Jesuit philosophy of contemplative education

Author(s): Wit Pasierbek SJ / Language(s): English Issue: 33/2016

Research objective: The purpose of this article is to present the Jesuit philosophy of contemplative education as an educational system compatible with the American philosophy of contemplative education and to aim at the emergence out of the latter of the vision of a man integrally formed as “men and women for others” including the transcendent / religious dimension of life. The research problem and methods: The presented research problem concerns the question of whether the system of the proposed philosophy of contemplative education allows to educate and to form a human who is integral and coherent in spiritual and physical unity in the religious optics. There has been applied the method of critical and comparative analysis as well as the analysis of the reference literature. The process of argumentation: After having initially defined the aim of the study and the fundamental concepts (philosophy of contemplative education) there has been presented the history and the main assumptions of the philosophy of contemplative education from the USA (1974). Then, there has been presented the history of Ignatian spirituality (contemplativus in actione) as a source for the Jesuit philosophy of contemplative education. The essential part of the argumentation was to present the philosophy of the process of forming the student (Ratio Studiorum and the contemporary documents) based on the specific five stages. Research results: The result of this argumentation is a concrete and integral vision of a contemplative man in action who is open “for and to others”. Conclusions, innovations and recommendations: This analysis confirmed the compatibility of the American and the Jesuit philosophy of contemplative education as a system that should be included in the educational programs and processes of an integral human being as a being of spiritual and bodily unity based on a contemplative reflection and action.

Psychotherapy and emancipation

Author(s): Paweł Dybel / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

In the article I ask the question about the place of an emancipatory task within various forms of psychotherapy and psychoanalysis, where conversations with the patient play an important role. This task arises on discovering that an important source of the patient’s problems are views inherited from cultural traditions, ones which inhibit a proper assessment of various traumatic situations from the past and the forms of dependence on others. Then psychotherapists and psychoanalysts are inevitably faced with the task of making the patient aware of these limitations and forms of dependence, for only then is therapeutic progress possible. I provide three characteristic examples of similar cases from Polish psychiatric tradition, in which we can speak of a similarly binding role of cultural tradition in the process of therapy. I point out that the difficult situation the therapist then finds themselves in lies in the fact that, on the one hand, they have to depart from the postulate of maintaining world-view neutrality in their approach to the patient while, on the other hand, they cannot directly impose their own position on the patient. The therapist has to find a third, middle way between these two attitudes, one which requires great sensitivity in any approaches to the patient.

Małgorzata Przanowska, Listening and acuological education

Author(s): Urszula Zbrzeźniak / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

The review of: Małgorzata Przanowska, Listening and acuological education; Warszawa: Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, 2019, 306 pp. ISBN 978–83–235–3735–9, softcover

Transgression of the Self—the Total Act in Jerzy Grotowski’s Laboratory Theatre and Jungian Archetype Experience

Author(s): Patrycja Neumann / Language(s): English Issue: 62/2023

This article will be devoted to one of Jerzy Grotowski’s most important discoveries, the total act, a specific kind of action and experience. It was created as part of theatrical practice, but apart from the function related to the dramaturgy of performances, it had a higher purpose, associated with the search for the essence of humanity and sources of the experience of reality. Jerzy Grotowski sought to transform actors and observers, open them to what is authentic, alive and present. This achievement was a kind of experience in which the sacrum and the profanum are overcome. The total act allowed a person “to become watched” and, paradoxically, allowed them to participate in the duality of passive action, in which a person becomes an observer and agent at the same time. My goal is to describe the role of the principle of coexistence of opposites in the work of J. Grotowski. I am describing the total act as an opportunity to reach an experience of reality in which the mind and the body merge with each other. Humankind as a psychophysical unity precedes all differences in this experience, he or she is able to reach the very center of their own self, that which Jung called Selbst. According to J. Grotowski, this state is possible when the influence of myths and collective ideas is overcome.

Използване на цитата в историята

Author(s): Heinz Wismann / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2004

Сегашно и сегашност

Author(s): Franois Hartog / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2004

Изместени памети, кръстосани памети: френско-немски преплитания в конструирането на някои места на памет

Author(s): Michael Werner / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2004

От Съпротивата към съпротивите: „понятието за съпротива" според френските историци

Author(s): Alya Aglan / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2004

THE CONCEPTS OF GOOD AND EVIL IN THE VIEW OF PHILOSOPHERS

Author(s): Daniela Ispas (Petcu) / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 28/2022

Philosophers have been concerned with the general ideas of good and evil since ancient times and these concepts still arouse interest. The values promoted by morality fall within the category of the good. The notion of good can be particularized in virtue, justice. Evil has been opposed to good. It has been stated that evil has no substance, it has no autonomous entity. The reasons that urge someone to act for good or evil purposes have also been taken into account. It is not common to relate to the same view of philosophers with regard to the possibility of interpreting the concepts of good and evil, respectively. Ethics attempt to solve, beyond the philosophical aspects, real life situations requiring a position.

Truth and Modalities (II)

Author(s): Fabrice Pataut / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

I contrast two construals of the thesis that truth is independent of verifiability in principle: a modal one and a non modal one. I argue in favor of the modal construal and then, on that basis, that independence holds across the board, i.e., even for statements that are verifiable by us relative to familiar, customary, non-skeptical standards.

Hegel i izvorna istoriografija

Author(s): Lazar Atanasković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 37/2022

This article presents an introductory investigation of the so-called original history in Hegel‘s Lectures on the Philosophy of World History. It begins with the problematization of Hegel's terminological invention Die ursprüngliche Geschichte, pinpointing the ambiguous character of originality as an adjective by which Hegel describes the practice of some historians. Hegel's concept of originality here is investigated through an inquiry towards the defining features of historiographical practice. This inquiry is led by the traces of Hegel‘s description of the practice of the first historians as creators of the lasting intellectual representations by which collective memory is constituted. Then, following the specific formulations from Hegel‘s Introductions, the practice of the original historians is further interpreted as the practice of the transmission of transitory content of perception to the medium of lasting representation. Interpretation concludes with remarks about the importance of Hegel‘s theory of Erinnerung and Gedächtnis for further understanding of his theory of historiography.

ZACHĘTA DO MAKROBIUSZA. TRANSMISJA IDEI FILOZOFICZNYCH W KULTURZE

Author(s): MAŁGORZATA Kowalewska-Harasymiuk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2022

The article presents a philosophical and literary work which, despite its compiler character, played an important role in the history of culture. Thanks to him, important ideas of ancient philosophy were transferred to another era, that is, the Middle Ages. This work is a commentary on the VI book of De re publica by M.T. Cicero of A.T. Macrobius: Commentarii in Ciceronis Somnium Scipionis. This piece was for a long time the only trace of the mentioned piece by Cicero. It was also one of the main sources by which the ideas of Platonism and Pythagoreism as well as elements of ancient astronomical, musicological and mathematical doctrines reached the Middle Ages. This work was commented on very often by medieval scholars and is present in the minds of many of them. The numerous issues raised by Macrobius met with the interest of authors who know his Commentum. They took up macrobian threads and developed and transformed them according to their own way of thinking. Macrobius’ comment was repeatedly rewritten and commented on in the Middle Ages, as evidenced by the number of preserved manuscripts. In this article, I want to present an initial outline of the theological, anthropological and psychological views mediated by the commentary on the transmission of the Middle Ages.

ETHICS, RELIGION, AND THE PROBLEM OF LIFE: TOLSTOY’S INFLUENCE ON WITTGENSTEIN’S THINKING ABOUT THE MEANING OF LIFE

Author(s): Maksymilian Roszyk / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

In this paper, I try to show to what extent Wittgenstein’s thinking about the problem of the meaning of life was influenced by Tolstoy. I begin with the problem of what Tolstoy’s writings, especially philosophical, Wittgenstein knew. Then I proceed to three areas of impact: (1) treating the question of the meaning of life as the central problem for philosophy, (2) defining Ethics in terms of the meaning of life, and (3) the idea that the solution of the problem of the meaning of life lies in a practical change, not in giving a theoretical answer, which in turn is broken down into three more specific ideas, namely that (3a) the question concerning the meaning of life is a pseudo-question, that (3b) this vanishing of the question is not yet the solution, and that (3c) the solution of the problem of life consists in taking a religious attitude towards the world. I try to show that in point 1 Wittgenstein accepted Tolstoy’s general idea, but gave it his own version, which in turn makes the definition of Ethics in terms of the meaning of life in point 2 understandable; whereas in point 3 Wittgenstein accepts Tolstoy’s ideas and tries to formulate them in his own way.

Някои философско-логически аспекти относно изкуствения интелект

Author(s): Doroteya Angelova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2023

The article examines some philosophical and logical aspects that are present in the definitions of the concept of artificial intelligence (AI) and in the different views about its essence and goals. The main focus will be on the place of logic, including non-classical logics, in the context of the mentioned views. The question of the boundaries of AI will be also discussed and it will be proposed to be considered in several different contexts.

Психолингвистично изследване на „теорията на съзнанието“ при турски деца билингви

Author(s): Hristo Kyuchukov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

This article presents the results of a study of bilingual Turkish preschool children living in Berlin, Germany. The study was conducted among two groups of children between 4 and 6 years of age (18 in total) in kindergarten with the aim of examining the extent to which the mother tongue (L1) and the second language (L2) are a factor in understanding the theory of mind. The children were offered the classical tests for the theory of mind, as well as language tests related to the comprehension of interrogative sentences, containing a verb that shows a mental state, and to the comprehension and production of vocabulary in native Turkish and German as a second language for them. The results show that vocabulary is not an important factor, and that the mastery of interrogative sentences is a factor that helps understand the theory of mind. The results obtained were analyzed statistically with the t-test.

„Мащаби в локалното“: Витгенщайн, Лиотар и постмодерното, преоткрити в концептуално изкуство. (Част първа)

Author(s): Rossen Roussev / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 3/2023

This text takes up various aspects of a conceptual art project titled “Scales in the Local” in relation to key ideas of postmodern philosophical thought. More particularly, the conceptual focus of the authors of the project on the local, elemental, and uniquely singular is juxtaposed with the shifting focus of postmodern culture from the universalist metanarratives of the Enlightenment to the particularity of the singular. The project, which was implemented by a team of artists with different approaches to it, is seen as addressing and inducing reflections about major issues and concerns of our time. The work of the different artists is analyzed, drawing upon thinkers who left highly significant marks on postmodern philosophical thinking, including Wittgenstein, Heidegger, Nietzsche, Lyotard, and Foucault, among others. While the discussion of the participating works of art is inevitably arbitrary, its main purpose is to be a source of further reflections.

Is There a Memory Crisis in Europe?

Author(s): Daniela Koleva / Language(s): English Issue: 51/2023

Notes on modal semiotics

Author(s): Herman Tamminen / Language(s): English Issue: 24/2023

Tamminen’s prefatory article discusses modal semiotics. Its aim is to describe thinking and behaviour in/of different cultures and their modalities three-dimensionally from an impartial third-person metalevel standpoint. By adopting the structural approach in accordance with Algirdas Greimas’ theory of modalities, the becoming of a base value from its paradigmatic-virtual mode of existence to its consequent syntagmatic-actual existence viz. the axiologization and consequent ideologization of value will be described in the first part of the text. The second part provides a thorough overview of modal methodology as developed by David B. Zilberman, so as to propose their mutual methodological complementarity, and to suggest future pathways as to their reconciliation and further development. The description of modal structures, values, and categories can be used as a “shortcut” in attaining to understand differences in types of thinking and behaviour per (cultural) tradition as a metaphysical frame of reference for (a) the norms, values, and ideas objectified in culture; (b) the temperament, character, and interest observable in phenomenal behaviour; and (c) the significance, signification, and meaning subjectified in consciousness. Academically, Tamminen is devising the construct for modal semiotics, a project of which the paper at hand is also a part of; other texts concerning the same topic include “Body ground ‘red’ – integrating Peirce, Kristeva, and Greimas” and the upcoming “Blood gilded time – reflections on the sublogical bearings between passion, possession, and perish”. His many interests include, but are not restricted to, consciousness, dreaming, the symbol, thinking, culture, the analogous structure and function of the individual and collective intellects, modal semiotics, and the inevitable.

HOLISTIČKI I KONCEPTUALNI KARAKTER MENTALNOG U DELU DONALDA DEJVIDSONA

Author(s): Miloš Bogdanovic / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2020

In this paper we will try to confront Quine’s and Davidson’s holistic position through Davidson’s thesis of mental as a non-ontological category. In this regard, since Davidson came to this position through the thesis of mental as a decidedly conceptual category, we will try to show how this approach does not, nevertheless, rule out the possibility of its interpretation in ontological terms. However, in what follows we will draw attention to the fact that mental can be interpreted so that it proves to be immune to ontologization in Quine’s sense. This would be the evidence of different ways, which are not necessarily compatible, to argue for Davidson’s central thesis – the thesis about holistic character of mental – as well as, which is closely related, a certain difference that exists between Davidson’s view of mental as a conceptual category on the one hand, and a holistic category on the other hand.

SEMANTIČKI MENTALIZAM, INTERSUBJEKTIVNOST I METAFIZIKA NORMATIVNOSTI

Author(s): Miloš Šumonja / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/2017

The subject of this paper is Kripkensteinˈs critique of mentalistic explanation of linguistic normativity, as well as his intersubjective conception of normativity. The author argues against dominant intepretation of Kripkensteinˈs view on meaning as social metaphysics of normativity, the theory which reduces language rules to community consensus. It is pointed out that Kripkensteinˈs rejection of mentalistic thesis that meaning is some kind of mental state in the head of a speaker results in anti-reductionistic character of intersubjective conception of normativity, which describes how we speak about difference between correct and incorrect uses of language in everyday life, but does not say what that difference is, or what it consists of. Hence, it is concluded that, according to Kripkenstein, community is the only normative tribunal in matters of language, but itˈs not the supreme judge because, rather than passing irrevocable judgments on correctness of individual speech acts, community actually constitutes a framework that enables the normative disputes between its members.