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VERTĖJŲ ĮDARBINAMUMAS LIETUVOJE

Author(s): Vladas Lelešius / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 9/2016

Straipsnyje tiriama vertėjų įdarbinamumo problema Lietuvoje, vertėjų kompetencijų paklausos (vertėjų darbdavių) ir pasiūlos (baigusiųjų vertimo studijas) skirtumai. Siekiant išsiaiškinti vertėjų įdarbinamumo lygį Lietuvoje, analizuojamos problemos, su kuriomis vertėjai susiduria įsidarbindami. Straipsnyje nagrinėjami labiausiai vertėjų įdarbinamumą veikiantys veiksniai. Vertinant vertėjų įdarbinamumo lygį Lietuvoje aptariami Vilniaus universiteto (VU) vertimo studijų magistrantūros programą nuo 2004 iki 2015 metų baigusių respondentų tyrimo apklausos duomenys ir atliekama šių duomenų ir vertėjų darbdavių poreikio tyrimo ataskaitos lyginamoji analizė.

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PSİKO-SOSYAL VE ÖRGÜTSEL-YÖNETSEL MOTİVASYON FAKTÖRLERİNİN İŞ TATMİNİNE ETKİSİ: HAVAYOLU SEKTÖRÜNDE BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Author(s): Mustafa Altıntaş / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 13/2020

The main purpose of this study to investigate the effects of psycho-social and organizational-managerial motivation factors on job satisfaction of airline cabin crew. The questionnaire form used in the research consists of 3 parts. In the first part of the questionnaire, there are 6 questions to determine the demographic characteristics of the employees. In the second part, 13 expressive psycho - social motivation factors scale and 8 expressive organizational-managerial motivation factors scale and in the last section, 20 expressive Minnesota job satisfaction scale was used to measure its effect on job satisfaction. Frequency distributions of the data obtained in the first stage, whether they come from normal distribution, validity, reliability and factor analyses were performed. In the second stage, independent samples t test, correlation with anova test and regression tests were carried out to determine the relationship and effect. As a result of the analyses, it was determined that social and organizational-managerial motivation factors affect job satisfaction positively but at low strength. This result confirms previous studies and showed that the strongest motivation factors are actually economic tools, while psycho-social and organizational-managerial motivation tools are less effective.

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»VSAKOMUR GLEDE NA SVOJ PRISPEVEK«? PONOVEN PREMISLEK O TEZI LOČEVANJA PRODUKTIVNOSTI OD PLAČ

Author(s): Minea Rutar / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 096-097/2021

Despite since the 1970s many economists having emphasised a concerning economic trend known as the decoupling of workers’ wages from overall economic productivity, there is still no agreement on the causes of this phenomenon. The aim of this article is thus to systematically present two supposedly alternative accounts of such decoupling: the theory of ever greater imbalance in the shares held by capital and labour in the national income and the theory of the growing wage disparity between differently qualified groups of workers. The main finding is that these two accounts in fact do not provide alternative explanations of the decoupling of wages from productivity and instead explain two different processes altogether. The political division between the proponents of each theory is therefore unproductive and might at least partly be overcome upon consideration of this finding.

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Effects of COVID-19: Redefining Work from home & Employee Engagement

Author(s): Antriksha Negi,Ravinder Pant,Nawal Kishor / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

Started in China’s Wuhan district late last year, the coronavirus outbreak has thrown several unprecedented challenges. As per the estimates of International Labour Organisation (ILO), due to COVID 19, over 25 million people are likely to lose job. As per the report published by Gallup Foundation, (Harter, 2020) remote workers percentage jumped from 31% to 62% which is likely to impact employee engagement. Employee working remotely can become “next new normal”. Gallup research survey found a strong association between remote mode of working and employee engagement. Employees having option of work from home are more likely to be engaged in comparison to the one who do not have such options available. (Webcast, 2020). An engaged employee is considered to be the best brand ambassador of any organisation. Such an employee is always willing and interested to go “an extra mile” and gives his best at work. For the purpose of the study, data from secondary sources such as e-newspaper, articles, blogs, journal articles and research papers, reports from government organisations, company reports, review articles etc. are gathered and compiled there after a critical analysis of the same is done with respective to objective of the study. During lockdown as per the detailed review undertaken, seven parameters abbreviated as “EFFECTS” were found to be the most important and relevant for employees working from home and making them engaged with the high level of motivation and dedication. These are Employee Voice,Fun Activities,Feelings of Employees,Emotional support, Compassion, Training and Development and Supervision. The study also provides scope for future researchers.

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Female Director and Agency Cost: Does board gender diversity at Indian corporate board reduce agency conflict?

Author(s): Shubhanker Yadav,Miklesh Prasad Yadav / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

We examined the presence of women directors in top-level management and their effect on principal-principal conflict (PP) and principal-agent conflict (PA) on the firms listed on Indian stock exchange using a panel model approach. For analysis purpose, this study covers the sample of 75 companies belonging to various industries and listed in Bombay Stock Exchange Index, has been studied over thirteen financial years, i.e. from year 2006 to year 2019. This study uses panel data analysis, i.e. fixed effect model and random effect model. The proportion and presence (dichotomous) of women directors on top level management board is taken as the independent variable. Principal-principal conflict measured by assets utilization ratio (AUR), and principal-agent conflict is been measured by dividend payout ratio (DPR), are taken as dependent variable in this study. The prime results of this study using panel data analysis, i.e. fixed effect (FE) and random effects (RE) estimation models point towards no significant impact of the female director (proportion and presence) on the firm’s agency cost (PP and PA).

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The Potential of Digitalisation and Social Dialogue in Ensuring Post-Pandemic Labour Market Sustainability: Priorities for Ukraine

Author(s): Olga Novikova,Oksana Pankova,Yuliia Chaliuk,Oleksandr Kasperovich / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

The article substantiates promising areas of resource mobilisation to counter the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic оn the labour market, namely, through the involvement of the potential of digital, information and communication technologies and the introduction of innovative mechanisms into the system of social dialogue in the labour field at the national level. The conceptual basis of the research is the four-pillar policy framework for tackling the socio-economic impact of the COVID-19 crisis, developed by the International Labour Organization as a basic tool to address the risks and threats of the COVID-19 pandemic for global and national labour markets. This framework was used as a cross-cutting analytical scheme to analyse Ukrainian realities and further to structure the potential of digitalisation and social dialogue for overcoming the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Ukrainian labour market and for further post-pandemic recovery. Based on the modern platform approach, the authors propose a social innovation – a 3-element model of socially responsible partnership (SRP Platform), which allows significantly updating (or even rebooting) the system of communication and interaction between the social dialogue participants in Ukraine using the potential of modern network, information and communication technologies. Implementating such a model will contribute to the renewal of the social dialogue system in Ukraine and, thus, further effective counteraction against the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, ensuring the sustainable functioning of the Ukrainian labour market, and to the formation of an effective anti-pandemic state policy. Both the conceptual basis and general mechanism for implementing the SRP platform are (to a large extent) universal and can be adapted to renew social dialogue systems not only in Ukraine but also in other post-Soviet countries with a tripartite system.

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Refleksyviosios praktikos koncepcija: jūrų lyderystės linkmė

Author(s): Saulius Lileikis / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 108/2021

The article discusses the concept of reflective practice in maritime leadership. By being a diligent student, a future maritime professional matures into a free individual, who can realize the political idea of maritime leadership by employing his/her creative abilities. The policy of comprehensive maritime studies is based on the harmony between technological, social, and humanitarian sciences. In the age of high technology, the traditional control function of maritime professionals naturally weakens, making way for the expression of their working consciousness. A culture of reflection in the context of maritime leadership responds to the need for purposeful democratization of seafarers’ relationships and expresses their values and psychological ability to respond adequately to challenges onboard. Meaningful reflective value-based motivation is the foundation of mental self-regulation in difficult situations. In terms of anthropological psychological, axiological, and andragogical praxeological development of maritime leadership, reflection on teaching and learning activities is relevant for both teachers and students, including trainees.

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Algılanan Örgüt İçi Politik Davranışların İşe Yabancılaşmaya Etkisi: Konaklama İşletmelerinde Çalışanlar Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Author(s): Rana ALÇİN TETİK,Gülay Özdemir Yilmaz / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 4/2021

The aim of the study is to evaluate whether there are political behaviors in the accommodation establishments from the point of view of employees and to determine the relation of the work with alienation. The data was collected via survey. The surveys were applied to 393 people working in accommodation establishments operating in Muğla with important touristic districtssuch as Bodrum, Marmaris, Fethiye and Datça. As a result of the study, it was found that the dimension of trying to win favor is the most perceived political behavior in accommodation organization and the least is the dimension of making concessions. It is observed that there is no significant difference between the perceptions of seasonal employees and permanent employees according to perceptions of political behaviors. This difference is not seen in other demographic characteristics of the employees, except for their educational status. It is found that the perceived political behaviors in accommodation establishments have a positive effect on work alienation.In this context, it is concluded that perceived political behavior is a factor affecting work alienation.

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LABOUR DIGITALIZATION IN EUROPE

Author(s): Persefoni Polycronidou,Vasilios Zoumpoulidis,Stavros Valsamidis / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

The purpose of this research is the study of the effects of digital transformation on employment and the possible correlation to the labour deficit; the labour deficit of the European countries and especially those of the European Union is studied. Secondary data regarding Information and Communications Technology (ICT) specialist sk`ills, employment rate and Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) are collected and analysed. Data analysis reveals that on one hand labour deficit is undeniable, however, the greatest percentage regards the lack of digital competences and on the other hand, with the rapid technological advancements and the introduction of Artificial Intelligence on the production process a new environment will be formulated both in economic and social level. This study is based on secondary data of specific indexes; in future research an empirical study will be conducted in European countries to study in dept labour digitalization, especially in the post Covid-19 era which increased the digitalization in all countries. The adoption of new legislative and prescriptive frameworks is necessary to face labour deficit. Measures are necessary to be taken both in European and national level, as well as to effectively utilize programs and initiatives that will protect the already existed workforce and will set the ground for the new employees. This can be activated mainly through training, either as new education (reskilling) or as re-education (upskilling). The originality of the current research is based on the fact that it explores the impact of the ICT Skills on employment and the dependence between ICT Skills and DESI. The value is the reveal of the structural problems of labour market in Europe and the cross-country comparison on how digitalization can help to solve the labour deficit problem in the European countries.

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WNIOSEK O ZEZWOLENIE NA ZATRUDNIENIE DZIECKA – ZGADANIENIA TEORETYCZNE I EMPIRYCZNE

Author(s): Marzena Szuba / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2020

An application for a permit allowing a child to perform work or other gainful activities is an institution enabling the lawful employment of a person under 16 years of age. This article presents an analysis of theoretical and empirical issues concerning such an application. First, the relationship of the labour inspector with the documents attached to the application is discussed as the most controversial issue related to the issue in question. Then, each element is analysed separately on the theoretical level and is compared with the data that was obtained empirically. Finally, an assessment of the regulation of the requirements that an application for a child employment permit should meet is presented.

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PRZESŁANKI WYZNACZANIA SĘDZIÓW DO SKŁADU ORZEKAJĄCEGO TRYBUNAŁU KONSTYTUCYJNEGO I KONSEKWENCJE ICH NARUSZENIA

Author(s): Michał Ziółkowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2020

The article disuses arguments against the unlimited power of the President of the Polish Constitutional Tribunal to assign and re-assign judges to Tribunal’s panels hearing particular cases. It argues that this power should be exercised in accordance with the strict and plain meaning of the statutory provisions. The President should fully respect constitutional principles of legality, judges’ impartiality as well as the efficiency of Tribunal’s work. Criticising the President’s latest practice, the article argues that the membership of the panels should be relatively invariable. The President should be allowed to change the membership in limited statutory circumstances only. Moreover, he or she should always assign judges, including the chairman of the panel and the judge-rapporteur, in alphabetical order. The President should also be absolutely bound by the order and subject-matter of cases to be heard by the Tribunal. The article discusses cases of abuses of the President’s power to assign judges to the panels. The currently binding constitution and statutes do not directly provide any remedies for such presidential abuses. They can be considered unlawful in theoretical terms only. However, these abuses do not automatically make the Tribunal’s judgement unlawful or invalid. The article provides an explanation for this duality of consequences from a theoretical and doctrinal perspective. Taking into account Article 77 of the Constitution, it also calls upon individuals to bring action for damages against unlawful abuses of the President’s power.

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Potential Migration of Educated Youth from North Macedonia: Can Brain Drain be Averted?

Author(s): Merita Zulfiu Alili,Russell King,Ilir Gëdeshi / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Using unique survey data collected from respondents attending university in North Macedonia (N=423), this paper investigates students’ decisions on intended emigration. The study is set within the regional context of high youth migration from the Western Balkans and involves comparisons with an earlier, similar study on Albania. Results for North Macedonia indicate that those more likely to leave the country are undergraduate (as opposed to postgraduate) students, those who are not planning to continue further studies and students with a family history of migration. The concluding discussion makes policy recommendations for reforming the labour market to dissuade young graduates from leaving and attract the return of those already abroad.

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Real effective exchange rate and unemployment across post-transition Europe: Evidence from wavelet coherence analysis

Author(s): Mile Bošnjak / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to examine the co-movement between the real effective exchange rate and unemployment across post-transition Europe. Methodology: The research data sample in this paper consists of monthly data from 2000M1 to 2019M6 for ten European post-transition countries. After standard correlation analysis, the research followed a wavelet coherence approach, provided time-series analysis in the time-frequency domain and illustrated evolution of the co-movements in the observed period. Results: Conventional approach research results suggest no significant correlation between variables under consideration in cases of Poland and Lithuania. In cases of Latvia and Slovenia, standard correlation coefficients were positive and not in line with the theory. Correlation coefficients supported the theoretical assumption in six other countries included in the study. Wavelet coherence analysis results provided deeper insights into the relationship over time and the frequency domain. Empirical results gained in this research revealed a decline in the unemployment rate accompanied by depreciation of the real effective exchange rate as a prominent pattern at the beginning of the observation period suggesting pro-cyclical monetary policy. Conclusion: During the crisis of 2008 no link between variables under consideration was confirmed, while after the crisis empirical results were in line with the theoretical assumption, suggesting that depreciation of the real effective exchange rate might be used as an instrument to boost employment.

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Digital Transformation of Agencies for Students` Part Time Jobs in the Republic of Croatia

Author(s): Sonja Nidogon Višnjić,Neven Vrček / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

Digital transformation (DT) of agencies for students`part time jobs in the Republic of Croatia (RC) began to be mentioned through the adoption of the Act of student activities (Act). The work of students in the Republic of Croatia is regulated by the Act [1], which provides the legal basis for the DT system of mediation in employment. The Act and the Ordinance oblige the mediator to keep all records in electronic form and define the possibility of issuing student contracts in electronic form, but up to now this form of contract has not been experienced in practice [1], [2]. The distinction between digitization and DT in part led to the fact that the electronic student contract currently implies the issuance of an online student contract, which was not signed by an advanced electronic signature. Changes in business caused by COVID-19 contributed to greater utilization of existing online contracts and pointed to inconsistencies in the work of intermediaries. The aim of this paper is to present, based on a literature review and analysis of the existing situation through the case study, the conceptual model of the DT system for mediation in employment and to test the digital maturity of the current system. The scientific contribution of the paper is in presenting a model that can be implemented in the daily practice of all students employment agencies, while the social contribution is reflected in the attempts of DT public institutions that should be used as an example to the private sector.

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Zasoby indywidualne wolontariuszy pracujących w klinikach medycznych

Author(s): Marlena Stradomska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 35/2020

This work is a summary of studies that were carried out in a group of volunteers of medical clinics. The aforementioned group appears in a few research works, which may be related to many issues, e.g. temporary, unpaid work related to the volunteer’s interests. The results of the study lead to the conclusion that volunteers are a group with a very high level of stress in the workplace. In addition, they have contact with many stressors, which can adversely affect their multidimensional functioning (family, social, professional aspects). The level of stress that may be felt by people performing a given professional activity may result from self-assessment as well as emotional intelligence. Seniority and motivation to undertake a given activity may be related to professional stress. In the studied group, people who worked as a volunteer for the longest time were characterized by a significantly higher level of stress compared to people with the shortest seniority. The respondents who declared that they would like this job they are doing now to be their target in the future have a higher level of work stress. This situation is different for people who declare that volunteering in psychiatric institutions is associated with curiosity, gaining clinical practice or the possibility of professional development.

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Motivational Background of Workaholism: A Systematic Review

Author(s): Modesta Morkevičiūtė,Auksė Endriulaitienė / Language(s): English Issue: 86/2021

There are contradictory results of previous studies concerning the effect of work motivation on workaholism. Moreover, the existing reviews did not generate a comprehensive discussion around this particular theme. Therefore, this study aims to systematically review the scientific literature on the relationship between work motivation and employees’ workaholism.

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Uprzęże w indywidualnym sprzęcie chroniącym przed upadkiem z wysokości

Author(s): Krzysztof Baszczyński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2022

An integral element of all personal fall protection systems, used both in industrial conditions and during sports and recreation, is the harness that the user of the equipment puts on. The most important tasks of the harness, depending on its type, include: supporting the human body during and after a fall arrest, enabling a supported position, supporting the user's body suspended during work with the rope access technique and preventing entry into the zone at risk of falling. The purpose of the harness is closely related to its construction. The article presents the basic structures and the materials used in them. The most important requirements for harnesses were presented and the rules for their selection depending on the conditions at the workplace, including the hazards and activities performed, were defined. The article also presents the basic principles of use, inspections and evaluation of the technical condition of the harness (with particular emphasis on the factors causing its degradation) and the conditions for its withdrawal from use. Based on the research conducted at CIOP-PIB, the problem of threats to humans in a suspended state in harness was presented.

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Ocena narażenia zawodowego na frakcję respirabilną krzemionki krystalicznej powstającą w trakcie pracy

Author(s): Małgorzata Pośniak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

Among the forms of crystalline silica (silicon dioxide minerals) that are most common in the natural and work environments are quartz and cristobalite. They are used in various industries, including in the ceramics, glass and construction industries and pose a serious health risk to workers. The respirable of crystalline silica (RCS), which penetrates into the gas exchange area of the lungs causes chronic inflammatory reactions, followed by fibrotic changes in the lung tissue and, as a result, silicosis pneumoconiosis, often leading to lung cancer. Both employers and health and safety managers have great difficulties with the interpretation and application of legal provisions concerning the measurement of RCS concentrations (for the purpose of occupational exposure assessment) and the classification of work involving exposure to respirable dust generated during technological processes. The information in this article should help you resolve these issues.

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Housing Policy for Low-Income Communities in Indonesia and Its Reforms: An Overview

Author(s): Ahmad Sururi,Budiman Rusli,Ida Widianingsih,Slamet Usman Ismanto / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

This article aims at discussing the New Public Management (NPM) approach that has been implemented in housing policies for low-income communities (MBR) in Indonesia and specifically describes how the NPM approach has diametrical relevance to the post-NPM approach. This research method uses a review approach. The data collection technique is through searching various sources and literature, both from NPM theories, regulations and historical documents on housing policy in Indonesia. Data analysis used in this study uses several stages, i.e., first a brief description of the history of Indonesia’s housing policy during the Old Order, New Order s provided; the second stage focuses on the new order or reform era and explains how the housing approach for MBR in Indonesia has adopted the NPM policy, and the final section presents the direction of the housing policy reform in Indonesia based on the post-NPM paradigm. The result of the study indicates that the NPM approach in the context of housing policy for low-income communities (MBR) in Indonesia has not been fully able to overcome housing problems for low-income communities (MBR) and in principle the NPM approach requires socio-cultural, economic and political adaptation of Indonesia. The main point of this article is to encourage the realisation of an ideal housing policy for low-income communities (MBR) in the future through the application of a post-NPM approach as a correction and evaluation instrument while at the same time encouraging the housing policy reform for low-income communities (MBR) in Indonesia.

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“If Things Really Go On as They Are at the Moment, Then I Will Work Illegally. End of Story.” Pandemic Realities in Marginalized Entrepreneurships

Author(s): Markus Tümpel,Pia Cardone / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Micro-enterprises and self-employed individuals have been hit particularly hard by the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, but few studies have tackled the issue. This paper is based on four in-depth case studies of self-employed people from different sectors who have been greatly affected by measures taken to control the pandemic. By capturing shifts in the perception of institutional and economic pressures, as well as precarity after the outbreak of COVID-19, we gained profound insight into crisis management among entrepreneurs working in niche or marginalized fields of business. We found parallels in their biographies and attitudes, but their perceptions of the COVID-19 pandemic differ. We observed paradoxes and hybrid logic, as well as different ways of coping with the crisis. Having a “plan B” helped in some cases, while all of them benefitted from the solidarity of networks and communities.

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