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Classification of Work-related Accidents as the Basis of Analysis of Employer's Liability Risk and Insurance Decisions

Author(s): Anna Jędrzychowska,Ilona Kwiecien / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Increased awareness of victims in the range of claiming and the growing value of those claims in the area of bodily injuries imply an increased risk of employer's liability for work-related accidents. This justifies the need for a more detailed analysis of the category of risk in the risk management process. In the present study, the authors analyse trends regarding the number of accidents in Poland and other countries. Against this background, data on accidents at work in Poland are classified using selected criteria.

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Péče o děti v rukou expertek: Agentury na hlídání dětí

Author(s): Adéla Souralová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

„Za každým skvělým mužem stojí dobrá žena, za každou skvělou ženou stojí dobrá chůva,“ napsala v roce 2003 Susan Cheever ve svém eseji o chůvách a jejich najímání ve Spojených státech (2003: 31). Autorka tímto postřehem vcelku trefně shrnuje současná dilemata mnohých českých rodin.

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Agentury domácích prací: Profesionálně čistá a čistě profesionální péče o „špinavou“ domácnost

Author(s): Matouš Jelínek / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Spolu s rozvojem tržního prostředí se proměňuje i přístup k úklidu v domácnosti. Nelze říci, že by se nabídka úklidu domácnosti na trhu dříve neobjevovala. Mít služebnictvo či hospodyni bylo ovšem znakem blahobytu nejvyšších vrstev (Fialová 2004), kdežto zbytek společnosti se musel o úklid postarat v rámci rodinných vazeb – z lásky a zdarma. Mít hospodyni či paní na úklid dnes už ale neznamená selhání či ostudu a ani to nutně neznačí příslušnost k nejvyšší vrstvě.

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Péče o „rozbitou“ domácnost: Zavolejte si hodinového manžela, když se Vám do toho nechce

Author(s): Stanislav Makeš / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Těchto pár vět pochází z reklamního textu jednoho hobby marketu prodávajícího veškeré předměty, které člověk potřebuje, aby se mohl pustit do díla. Koupíte zde všechno – od hřebíků přes plovoucí podlahu až po umyvadlo. Reklama hobby marketů také deklaruje, že školený personál každému ochotně – a zdarma – poradí. Hobby markety nám tedy dodají jakékoli potřebné zboží a pomohou i slovem.

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APPLICATION OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH METHOD TO SOLVE INCREASE IN UNEMPLOYMENT

Author(s): Veronika Křelinová,Jiřina Krajčová,Pavla Vanduchova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Even today, it is clear that the Czech Republic has failed to cope with effects of a financial crisis that broke out in 2011. Surely would be nice to say that this crisis is similar to that which we went through in 2008, which would be much easier as well as its subsequent solution, where it would be possible to use past experience. However, this global crisis,compared to the current one, spread from the bottom upwards.

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Resolving the consequences of work-related injuries in the conditions of the Czech Republic

Author(s): Eva Ducháčková / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Work-related injuries can have serious consequences for employees, often long-term. Currently, in the Czech Republic is the current issue of the future shape of financial instrument to deal with the consequences of work-related injuries. Insurance required by law, which is at present in connection with claims of work-related injuries isnot relevant, from an economic perspective and from the perspective of prevention of work-related injuries. Therefore, it is considered for solving two basic solutions: in clusionin social insurance or use of commercial principles (compulsory contractual insurance). The aim of this paper is to analyze the various possible solutions.

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ŠTRUKTÚRNE ZMENY V ZAMESTNANOSTI V KONTEXTE FINANČNÉHO DOPADU NA PRODUKTIVITU A ZÁROBKY

Author(s): Ján Kavec,Eva Rievajová / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

The article examines structural changes in employment noticeable at the level of earnings and productivity. It is based on data describing changes in structure of employment in EU15 and Slovak republic in period 1998-2009 (in both absolute and relative numbers). Subsequently to the time-series analysis of workers, broken down by major groups of international classification of occupations ISCO-88, describes major similarities and differences between EU15 and SR (using correlation analysis).

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Labour market participation of immigrants and challenges in Finland

Author(s): Elli Heikkila / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The Finnish population is aging, and this is becoming a serious problem in other developed countries as well. According to Population Reference Bureau (2020), Finland is among the top three countries with the oldest population in the world: first one is Japan, next Italy, and Finland already in the third position. The working-age population is decreasing, i.e. there are more 60–64 year olds exiting the labour market than 20–24 year olds entering it (Heikkilä, 2017). The “Labour 2025” report of Ministry of Labour (Työministeriö, 2007) suggests employing more elderly, unemployed and disabled persons as well as immigrants. The immigrant labour reserve consists of foreigners living in Finland, naturalised immigrants and new potential immigrants.

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Forced migrant’s sense of place: the case of Syrian refugee-workers in Istanbul, Turkey

Author(s): Basem Mahmud / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The issue of the integration of migrants has long been at the heart of public debates taking place in the societies of the Global North. Many of the refugees who move to these societies start their journey by first entering (often illegally) a neighboring country in the Global South, after which they tend to move to another country with better conditions. A good example is the case of those refugees who go to Indonesia and then to Australia or those who go to Turkey or Libya to arrive at a European country. This leads to more negotiations and collaborations among the states of the Global North and Global South. However, in these negotiations, the voices and lives of refugees are not considered; in the best cases, their rights and interests are acknowledged only “nominally”. This is because Global North states seek to stop the flow at any cost.

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Syrian refugee entrepreneurship and differentiated integration in the districts of Hatay, Turkey

Author(s): Olgu Karan / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The Syrian internal war that erupted in 2011 led millions of Syrians to leave their countries looking for refuge in Turkey. According to the figures provided by the Republic of Turkey’s Ministry of Interior Directorate General of Migration Management, the number of Syrians under temporary protection with registered biometric data was 3,639,572 as of December 16, 2020 (Mülteciler Derneği, 2020). As Turkey hosts more than 3 million Syrians, the refugee integration policies regarding access to health, education, labor market, and citizenship are under intense public debate. Syrian entrepreneurs residing in specifically near border regions and big metropolitan cities like İstanbul are also known to have set up small shops in various sectors. According to the Union of Chambers and Commodity Exchanges of Turkey, 173 corporations and 8,038 limited companies operating with Syrian financial capital are found between January 2013 and April 2019 (TOBB, 2019). Accordingly, migrant entrepreneurship has been asserted to not only be able to foster migrant’s selfreliance and integration into the host society, but also to be able to ease the social and cultural adaptation processes of migrants into their new environment (Rath & Swagerman, 2011). In this respect, analysing the dynamics, opportunities, and the difficulties within the field of migrant entrepreneurship is essential.

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Human capital development and skilled immigrants labour market experiences in South Africa: An overview

Author(s): Sikanyiso Masuku,Sizo Nkala / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Boasting a significantly bigger economy than those of its regional neighbours, South Africa has become a preferred destination for millions of both skilled and unskilled migrants from the Southern African region and beyond, especially since 1994. Voluntary, skilled immigration and its overall benefits to the destination country (increases in employment, capital accumulation and income) are not phenomena exclusive to South Africa as they have increased globally since the 1960s (Facchini & Mayda, 2012). Voluntary immigration to South Africa during the Apartheid era was, however, fraught with many challenges, as the national policies on entry, residence, temporary migration, immigration (permanent residence), and even refugee status, were all racialized and premised on immigration control. Through racialized immigration, a two-gate system under the Aliens Registration Act No 26 of 1936 (enacted in 1939) made it possible to prevent black African immigrants from entering the country, thereby limiting those that did enter to the thriving mining and agricultural sectors (Handmaker & Parsley, 2001, p. 41). Meritocracy was thus not the principal basis upon which voluntary immigrants (skilled or otherwise) were admitted into the country.

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Immigrants in skilled occupations in Brazil: Assessing the factors impacting wages

Author(s): Renan Gadoni Canaan / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

According to contemporary economic literature, the capacity of a given country to sustain steady economic growth over time is determined by its capacity to create and absorb new technologies. In turn, this capacity depends on the value of human capital (Romer, 1990; Barro & Lee, 2000). Technological innovation and absorption depend immensely on qualified workers in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) fields, which are essential for the research, development, and innovation (R&D&I) activities that foster this technological development (Boyd & Tian, 2017). Economies heavily based on STEM professionals exhibit better economic outcomes, increased innovation, and higher levels of job creation (Rothwell, 2013). Therefore, scholars, leaders, and figures in both the private and public sectors mention increasing the STEM workforce as a top priority for economic development (Landivar, 2013).

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Contractual obligation, individual autonomy, and sanction in targeting benefits for third-country nationals’ work promotion in Austria, Finland, and Czech Republic

Author(s): Eddy Bruno Esien / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Over the past century, budget deficit, fiscal constraints, and demographic necessities that confront the industrialized society have forced policy makers under intense pressure to structure welfare provision for unemployed people around targeting benefits. Several studies have revealed that targeting benefits emphasize public resources are distributed on a measure of financial need instead of universal transfers to the entire population, but the governance faces challenges in terms of equity and efficiency as the programs may not reach all intended beneficiaries (Neil, 2004; Devereux & Sebates-Wheeler, 2004; Devandas 2017; Andries, 1996; Bitran & Munoz 2000; Jill, 2001; Peck, 2003). Until now, little importance has been given to the studies in Central Eastern European (CEE), Western European, and Nordic countries explaining eligibility criteria in public assistance programs. Studies of contractual obligation, individual autonomy, and sanction-induced behavioural criteria under targeting benefits and its implication to young third-country nationals’ (TCNs) heterogeneous subgroups’ transition from welfare to work are rare and require clarification.

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Representations of The Holy Land: The Impressions of Filipinos and Indonesians of Living and Working in Saudi Arabia

Author(s): Simeon S. Magliveras,Sumanto Al Qurtuby / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Focusing on both professional and “unskilled” Filipino and Indonesian expatriate laborers in Saudi Arabia, this paper examines how these two transnational communities envisage their lives in the Kingdom. Saudi Arabia’s Filipinos and Indonesians are remarkable because (1) the groups are the largest Southeast Asian transnationals population in the Kingdom and (2) Filipinos are primarily Christian while Indonesians are generally Muslim. This paper explores the different imaginations and impressions about Saudi Arabia. Moreover, Indonesia and the Philippines share similar geographies, parallel colonial pasts, and contemporarily, use immigration as a development strategy. Saudi Arabia is a magnet for Filipinos and Indonesians because it affords them relatively high salaries, economic prosperity, political stability, and for Muslims, access to Makkah and Madinah. This paper studies (1) underlying motives of Filipinos and Indonesians in the Kingdom, and (2) their perceptions about their Saudi experience.

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Portret współczesnego migranta zarobkowego z Ukrainy w Polsce

Author(s): Daria Pierkova / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The goal of the article is to characterize economic migrants from Ukraine working in Poland and the problems they encounter during their stay. The introduction of the article is characterized in the introduction. Then, the methodological aspects of own research and the obtained results were discussed. The final fragment presents the conclusions of the research - a portrait of a labor migrant from Ukraine working in Poland. The research was conducted among 305 employees from Ukraine aged 18-65 who have experience of working in Poland. Ukrainian labor migrants have become an inseparable element of the Polish labor market. By getting to know them, we can create better conditions for their stay and employment in Poland.

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Strukturne promene, organizacijska kriza i strateška (ne)moć sindikata

Author(s): Zoran Stojiljković / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

The paper consists of three narrower units within which I try to apply three complementary methodological approaches. The first part is dedicated to the structural changes of the trade union environment, primarily to technological changes such as digitalization and robotization and their repercussions on the increasingly flexible nature of work. The framework of the analysis also includes corresponding climate changes that have a circular, green economy as their answer, as well as demographic changes and migrations and their consequences for the structure of the labour supply. The key resulting dilemma is to what extent the changes in the framework (do not) correspond to the changes in the structure and function of the trade union. The second part consists of an analysis of the union crisis, which has two dimensions: the crisis of the organization and its resources and the complementary decline of its political capital, primarily influence, trust and mobilization power. On the example of Serbia and the position of trade unions and their employees, I rely on the institutional approach, primarily on the dilemma of the extent to which reduced structural and organizational power can be compensated by concluded institutional arrangements and the logic of social dialogue and partnership. The third part is dedicated to the strategies and actors of change and the ideational approach appropriate to them relating to the values - the vision and mission of the union, as well as new alliances that can be a framework for change.

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“Why is it so difficult to capture a hyper-mobile workforce? Reflections from field research about atypical migration in Poland”

Author(s): Kamil Matuszczyk / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

While the size of migrant population in a particular country is portrayed as a ‘hard-to-survey population’, there are sectors where the very nature of the work and circumstances make it impossible to measure it (Massey 2014; Abrantes 2015), such as the household sector and agriculture. Temporariness, the need for flexibility, informality and labor intensiveness are features of this sector. Operating in the shadow economy makes it virtually impossible to estimate the number of foreign workers in these two sectors. This challenge is caused by the workers disappearing from the official registers and difficulties in empirical research. Certain daily practices make it impossible to measure how many workers work for a given employer at a time. However, explaining this methodological difficulty only with undeclared work in the informal economy is too general and impoverishes the understanding of hypermobility of workers in low-skilled labour (i.e. jobs characterised by low prestige, low salaries, ease of obtaining, lack of formal requirements for candidates' qualifications).

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Determinants for the development of supplementary pension schemes

Author(s): Patrycja Kowalczyk-Rólczyńska,Tomasz Rólczyński / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The accumulation of voluntary pension savings by households is a vital element of not only the household’s finances, but also of the social security system. Being informed of the factors which are conducive to the accumulation of capital for oldage security is not only crucial for entities offering various pension insurance contracts, but also for the state, which often supports the development of these contracts. The aim of the article is to identify and evaluate the impact of the factors determining the development of the additional forms of pension provision. In the study, correlation analysis and factor analysis were employed to assess the influence of the selected factors (economic and demographic) on the development of some of the pension insurance contracts. The study’s findings show clearly that the increasing life expectancy and the level of the household’s income are important determinants in terms of the development of voluntary pension insurance contracts.

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The Issue of Responsibility for Financial Security in Old Age and Additional Retirement Saving

Author(s): Sylwia Pieńkowska-Kamieniecka / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In connection with the lowering benefits from public pension systems responsibility for financial security in old age should become more individualized. People should take greater responsibility for future benefits and standard of living in old age. The objective of the article is to assess how perception of who should take care of financial security during old age impacts the decision regarding additional retirement saving. The article presents the data of the research conducted by the Social Insurance Institution in 2016 on a representative for the whole population of Poland sample of 1,030 people. The main conclusion which may be drawn from the research is that when individuals think that it is mainly the State's responsibility to care of retirement security, they save less for old age.

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PŘESHRANIČNÍ DOJÍŽĎKA ZA PRACÍ Z ČR DO NĚMECKA

Author(s): VÁCLAV NOVÁK / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The contribution analyzes the development of cross-border commuting to work from the Czech Republic to Germany in the context of the situation on the Czech labor market. Employment policy is one of the most important policies of the Government of the Czech Republic. It solves current problems on the Czech labor market. However, it does not reflect the issue of cross-border movement of labor force from the Czech Republic abroad. The question therefore arises whether commuting to the German border is only a marginal task. Or whether it is a escalating phenomenon with the potential to significantly threaten the labor market of the source country. For the analysis, secondary data on employment obtained according to the united methodology of Eurostat was used. It was therefore possible to compare data in a cross-border geographical area. Data from the Federal Labor Office on commuting to work do not include self-employed persons. This methodological insufficiency does not affect the results of the analysis. The volume of cross-border commuting for work from the Czech Republic to Germany has increased several times over the last decade. It is clear that it affects the situation on the regional labor markets of the Czech border regions. There is a potential for continuous dynamic development, to which the Czech employment policy should respond.

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