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MARKET INTERNATIONALIZATION IN THE REGIONAL CONTEXT

Author(s): Sylvie Kotikova,RENATA ČUHLOVÁ / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The paper aims to analyse the presence of foreign direct investments that were granted government support in form of investment incentive. The performed analysis consists of the national cultural distance measurement and the foreign presence calculations an indicator of spillover effects including also the intensity of transfer indicator that collectively depict the situation in the Pardubice region of the Czech Republic with the related effects. The research sample of 22 foreign investors is investigated during the period 2002-2014. The cultural distance is calculated by original and modified Kogut-Singh index based on Hofstede´s data of cultural dimensions. The lowest cultural distance from the Czech Republic as a host investment country was found with Spain and Italy. Contrary, the highest cultural distance was measured with Denmark. Findings of the foreign presence investigation report the ability of the Pardubice region to improve or absorb the benefits from localized companies at a steady pace from 2002 to 2011 and afterwards with decreasing trend for the last two examined years. Low level of the foreign presence suggests low potential for know-how spillover from FDI into domestic firms which is supported by values of the intensity of transfer of 0.4 in average.

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UNEMPLOYMENT AND REGIONAL STRUCTURE OF HOUSING MARKET

Author(s): DAVID SLAVATA / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The paper tries to explain the relationship between the regional level of unemployment and regional structure of supply of housing market. There are investigated three segments of housing market, which are the rental, home ownership and cooperative segments. The data were collected from temporary real estate advertising in the years 2015, 2016 and 2017. The data were investigated by using OLS model. As the main result there was find out relationship between the regional level of unemployment and cooperative housing. The main likely reasons for the relationship can be explained as legal and financial barriers and concentration of elderly generation in cooperative housing sector.

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PROSTOROVÁ NEURČITOST FUNKČNÍCH REGIONŮ: POROVNÁNÍ ŠKOLSKÉ A PRACOVNÍ DOJÍŽĎKY

Author(s): Petr Tonev,MARTIN TOMÁŠ,Martin Erlebach,Marián Halás,Pavel Klapka / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Functional regions are based on horizontal links, flows and interactions. Sophisticated iterative algorithms are used for their definition, which is never completely unambiguous. The term spatial uncertainty denotes that the affinity of regional building blocks to a functional region can vary. The same term applies to the different affinity of building blocks to functional regions defined by two different processes. The objective of the paper is to define functional regions by the daily travel-tolearn and travel-to-work flows. The commuting to the secondary schools is used as the former criterion. The paper compares the results based on both flows and the theory of spatial uncertainty.

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MIERA EKONOMICKEJ AKTIVITY OBYVATEĽSTVA V KONTEXTE DEMOGRAFICKÝCH ZMIEN V REGIÓNOCH SLOVENSKA

Author(s): DANA ORSZÁGHOVÁ / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Region is closely connected with one of important factors of its development; i.e. with region population that represents socio-demographic, cultural and economic potential in this space. The aim of the paper is to assess development of labor-force participation rate in the context of demographic changes in regions of Slovakia. Economic activity rate is a quantitative indicator about situation at the labor force in regions. Values of this indicator are dependent on demographic changes of working-age population. Analysis consisted of assessing changes in different age groups of population and rate of economic activity in period 2000 - 2015. Development of working age population has been significantly affected by economic crisis, which culminated in Slovakia in 2010. Development of population in post-working age follows the trend in majority of European countries, resulting in a marked aging of the population. Based on data it can be expected decline in population of working age in the near future. In terms of prediction of development of labor-force participation rate, the opposite effect occurs; rate of economic activity of the population will be increasing due to labor shortages. The part of retirement age residents will remain active in labor market.

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FOREIGN IMMIGRATION: PERMEATION OF MIGRATION THEORIES INTO REGIONAL DOMAIN

Author(s): Jaroslav Macháček / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Increasing intensity of international migration induces the need for its appropriate theoretical interpretation, also with regard to development of various types of territorial systems. The aim of the paper is to specify question and issues, the understanding of which should support the evaluation of foreign migration´s impacts on economy, in both national and regional dimensions. The paper presented draws attention to some of regionally significant elements of migration economic theory based particularly on the neoclassical concept. Sequentially, it evaluates the possibility of regional analysis and comparison related to migration, the application of which can contribute also to the advancement of migration theories. The examples of data, related to the Czech regional pattern, which describe territorial distribution and dynamics of foreign migration in selected Czech regions have been presented.

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Retirement Decisions of Seniors in Poland in the Light of the Qualitative Research

Author(s): Kamila Bielawska / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Although the Polish economy, labour market and retirement system have been going through serious changes over the last thirty years, the effective retirement age in Poland is still relatively low. The aim of the paper was to evaluate if the main reasons to retire among Polish pensioners have been changing through time. The analysis is based on the qualitative research carried out in November 2017 in a form of individual in-depth interviews (IDI) with seniors in different age groups (65-74; 75-84; 85+) for whom the old-age pension is a main source of income. Preliminary results have shown that seniors, despite of their age, tended to retire as soon as possible. Respondents aged 65-74 often indicated that during retirement they were continuing economic activity for a few years and some of them, who quickly retired and did not continue their work, expressed the opinion that from the perspective of time it was a wrong decision. Seniors in older ages (75+) reported disability or health problems as an important reason of early retirement and leaving the labour market (transition from disability pension to old-age pension was treated as a natural path). This factor was less visible in opinions of younger retires. Few of them pointed out that they retired as they wanted to take the advantage of a leisure time. A retrospective look at pension decisions indicated as the results of the conducted study may provide some interesting conclusions for public policies in the field of pension systems.

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Level of Industry Automation 4.0 in the Czech Republic and Impact on Unemployment

Author(s): Martina Hedvičáková,Martin Kráľ / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The Czech Republic has the lowest unemployment rate throughout the European Union. According to Eurostat and the Czech Statistical Office, in March 2018, the unemployment rate in the Czech Republic reached 2.2%. Such a low unemployment rate causes an excess of demand over supply. Companies are looking for ways of meeting the demand of their customers. One of the possibilities is technological progress. For this reason, both the Czech Republic as well as the European Union are promoting the Industry 4.0 initiative and at the present time also the Work 4.0. The aim of the paper is to analyse the impact of Industry 4.0 and Work 4.0 on the labour market. The paper contains an analysis of the share of unemployed people in individual regions and the development of wages. The manufacturing industry is one of the key sectors of the Czech economy. The following hypotheses are tested: The impact of Industry 4.0 is markedly different in the Czech Republic regions and second As a result of the enforcement of Industry 4.0 (production automation), unemployment varies across regions.

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Labour Taxation in the European Union. Comparative Analysis and Conclusions for Poland

Author(s): Anna Krajewska,Anna Krajewska,Magdalena Kapela / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Labour tax burdens consist of two main elements: personal income tax and social security contribution. Both have been subjects of multiple changes in European Union countries. The aim of the article is: 1) to present main directions of those changes, 2) to show their influence on tax wedge in different EU countries, 3) to show specification of labour taxation in Poland. Tax wedge in Poland demonstrates very low progressivity, that means it does not take into consideration income and family situation. Internal structure of tax wedge is also untypical because of great share of social security contribution. In the article there has been undertake an attempt to present causes of tax wedge otherness in Poland and resulting economic and social fallouts. Also, there are postulated directions of changes. In the paper analysis were based on Eurostat and OECD statistics and research on labour taxation carried out in Poland.

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The Effectiveness of Lower Secondary Education in OECD Countries

Author(s): Darya DANCAKOVÁ,Jozef Glova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In contemporary society the meaning of education has changed dramatically. The phenomenon of knowledge economy represents the highest stage of the postindustrial society and economy development, where the competitiveness of a country is no longer defined through the ever-larger number of factory workers, but is directly related to the stock of knowledge and capability for learning new skills embodied in even more educated population. Therefore, in today´s fast-changing global environment, education is recognized as one of the most important factors, besides financial and material resources, determining a success of a modern society. Mainly, the secondary education attainment could be perceived as an important stage in educational progressing across developed countries, since leaving school with a good qualification is crucial for getting into tertiary education as well as for entering a job market. The following study measures the efficiency of secondary education using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and compares the results across the selected EU countries. The aim of the paper is to provide an empirical analysis of the relationship between educational expenditures and its efficiency reflected in the PISA testing results

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ANALYSIS OF SHARED SERVICE CENTERS AND BUSINESS PROCESS OUTSOURCING CENTERS IN SLOVAK REGIONS

Author(s): Marta URBANÍKOVÁ,MICHAELA ŠTUBŇOVÁ,Michal Levický / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In addition to the automotive industry, Shared Service Centers (SSCs) and Business Process Outsourcing Centers (BPOs) form an important part of the Slovak economy and have a significant impact on the development of individual regions. The SSC & BPO sector, which is one of the fastest growing sectors of the Slovak economy, brings investments, creates economic growth, cultural exchange and provides job opportunities with higher added value. The growth of professional employment in the regions is a key component of the Slovak Republic's development. The aim of the paper is to analyze SSC & BPOs as a creator of new job opportunities in the regions of Slovakia on the basis of their structure, the number of SSC & BPOs in regions and number of employees. We are also examining factors that significantly affect investors in choosing a region. Based on the results of the correlation analysis, it can be stated that factors such as the number of universities, quality of airline connections, the number of economically active residents with university education and quality of road infrastructure in the region significantly influence investors' decisions to create SSC & BPOs. SSC & BPOs are major employers, contribute to education and develop the economy of cities. Third-generation SSC & BPOs are also emerging in Slovakia, they are focused on science and research, especially in the area of information technology

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HODNOCENÍ POTENCIÁLNÍCH VLIVŮ VYSOKORYCHLOSTNÍCH TRATÍ NA PRACOVNÍ MOBILITU V ČESKÉ REPUBLICE

Author(s): Vilém Pařil,Milan Viturka / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The aim of the article is to contribute to the discussion of effectiveness of construction of high-speed lines (HSR) in the Czech Republic with an emphasis on the perception of their impacts on the spatial mobility of labor force. The concrete approach to impacts assessment is based on the potential availability of twelve urban centers on planned lines and their attractiveness for labor mobility, using data on commuting to the 2011 census. The results document strategic position of Prague as the main commuting center, which relevant indicators significantly exceed all other labor mobility centres (the second most important center Brno is about half the importance). This fact was confirmed not only by the analysis of gradient labor areas, but also by evaluating of commuting relations among relevant centers. The system assessment of potential impacts of HSR on labor markets is then carried out using the model of marginal rate of labor mobility, where it is possible to count on positive impacts except for Prague on two other commuter centers, Brno and Pilsen. In the case of other analyzed centers, then we can count on increasing the potential of a trip for work to the above-mentioned centers.

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Ortaokul Öğretmenlerinin Örgütsel Yalnızlık Algıları: Demografik Değişkenlerin Rolünün İncelenmesi

Author(s): Nurten Önçırak,Gökhan Kahveci / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Organizational loneliness is an important issue for schools and teachers. In an educational setting, organizational loneliness can lead to burnout, reduced motivation, and an increased likelihood of turnover. Teachers who feel isolated and unsupported may also struggle to provide the best possible education to their students. In schools, organizational loneliness can be particularly pronounced due to the nature of the work. Teachers and staff often work long hours, have limited opportunities for social interaction, and may feel disconnected from colleagues due to different schedules or roles. In addition, the hierarchical structure of many schools can make it difficult for teachers and staff to connect with others in different roles or as individuals. The purpose of this study is to determine secondary school teachers' perceptions of organizational loneliness and examine whether they differ according to some demographic variables. The sampling type was simple random sampling, and 253 teachers were studied. Data were collected using the Loneliness in Work Life Scale. The results of the study showed that teachers generally had low perceptions of organizational loneliness. However, differentiation was found for the age and school type variables. No differentiation was observed for other variables. Based on the results of the study, several recommendations were developed.

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Profession as a Categori of Society

Author(s): Ali Demir / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Professionalization is nowadays a term used to explain modern society by defining it as the explanatory feature of society. Max Weber, Emile Durkheim, Herbert Spencer, Talcott Parsons, Niklas Luhmann and Jürgen Habermas have used concepts such as centralization, rationalization, universalization and communication in describing and explaining society (Kurtz, 2006; Kurtz, 2011: 31-33). In this context, centralization and rationalization on the one hand, universalization and communication on the other hand, can be understood as two complementary processes. Centralization could be defined as the process of unification both on the basis of geography (center-periphery) and structure and function. On the other hand, rationalization means the process of unification based on effectiveness and efficiency.

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Covid-19 Döneminde Rusya’da İşgücü Göçü

Author(s): Akif Abdullah / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Uluslararası işgücü değişimi (işgücü göçü) küresel bir olgu olup, işgücü piyasasının işleyişinin önemli bir bileşenidir. Günümüzde dünyada yaklaşık 164 milyon işçi göçmeni bulunmaktadır ve bu, tüm ülke ve bölgelerdeki toplam uluslararası göçmen sayısının yaklaşık % 60’nı, toplam işçi sayısının da % 4,7’sini oluşturmaktadır. Demografik ve sosyo-ekonomik zorluklar bağlamında, yabancı işgücünün çekilmesi ve kullanılması, ekonomik kalkınmanın gerekli bir unsuru, işgücü piyasasının ve istihdamın oluşumunda önemli bir faktördür. 2020 yılının başlangıcı, modern dünya tarihinde olağanüstü bir olayla (covid-19 pandemisi) bütün dünya olumsuz etkilenmiştir.

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Rusya Federasyonu İşgücü Piyasasında Kadın İstihdamının Yapısı ve Sorunları

Author(s): Akif Abdullah / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

İşgücü kaynaklarının rasyonel kullanımını sağlamak her zaman ekonomi yönetiminin önemli görevlerinden birisi olmuştur. Bu bağlamda kadın istihdamının nasıl dönüştürüldüğü, bu dönüşüm için hangi yapısal değişikliklerin gerçekleştirildiği, nüfusun toplumsal üretim ve işbölümü sistemindeki kadının yerini nasıl etkilediği gibi konular da ekonomi açısından büyük bir öneme sahiptir. İstihdam konusu tüm ülkeler açısından başat bir konuma sahip olduğu için kadın istihdamı da bu bağlamda ülkeler arasında belirleyici bir faktör olma durumuna gelmiştir. Çünkü erkeklere göre daha dezavantajlı bir konumda olan kadınlar istihdama ve üretim süreçlerine katılmasıyla birlikte ülke içerisindeki işgücü daha yoğun ve nitelikli hale gelmektedir. Ayrıca ailelerin gelir ve refah düzeyi artacağı için sosyal devlet ilkesi gereği kamu kurum ve idareleri tarafından katlanılan maliyetlerde de azalmalara katkı sağlamaktadır.

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Analysing Antecedents of Unemployment Rate with K-Means Algorithm of Artificial Intelligence and Data Mining in USA

Author(s): Özerk Yavuz,Hasan Alpago / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The unemployed are people of working age who are unemployed, fit for the labor market and actively seeking employment. Consistent application of this definition allows for estimates of unemployment rates that are more internationally comparable than estimates based on national unemployment definitions.

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Applying Machine Learning, Data Mining and Artificial Intelligence in The Analysis of Employment Rate as a Leading Indicator of Female and Male Life Expectancies in UK

Author(s): Özerk Yavuz,Hasan Alpago / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The corona pandemic has a tremendous impact on all industries, especially workers. In this study, we want to show how the employees are affected by the crisis according to the situation of women or men, based on the example of England. In this respect, the use of artificial intelligence algorithms in the evaluation of macroeconomic data, which varies sharply during the pandemic period, will make an important contribution to obtaining more meaningful results. In this context, it will be a very effective approach to apply especially to data mining, machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms in the analysis of macroeconomic data.

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Uluslararası Göç-Kalkınma İlişkisi: Göçmenlerin Uluslararası Sermaye Transferleri Açısından Bir İnceleme

Author(s): Yıldız Özkök / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

İnsanların sınırlar ötesine göç etmesi hem göç veren ülke hem de göç alan ülkelerde ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel sonuçlar yaratmaktadır. Göç, milyonlarca insanın hayatını dolaylı ve dolaysız yoldan etkileyen çok yönlü bir olaydır. Sermayenin uluslararasılaşması, küreselleşmenin hızlanması, mal ve hizmetlerin olduğu kadar insan mobilitesini de artırmaktadır. Bu durum uluslararası göçün hızlanmasına ve ülkeler için önemli bir konu haline gelmesine neden olmuştur. Dolayısıyla özellikle 1970’li yıllardan sonra daha da artan uluslararası göç olgusunun yönetilmesi, ülkeler için önem arz etmekte ve küresel politika gündeminin en üst sıralarında yer alan konulardan biri olmaktadır.

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Beyin Göçü

Author(s): Nalan Işık,Ebru Ertürk / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Uluslararası emek göçü teorisine göre uluslararası işgücü hareketliliği ülkeler arasındaki ücret seviyelerindeki mevcut farklılıklara dayandırılmaktadır. Bu teori, uzun vadede ücretlerin eşitlenmesi ve ülkelerin refah seviyelerinin yakınsaması açısından küresel verimliliğe katkı sunmaktadır. Küreselleşmenin hız kazanması, bilgi ve teknolojinin gelişimi ile gelişmiş ekonomilerde yaşlanan nüfusla birlikte uluslararası işgücü piyasasında yüksek nitelikli göçmen işgücüne olan talebi artırmıştır. Bunlara ek olarak günümüzün vasıflı işgücünün kendi ülkesi dışında başka bir ülkeye göç etmesinde kendi ülkesinin ekonomik koşulları ve spesifik şartların kötüleşmesi sonucu daha iyi çalışma ve yaşam şartları elde etme isteği de önemli ölçüde etkili olmaktadır.

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Stratejik İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi ve Sürdürülebilir İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi Arasındaki İlişki

Author(s): Burcu Arısoy / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

We see that human resources management has undergone changes in the historical process with the changing environmental conditions from the past to the present. The industrial revolution is important in terms of the emergence of the concept of today's job employer in working life. It can be argued that the industrial revolution was a milestone in this context. On the other hand, working life has continued in the early stages of humanity, and the meanings given to work have been influential in the context of who fulfills the concept of work. The understanding of personnel management, which prevailed during and after the industrial revolution, had to be replaced by the understanding of human resources with both technological changes and changes in labor markets. This period, which is called traditional human resources management, lasted until the understanding of strategic human resources management. Along with all these developments, it cannot be clearly emphasized in the literature whether strategic human resources management fulfills its mission or which concepts replace it or will replace it. As a matter of fact, the concepts of sustainable human resources management, green human resources management, agile human resources management are used as concepts in today's human resources management perspective. In this context, the study was carried out in order to reveal the relationship of strategic human resources management with the concept of sustainable human resources management and to explain the concepts.

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