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The Divine Logos and possible Worlds

Author(s): Walter Gomide / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

In this paper I intend to show an attempt to translaeted into mathematics, especially into set theory and infinitary epistemic logic, the notion of “Divine Logos”. From this translation, what is intended is to present the notion of metaphysical causality as strictly analogous to the epistemic implication and, with this, it attempts to provide a logical (and metaphysics) path that begins with Divine logos and terminates in the notion of the possible world. In this percourse, I am always pressuposing that God, by means of His “Divine Logos”, knows every step of His creation, and this fact is explictly express by means of the last formula of this paper, namely, the expression. nr. 17. The inspiration for this construction comes from Leibniz's metaphysics and the theory of transfinite numbers of Georg Cantor,a German mathematician who is the founder of Theory of Sets.

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Концепція подвійності у структурі міфологем і у символічній, релігійній філософії

Author(s): Valentina Vasilyevna Petryk / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 29/2012

The article is devoted the concept of the art organics binary structures, defined the archaic sources of creativity. Which is implemented in the form of metaphorical associations in the artistic element of at least a pair of images.

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Din Eğitiminde Felsefi Temellendirme Problemi Ve Ortaya Çikardiği Sorunlar Üzerine Bazi Değerlendirmeler

Author(s): Yusuf Ceylan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 03/2017

In this article, the need of finding a philosophical foundation for a religious education and teaching in our country and problems originating from the disability to fulfill these needs efficiently have been evaluated. In this framework, the methodological issues risen from the lack of a philosophical perspective in religious education, the terminological problems and their practical and theoretical reflections have been examined.

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DURKHEİM SOSYOLOJİSİNDE AHLAK VE YANSIMALARI

Author(s): Fatih Becer / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 12/2017

Morality is the spiritual dynamic that is necessary for the continuity of the societies' existence, The source that feeds the morality is the truth of religion. The form of belief and lifestyle of the society constitute its cultural structure. Although the socio-cultural structure differs, the continuation of the community is possible on the basic moral rules. Each deviation in the moral structure do not give serenity to individuals and community. Regardless of the developing and changing face of time, the society must be built on accepted basic moral rules so that social peace and happiness can continue.Durkheim's research has focused on the concept of social phenomena. He emphasized that the rules and bases are a tool for the social peace. He said that this phenomenon develops with time and changes, which is also ordinary. He inspected that the purpose of fundamental dynamics such as equality, justice and law is inevitable facts in order to provide social peace and collective consciousness of the society, as well. In this article, Durkheim's religious and ethical conclusions and social reflections, which have carried out in their works in a broad perspective, will be tried to be analyzed.

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Overriding Immanence

Author(s): William C. Woody / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

Phenomenologists have given considerable attention to questions of human embodiment and the experience of being enmeshed within the immanent world, most notably in the thought of Merleau-Ponty. This focus on incarnation has, in turn, heavily influenced contemporary philosophy of religion and post-theological turn phenomenology. Yet when speaking of the human experience of embodiment, philosophers run the risk of adopting a normative perspective that universalizes a particular type of human body while excluding or marginalizing different forms as deviant, defective, or deficient. This paper considers numerous critiques against the perceived normativity in Merleau-Ponty’s account of embodiment in the Phenomenology of Perception (feminist, gender studies, post-colonial critiques) before positing disability studies as an even more radical – and privileged – means to dispense with phenomenological normativity. In doing so, this paper attempts to open a space for multiple phenomenological perspectives for experiencing the world as a body, yet without lapsing into an entirely relativistic individualism that precludes phenomenology from making meaningful claims about the experience of human embodiment as such.

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Transcendance et corps

Author(s): Francesco Valerio Tommasi / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2018

An apparently paradoxical tendency in contemporary Philosophy of Religion consists in no longer seeking transcendence starting with invisible and immaterial elements, such as the soul, the spirit, or God known to reason. Instead a bridge between philosophy and theology has been singled out in the body. But how can one reach an idea of transcendence starting from the body? In these short reflections, I will try to show how finitude and immanence are the phenomenological meaning of the body. Consciousness itself is finite because it is embodied. So it is not possible to transcend the body. It is only possible to decide how to live out one’s finitude: The body can be oriented to the consumption of the other, by periodic attempts to prolong one’s own life and power. Or, on the contrary, it is possible to let the others eat and consume me. Only others, indeed, can survive me and transcend my finitude.

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Another World… Inside This One

Author(s): Brian Treanor / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

Continental philosophy has long been concerned with the question of transcendence, a fact attributable in part to the historical significance of phenomenology and the legacy of debates surrounding transcendental idealism, the epoche, the status of the world and of other people, and, at least for some philosophers, the question of God. The question takes different forms in Husserl, Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty, Sartre, Levinas, Derrida, Marion, and others working in this tradition, but it remains an abiding concern for each of them. Over time the persistence of this issue has formed a body of work that constitutes a kind of center of gravity—one among several—that characterizes continental thinking.

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Between Transcendence and Immanence

Author(s): Adam Wells / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

The trajectory of Edmund Husserl’s thought on “phantasy” points toward a de-emphasis of both perception and presence as tools for understanding the imagination. I will argue, however, that Husserl’s treatment of “phantasy” is ultimately deficient inasmuch as it focuses on the epistemological function of the imagination, while neglecting its ontological significance. As a corrective, I will develop an ontological concept of imagination by drawing on the work of the 12thcentury Sufi philosopher, Ibn al-‘Arabi. It will be shown that the imagination is a constitutive feature of both the world (as the horizon of possibility) and all knowledge of the world (as an intentional relationship); it is both ontologically and epistemologically essential.

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Une lecture phénoménologique des dialogues interreligieux

Author(s): Markus Kneer / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2018

What can literary interfaith dialogues teach us about real interfaith dialogue? Some would say: Nothing, they are only texts and they omit central elements of a real dialogue like the corporal presence of the speakers, their gestures and facial expressions, the orality of the discourses, the inter-subjectivity. Even if this argument is to a certain extent justifiable, it would be interesting to try another kind of reading of the texts, a phenomenological reading which tries to let appear the persons in dialogue, and perhaps even more: the appearance of the divine reality beyond the human concepts which are used in the controversy and bound to a certain theological system. By this phenomenological reading the reader himself becomes involved in the dialogue and bears a responsibility for his development.

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VIII- XIII. Yüzyıllar Arası İslam Felsefesi’nde Müziğe Genel Bakış: El-Kindi, Farabi, İbn Sina

Author(s): Nesrin Akan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 6/2015

The period of covering between VIII - XIII. century called "Translation Movement" is a very effective process in terms of both music and philosophy at the stage of formation and development of Islamic philosophy. This process of spreading Islam, have brought about a result of the discovery of new cultures. By Translation Movement, thanks to the discovery of a new culture, a sense of them, however, took place through recognition through their work. The purpose of this article is to assess el-Kindi, Farabi and İbn-i Sina who are both philosophers and both the music theorist, providing an overview with translated operates’s impact, in time at philosophy and in particular music that set out the works.

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ФЛОБЕРОВ БОГ

Author(s): Vesna Elez / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2013

Religion is one of Flaubert’s favourite topics. We have tried to examine his own attitude towards religion and, more importantly, towards faith itself and his own faith, relying on his Correspondence. His letters give us the insight which only a lucid reader could derive from his works, due to his aesthetic presuppositions and his famous impas- sibilite. Although some of Flaubert’s arguments may seem contradictory, his deep appre- ciaton of religious feeling can be easily recognized. Flaubert’s fierce critical attitude stems from his strong disapproval of all dogmatic discourse and of clerical ignorance. Furthermore, his scepticism proves the necessity of facing contemporary intellectual and spiritual challenges which the Church of his time would rather ignore.

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The importance and role of virtues in the spiritual development of α person

Author(s): Constantin Valentin Bugiulescu / Language(s): English Issue: 08/2018

Virtues are the first to contribute to the deeper definition of the soul that is why the acquisition of virtues is a continuous and steady training to imitate the life of obedience and the sacrifice of Christ's love for its fellowmen. Acquiring virtues is a precondition for man to open up his ability to love. All virtues lead the mind to the pursuit of divine love, which is, in fact, an embodiment of the divinity that is secretly lowered into the nature of man. It is the virtue that gives man the constant disposition to do the good. This virtuous disposition of man is mysteriously hidden by God in the depth of the soul. It is revealed through body in the process of doing. If the soul lacked the flesh, it would only have a virtuous mood or enjoy the virtues of virtue itself. That is why, it is by the flesh that the manifestation of these goods of virtues towards all the others is done. From this point of view, the social character of virtues is observed.

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The Catechism of Destruction: Sergei Nechaev and the spirit of Nihilism

Author(s): Georgios KARAKASIS / Language(s): English Issue: 08/2018

In this article our aim is to attempt a philosophical interpretation of the phenomenon of political nihilism the way the latter is developed in the life and thought of the Russian anarchist Sergei Nechaev. Taking a deeper look at his pamphlet Catechism of a Revolutionary and aided by the profound analysis of the anarchist’s thought made by Fyodor Dostoevsky, we will try to show how nihilism may break every possible bond between the individual and the society opening,thus, the path for the possible appearance of more Nechaevs and Nechaevists in the modern world.

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Man as religious, rationale, free and conscious being

Author(s): Marin Bugiulescu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

This study presents the philosophical and humanistic outlook and the Christian thinking about human nature, and in this perspective the man is a rational, conscious and free being, he is in permanent dialogue with God, the Creator of the world. At the heart of rational thinking has always been the man seen as a religious, rational, free and conscious being. As a clarification of evolutionary thinking, Christianity speaks of evolution within the species, and not from one species to another. God is a pretended, impersonal existence, or a principle of the world for philosophy and scientific theories, and even for other religions. Unlike these, the Christianity, as revealed religion, originates from the reality that God exists and because He has truly been revealed to man in the context of time and creation. The key concepts specific to the Christian religion are: God the Holy Trinity, the creator of the world and man appeared from nothing (ex nihilo), man bears the icon of God and is destined for holiness. Based on these realities, no other being in the universe, known or unknown, was, is or will ever be of a greater importance than man, because there is no other being created with the icon of God, for the fulfillment of which God assumed the human nature, saving and sanctifying it through Christ

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Ancient Mediterranean Roots of Perspectives on Human Rights

Author(s): Leo D. Lefebure / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2017

ICESCR and Centesimus Annus are heirs to a long tradition of reflection on justice and the universe. Amid the debates over the theoretical basis for human rights, it is important to recall the value of justice in ancient Mediterranean wisdom traditions that provided the roots for later perspectives. In ancient Egypt, Israel, and Greece, thinkers from a variety of vantage points affirmed a moral order of justice in the universe, which offered a basis for recognizing human dignity and for rebuking human rulers who abused their power. Early Christian reflections on the identity of the Holy Trinity and Jesus Christ played a decisive role in transforming the understanding of the human person, paving the way for later developments.

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Ateistyczna imitacja religii?

Author(s): Andrzej Draguła / Language(s): Polish Issue: 672/2018

„Bóg może być martwy, ale pilne problemy, które zmusiły nas do wymyślenia Go, wciąż istnieją i domagają się rozwiązań” – pisze Alain de Botton. Czytelnik jego książki ma pozostać zaangażowanym ateistą, a jednocześnie winien uznać religię za przynajmniej sporadycznie użyteczną.

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Môže byť filozofia kresťanská?

Author(s): Štefan Šrobár / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2018

Searching for the most universal background of philosophy, we can reach the conclusion, that integral life is this background. Therefore authentic and true philosophy is integral – life philosophy, or life philosophy, including rational, outside rational and above rational sphere. Certain characteristics or categories of integral life, so called existential, result from life experiences. Those are integral – life faith, hope and love. Areas of the highest transcendence of life are usually hidden for a man and are voiced as a secret. The demonstration of life philosophy, in which this philosophy tries to grasp, know and understand the secret of transcendence and in particular the highest transcendence of life, its revelation as well as its contents and truth of this revelation is called religious philosophy. The philosophy that is discovered in the centre of secret of integral life of the Christ and thus by this discovery is principally co-determined, it is Christian philosophy. It reaches the conclusion that every true philosophic thinking is at least implicitly Christian. Christian philosophy is above all the philosophy of Good´s revelation in Christ, the philosophy of love and in final result of Good´s word. And the Christian philosophy presumes authentic religious (Jewish in particular) and integral – life philosophy. Biblical contribution is not positioned against Greek philosophy as "faith" against rational thinking, but as a system of thinking with radically different structure. Christian philosophy exists legitimately, but always only as integral part of philosophy. It needs to be considered as demonstration of culminating effort of philosophy. Christian philosophy creates systematic connection between the philosophy and theology.

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Dialog biologa-buddysty z filozofem-ateistą o świadomości i reinkarnacji

Author(s): Jacek Sieradzan / Language(s): Polish Issue: XXIX/2017

The article describes key topics of discourse between a philosopher and an atheist Jean-François Revel and his son, Matthieu Ricard, a biologist and a Buddhist monk. It concerns similarities and differences between empirical science, philosophy and religion, mostly Tibetan Buddhism. They discussed status of consciousness and possibility of rebirth (reincarnation). The result of it was that both Revel and Ricard kept their positions. Ricard could not persuade Revel to his arguments, which his father regarded as propositions of faith.

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Naturalistyczne podstawy teorii mitu Ericha Fromma

Author(s): Andrzej Korczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: XXIX/2017

The article aims to demonstrate the naturalistic tendencies of Erich Fromm’s research that are apparent in his interpretations of the fragments of the Old Testament relating to the Sabbath and describing the fall of Adam and Eve. Erich Fromm finds a natural ally for his naturalistic tendencies in Zen Buddhism. In Fromm’s thought both naturalism and Zen Buddhism interpreted naturalistically join with Jacob Bachofen’s theory of matriarchate.

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Čovek, društvo i država: hrišćanska i marksistička perspektiva

Author(s): Milan Damjanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 01+02/1988

The trias: man — society — state belongs to and is stiled in the historical world of man interpreted in the present essay, firstly, from the Christian theological viewpoint and then from the marxist anthropological viewpoint in order to show their formal congruent ideas and also their apparently different positions. The world of man is of course not to be necessarly interpreted in an anthropological sense, but the copositum: man — society — state is only possible as a structure of the world of man: the point of departure is man, and the state is formal speaking the organisation of the human society, but the supposition is asways the being-in-the-world. The text was presented at the conference: »The Common Heritage and Future of Europe« in Dubrovnik 1987, sponsored by Professors World Peace Academy.

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