the religious population in Croatia, which in this paper are operationalized as active and occasional believers according to their regularity of attending religious ceremonies (N=1305). The analysis showed that active believers have a more pronounced sustainable profile (as they throw away less food, separate waste more, show greater readiness for saving water, electrical energy and have a more pronounced critical attitude about the need for greater application of the Laudato Si' within the Church and society) than the occasional believers. Given the nonrepresentative sample, the presented data cannot be generalized to the religious population in Croatia, shaping its fundamental contribution in stimulating future scientific analyses and reflections on the Church's relationship with religious practices, and emphasizing active believers as potential social leaders of sustainable lifestyles. Therefore, the sustainable habits of the surveyed believers represent a relational good and serve as the basis for building a culture of moderation that respects key principles of Catholic Social Teaching. In that perspective, we conclude that it is important for the Church to speak more often about the socio-environmental crisis and encourage strong responses to the crisis at all social levels, from households and families to the macro level.

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Does Political (De)stabilization Drive Clean Energy Transition?

Does Political (De)stabilization Drive Clean Energy Transition?

Author(s): Runguo Xu,Muntasir Murshed,Wenjuan Li / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Exploring the political economy of clean energy development, this study appraises how political(de)stabilization influences the clean energy transition process in selected South Asian countries.Using yearly data spanning from 1998 to 2021, the results show that political stabilization facilitatesthe clean energy transition process by raising the share of renewables in the final energyconsumption profiles of the concerned South Asian nations. Contrarily, political destabilization isfound to inhibit the transition process. In addition, political stabilization is witnessed to partiallyoffset the clean energy transition-inhibiting impact of rising carbon dioxide emissions acrossSouth Asia. Furthermore, the results endorse that financial development and receipts of internationalremittance contribute to the clean energy transition process while incoming foreign directinvestments exert no impact in this regard. Accordingly, a couple of policies are recommended forthe concerned South Asian nations.

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Role of Corruption and Governance Quality on Green Electricity Transition: Learning Through the Lens of Economic Complexity and Sustainability

Role of Corruption and Governance Quality on Green Electricity Transition: Learning Through the Lens of Economic Complexity and Sustainability

Author(s): Ziya A,Xiaochuan Guo,Syed Ali Raza / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The transition towards green and clean energy sources is the need of the day and a key targetfor several economies across the globe. Besides, emerging economies also aim to minimizefossil fuel dependence, promoting the adoption of green electricity. However, several obstacles,including governance, corruption and economic-related issues, are forthcoming in attainingsustainability in the context of green energy. This research examines seven emerging economiesfrom 1990 to 2020. The study uses novel panel diagnostic assessment approaches, which validatethe slope heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence and confirm the cointegration betweenthe study variables. Employing the method of moments quantile regression, this researchconcludes that corruption and governance quality adversely influence the transition to greenelectricity. On the other hand, the influence of economic complexity, research and developmentexpenditures and per capita GDP is positive and significant. These results are robust as validatedby estimators such as mean group and fully modified ordinary least squares. Furthermore, a twowayGranger causality exists between regressors and green energy transition, which allows thisresearch to offer appropriate policy implications. This study recommends improving institutions,strengthening bureaucracy, enhancing accountability and investing in research and development, green technologies and human capital to encourage green energy transition.

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Comparative Analysis of Technological Innovation in Chinese Cities: Pre and Post-Government Green Performance Assessment

Comparative Analysis of Technological Innovation in Chinese Cities: Pre and Post-Government Green Performance Assessment

Author(s): Hooi Hooi Lean,, Yiyan Chen / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

To better promote the transformation of the economic development mode and improve technologicalinnovation, the Chinese central government adjusted the performance assessment criteria forlocal officials. This study explores whether the government green performance assessment canserve to promote technological innovation. Data from 288 Chinese cities from between 2009 and2018 is taken as the sample and the fixed effects model is utilized as the methodology. The findingsshow that the government green performance assessment has significant direct and long-termeffects on technological innovation. The promotion of technological innovation is more evidentin industry-oriented, low-pollution, and center groups, in addition to among veteran, high-education,and senior groups. Proposed policy recommendations include establishing a performancesystem that emphasizes short and long-term effects, and developing performance standards thatare tailored to local conditions.

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