Doprinosi islamskih učenjaka naučnom poduhvatu u srednjem vijeku

Author(s): Maksuda Muratović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 59/2014

This article presents the contribution of Muslim scholars in development of science in Medieval age. It is considered that Muslims have not been only guardians of ancient Greek science, but have also made original contributions in all the fields of science and scholarship. Inspired by the Islamic outlook of nature and the Qur’anic instruction to “explore the nature with a tendency to come closer to God” the Islamic science and scholarship flourished. This knowledge was transferred to Eastern Europe thus playing an important role in revitalizing the learning climate and bringing scientific research methods to Europe leading it to Renesans in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.

Polityka głosu

Author(s): Mladen Dolar / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2015

For Dolar, voice represents the primordial or animal aspect of the human being, zōē, or naked life. Speech, meanwhile, is understood as voice endowed with meaning. Considering the problem of voice, Dolar argues that zōē rubs against bios, i.e. political and social life. Zōē manifests itself in many areas of life; the primordial voice appears in contexts such as justice, education or religion. It also represents an integral attribute of rulers and dictators, who use their voice to create laws, or who enforce those laws into life. Voice is indispensable for logos and the written word. Therefore it is inexorably linked with social life; it exists between naked life and social life, between sound and speech.

LIBERALI ERUDITIONE И АРИСТОТЕЛЕВСКОЕ НАСЛЕДИЕ: ПРОЕКТЫ РЕФОРМЫ Ф. МЕЛАНХТОНА В ВИТТЕНБЕРГСКОМ УНИВЕРСИТЕТЕ

Author(s): Petr Nikolaevich Kotliarov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2015

The German Reformation raised many questions in all spheres of the public life, including university traditions and practices. In years before the Reformation, Martin Luther had challenged the necessity of teaching of some Aristotle’s works in universities. The humanist Philip Melanchthon (1497–1560), the closest friend and follower of Martin Luther, at the very beginning supported “the expulsion” of Aristotle from universities. However, his attitude towards Aristotle underwent a noticeable evolution by the late 1520s, which led him to the program for returning of the ancient philosopher’s works to German universities. The paper is focused mainly on Melanchthon’s oration entitled “De philosophia” (1536) setting forth the humanist’s views on the Aristotelian heritage. We analyze different meanings of the concept of “liberali eruditione” (liberal erudition), which was understood by Melanchthon as a synthesis of ancient erudition and new religiosity.

СОЛНЕЧНЫЕ И ЛУННЫЕ ГАЛО В САКРАЛЬНОЙ КАРТИНЕ МИРА ВОСТОЧНЫХ СЛАВЯН XI – XIII ВВ.

Author(s): Daniil Viktorovich Puzanov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2015

The paper reconstructs the place and role of solar and lunar optical phenomena in the sacral picture of the universe by the Eastern Slavic society during the pre-Mongol period. The written and folk interpretation of halo traditions, solar and lunar shine is analyzed. The views on atmospheric diffraction phenomena as weather signs and omens of political changes are also investigated. The people of Old Rus’ believed that simple halos defined weather changes. At the same time, complex halos predicted victory or political crises and signified holiness of the deceased person. The common mind connected the sacred solar and lunar halos with the figure of prince and (in the Christian era) saint pretenders. The folklore also associated the phenomenon of halo with the special solar and lunar sacred activities. The literary presentations of complex halos could reflect the biblical semantics of light and glow as heavenly fire and evidence of the glory of God.

Дехуманизация и антихуманизъм в съвременната култура

Author(s): Momchil Shivachev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2014

Human – this is the most complicated and unique creation of the immense universe! In one way or another, Homo sapiens has always been a main topic of the various scientific branches, even not only of the humanitarian ones. In attempts to study itself, humanity has always, in each separate era, shaped its original and specific cultural horizon. During the Renaissance ages, writers, poets, artists, musicians and creators as a whole, viewed and perceived the perfect human as a ”wreath of nature”. But unfortunately today this “pedestal” has been brutally destroyed. We can blame this kind of negative state mostly on the American type of culture which is very widely spread and copied by the rest of the nations. In this sense, the cultural messages of the USA have long been provoking humanity’s value consciousness and also suggesting a large number of dehumanization and anti-humanism examples. In this way, the above specified negative issues could be summarized in at least five cultural trends:

Еристиката и общите социално-етически ценности на човечеството

Author(s): Elitsa Stoyanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2012

The text examines ethical and legal issues eristikata. Freedom, rights, responsibility, social communication, social network. Eristikata autistic. Eristikata as polemical practice. legal and political eristika.

KOMPLETNO IZDANJE KNJIGA XXV. BROJ 1., 1932

Author(s): Milan Ćurčin,Ivo Belin,J. Zubović,Rajko Gjermanović,Ivan. F. Lupis-Vukić,Vasa Srdić,Slavko Kiršner,Jevgen Jelačić,Šćepan Grdjić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 01/1932

Некласическа наука. Наука и псевдонаука

Author(s): Stefan Dimitrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

Clashes of temporality in AI and artistic creativity

Author(s): Nevena Ivanova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Art creates a specific relation to time and especially to the present moment. It opens the experience of the present towards its indeterminacy and emergence. On the contrary, AI does not know the present. It recognizes only the past and future. We could even say that artificial neural networks do not “know” time at all. Instead, they know only logical functions which process patterns of information. Yet, what makes time “time” is genuine transformation, which happens outside of the abstract realm of logic. I support these observations by analysing two works of art: Bill Viola’s The Raft (2004) and Hito Steyerl’s This Is the Future (2019). While artistic creation opens up the intervals “in-between seconds” for an unpredictable and transformative event to occur (The Raft), AI closes these intervals and fastens the future into predictability calculated on the basis of past data (This Is the Future). Although this machinic operation makes the present even more unpredictable and prone to catastrophes, its potential for transformation seems to be withdrawn.

Creativity through autonomy: The real challenge of the computer art today

Author(s): Nikoleta Kerinska / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

This paper questions the notion of creativity found in certain artworks produced with A.I. technologies. The artistic examples concerned are: The Giver of names by David Rokeby, Oscar by Catherine Ikam and Louis Fléri, and Emotion Vending Machine by Maurice Benayoun. These artworks were selected because they stand out for their autonomous behavior in front of the human public. In this context, creativity is revealed as a consequence of the functional autonomy, which is very typical of these pieces of art. The intention is to establish a relationship between the notion of autonomy and that of creativity, reviewing their meanings and applications in philosophy and in the field of life science. For this, the notion of autonomy is approached from Kant’s definition as a decisive value indicating the moral principle that defines the individual and his free conduct, and then approached as a property of life from Francisco Varela and Humberto Maturana’s research. Autonomy is also a tendency that characterizes a general process of technical lineages according to Chapoutier and Kaplan. In all these studies, autonomy presents complementary meanings that help us to draw parallels with the notion of creativity. The analyzed artworks allow us to visualize some ways of simulating creativity, while offering unique aesthetic experiences. From a broader perspective, this paper promotes the vision that some computer artworks open up as multi-sensory and multi-conceptual universes, projecting original ideas, and making us feel the very human substance of these technologies. Interacting with these artworks, we are placed at the heart of the aesthetic metamorphosis provoked by the phenomenon of the computer revolution.

Artificial intelligence: Three philosophical interpretations of the anthropocentric frame of reference

Author(s): Hristina Ambareva / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The author discusses the problem of what AI is and how we can understand the “anthropocentrism” of AI from a philosophical point of view. Three interpretations of the relationship between humans and technology are presented: 1) AI-aided human intelligence, based on the extension theory of technology (Stiegler, 1998); 2) human-aided AI intelligence, based on ideas related to political economy (Crawford, 2021); and 3) the relativity of the anthropocentric frame of reference (AFR), based on the taxonomy of species. The purpose of the article is to provide considerations of the three different interpretations of the relation-ship between humans and technology and how they lead to different opportunities to answer the question of how we can understand AI’s creativity.

POSTMODERNISM- THE PARADOX OF THE FUTURE

Author(s): Roxana Silvia Moraru / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 24/2021

Jean François Lyotard applies a new methodological approach to the expressions of postmodern thinking via a palpable binder of experience. The love for both knowledge and wisdom will plunge readers into a universe where writers and philosophers will be reborn by harnessing diverse artistic horizons. Interpretative innovation will gradually reveal itself, familiarizing ourselves with a modern Plato or a postmodern Aristotle. To put it in other words, Jean François Lyotard conducts a comparative analysis between the visions and concepts of ancient philosophers and the characteristics of postmodernist society. The father of postmodernism builds bridges among philosophy, spirit, education, childhood and the capacity of self-taught experienced by both teachers and reformers. He proves to be a subtle observer of the human being, whom he encourages to attain higher goals, that encompass both spiritual and cognitive growth during a literary journey that cherishes the most important role of children, that of philosopher. Would adults and philosophers be able to preserve their inner child defined by desire for knowledge, playful spirit and emotional candor?

Диалектиката на „хипер“. От модернизъм към постмодернизъм

Author(s): Michael Epstein / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 29/2022

The text is an attempt to analyze „the modernist premises of postmodernism in light of postmodern perspectives on modernism” or, put more simply, the interdependence of these two historical phenomena. The argument focuses on a variety of modernist approaches: in physics (quantum mechanics), in literary theory (new criticism), in philosophy (existentialism), across psychoanalytic theories and practices (sexual revolution), and across Soviet social and intellectual trends, such as “collectivism” and “materialism.” All these trends manifest the phenomenon of “hyper” in its first stage, which is constituted by the revolutionary overthrow of the “classic” paradigm and an assertion of a “true, essential reality,” or “superreality.” In the second stage, the same phenomena are realized and exposed as “pseudo-realities” thus marking the transformation of “hyper” itself, its inevitable transition from the modernist to the postmodernist stage, from “super” to “pseudo.” The author argues that the development of the twentieth-century cultural paradigm depends on a necessary connection between these two stages of the “super” and the “pseudo.” The concept of “hyper” highlights not only the lines of continuity between modernism and postmodernism, but also the parallel developments in Russian and Western postmodernisms as reactions to and revisions of a common “revolutionary” legacy.

Политическата памет

Author(s): Paul Ricoeur / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/1998

Listy Gottloba Fregego. Uwagi o polskim wydaniu [rec. Gottlob Frege: „Korespondencja naukowa”]

Author(s): Krystian Bogucki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 48/2022

The present article reviews the Polish-language edition of Gottlob Frege’s scientific correspondence. In the article, I discuss the material hitherto unpublished in Polish in relation to the remainder of Frege’s works. First of all, I inquire into the role and nature of definitions. Then, I consider Frege’s recognition criteria for sameness of thoughts. In the article’s third part, I study letters devoted to the principle of semantic compositionality, while in the fourth part I discuss Frege’s remarks concerning the context principle.

Изгубената памет, изгубеното по пътя: антихуманистичният скептицизъм в романа „Везни“ на Павел Вежинов

Author(s): Plamen Antov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2023

The article examines the last novel of Pavel Vezhinov–Libra (1982), which in a narrower sense also culminates the last, clearly separated period/section in the writer’s work–the philosophical-scientific one (after the novel The Barrier, 1976). Here, the novel’s fiction masks in a highly stripped-down fashion a central scientific theory, both civilizational and biological–of human evolution as devolution. Part of a larger study, the article discusses the P. Vezhinov’s radical anti-humanist criticism in the broad context of late modern philosophical skepticism (Heidegger, Deep Ecology) and its autochthonous reflections in Bulgarian literature during the second half of the twentieth century.

Snježana Paušek-Baždar: Dubrovački prirodoslovci u vrhu povijesti znanosti (od 15. do 19. stoljeća)

Author(s): Željka Metesi Deronjić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 04/168/2022

Review of: Snježana Paušek-Baždar: Dubrovački prirodoslovci u vrhu povijesti znanosti (od 15. do 19. stoljeća), Ogranak Matice hrvatske u Dubrovniku, Dubrovnik 2020.

Wiedza boska a wiedza ludzka. Boska synestezja w filozofii Ksenofanesa z Kolofonu

Author(s): Sebastian Śpiewak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 49/2023

The aim of the present article is to analyze the poetry of Xenophanes of Colophon concerning his epistemological considerations with the notion of god proposed by him. Traditionally, Xenophanes is well known as a philosopher engaged in the debate on the meaningfulness of mythological ideas. At the same time, he advocates the concept of god, which is different from pictures transmitted through The Greek epic. It shall be shown how the theological approach of the Colophonian finds its justification in his remarks on cognitive abilities, especially in creatively used opposition between human and divine knowledge. Recently indicated, the connection between Xenophanes’ theology and his epistemological theses is not exhausted in the critique of religious anthropomorphism but is more profound, and based on the awareness of the impossibility of clear knowledge (saphes) for a human being. The latter is, however attributed to god alone, who gains the knowledge in the manner of synesthesia.

Gesamtkunstwerk i multimedija – između auratskog i tehničkog

Author(s): Livia Pavletić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 25/2024

The idea of the text is to question the similarities and differences between the concepts of gesamtkunstwerk and multimedia. These are terms that presuppose the search for a new form of unification of artistic forms, at different times and in different ways. The key thinker (and artist) of gesamtkuntwerk or that orientation is the composer Richard Wagner. The theoretician who was at the crossroads of the worlds of traditional art and the contemporary technical sphere was Walter Benjamin. He begins a new line of writing about art, which is supported by theorists such as Marshall MacLuhan, Vilem Flusser, Friedrich Kittler, Jean Baudrillard, Dona Harway, Lev Manovich and Maurizio Lazarato. The text will present the idea of gesamtkunstwerk and compare it with some of the views of theorists who accepted or rejected this idea.

Philosophy of Medicine

Author(s): Julia Vasseva-Dikova / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024