CEEOL - Browse Subjects Result

We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.

Akviniečio Ir Avicebrono Disputo Dël Paprastuju Substanciju Sandaros Teo-Filosofinis Pamatas

Author(s): Gintautas Vyšniauskas / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 54/2008

The article discusses Thomas Aquinas’s polemics with Jewish-Arab thinker Solomon ibn Gabirol (lat. Avicebron). Aquinas focuses his critique on the hylomorphic structure of the simple substances postulated by Avicebron. But the analyses and comparison of the texts of both the thinkers lead us to the more fundamental philosophical problem of relation between simplicity and complexity, unity and diversity, one and many or, to be more precise, to the question, how it could be possible to derive diversity from the absolute unity? It seems that Aquinas derives diversity directly from the First Principle but corrupts its simplicity introducing into it Aristotelian causes. Avicebron preserves the unicity of the First Creator by deriving the diversity of the world from two secondary principles: the universal matter and universal form. However, in both cases we observe the solution of the problem by means of creating similar problem in another place: Aquinas has to speak of the absolutely simple triune First Being; Avicebron - of the simple composed substances. We conclude that these oxymoronic concepts of the medieval thinkers could be treated either as manifestation of ultimate logical incompatibility of Platonism an Aristotelianism with theism or as the metes of rational human knowledge beyond which the realm of mysticism and pure faith starts.

More...

FILOZOFIJA JEZIKA KOD Al-FARABlJA

Author(s): Mehmed Kico / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 03/2005

Studying Al-Faraby’s work, with an accent on his contribution to the methodology of language study, we came to the conclusion that he persistently tried to bring closer language and logic. Committed to setting a scientific system and research method which would be based on the reason and argumentation, he significantly rose above his time heavy with the domination of traditionalism. He has to his credit the flourishing of intellectual thought and the founding of the philosophy of language from whose sources the majority of succeeding Arabian philosophers and linguists derived instructions for their research commitments. These statements are analyzed and reasoned in this paper.

More...

Giordano Bruno and the Islamic Tradition

Author(s): Francesco Malaguti / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

Giordano Bruno has been described as a philosopher, a mathematician, a poet and a mage: all of these terms depict a different aspect of the multi-faceted thinker he was. The development of his original and anti-dogmatic views is partly due to a constant confrontation with different philosophical, scientific and religious doctrines that Scholasticism did not share. Our aim in this article is to clarify the role of the Islamic tradition and its figures in relation to the thought of Giordano Bruno. There is no comprehensive study about this topic, though academics found a consistent connection between the philosophy of Bruno and Latin Averroism.Other topics concerning the Nolan philosopher and the Arabic sources deserve our attention: for example, aspects regarding the Western reception of Islamic science and pseudoscience (astronomy, astrology and alchemy in particular). Philological investigations establish that Bruno read Latin translations of Arabic works and found theories of medieval Muslim thinkers on secondary sources: in fact, he was familiar with authors like al-Ghazali, Avempace and Averroes, as he mentioned them in his works. In order to understand to what extent the Islamic tradition influenced Bruno, we analyzed and contextualized his references concerning the Arabs and the Persians. We concluded that he had an interest in the scientific and philosophical theories of the Muslims, but his overall view on Islam was vague and conditioned by the beliefs of his historical period. Moreover,we highlighted that Averroes was the only Islamic thinker who significantly influenced Bruno; though, the thought of the Nolan has more points in common with Averroism, rather than with the actual philosophy of Averroes.

More...

Gazâlî’nin Tehafüt’ü Bağlamında Filozof ve Kelamcı Mücadelesi

Author(s): Ömer Faruk Erdoğan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 28/2014

Al-Ghazzali’s Tehâfütü’l-Felasife in this article that appeared in the work of philosophers and theologians aims to parse the resulting discussions. As a general criticism philosopher Ghazzali, consisting of the assay is a difficult book. When determining Ghazzali aim in this book, philosophers would criticize almost any andevery type of method with the views of sects and groups argue that refute them. Ghazzali, who want to perform this claim, in Tehâfüt theologians and philosophers have criticized receive support from. Munkız that theologians in the path of true again and again repeated Ghazzali, philosophers, theologians is seen as more dangerous than a group.

More...

İslam Düşüncesi ve İşrâkîlik

Author(s): Eyüp Bekiryazıcı / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 28/2014

One of the important schools of Islamic thought is illumination. However, throughout the history in the tradition of Islamic thought, Aristotle and “New Plutonian Peripatetist” movement have been prioritised, and this school has been mostly ignored. It should be known that illumination, which has been built by Suhrawardi as a “light metaphysics” that depends on “intuitional method”, has enriched the Islamic philosophy tradition. The opposition Suhrawardi faced in his age has prevented the spread of his ideas. Because of this reason, illumination has been ignored to some extent in the thought environments. However, it has continued it’s existence within several educative movements until today. It should be known that the comprehensive research of illumination, which is one of the truly original schools of Islamic thought, would contribute to understanding Islamic thought fully and sturdily.

More...

İslam Ahlâk Düşüncesinin Gelişiminde Filozofların Katkısı

Author(s): Murat Demirkol / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 28/2014

Even though it has some differences, as a common value and a reality, the Ethics became a scholarly discipline through the works of philosophers. The Philosophers saw the Ethics as the most important branch of the practical philosophy and constructed it as a philosophical discipline through the nafs theory which they have developed. This article examines the contributions of Muslim philosophers to the development of ethical philosophy, firstly as a process, and secondly as a conceptual and thematic set.

More...

Fârâbî’nin Felsefî Sisteminde İlm-i Medenî, Kelâm ve Fıkıh İlişkisi

Author(s): Şenol Korkut / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 28/2014

This article examines al-kalam (Islamic theology) and fiqh (Islamic law; jurisprudence) in al-Fârâbî’s philosophical system. The two science are investigated initially as religious sciences in traditional classification of sciences in Islamic thought. But, Al-Fârâbî firstly classified sciences as theoretical philosophy and practical philosophy on the ground of traditional philosophical division of theoretical intellect and practical intellect based on Aristotle. The practical sciences consist of politics, ethic, and management of home. In this context, Al-Fârâbî nominated the sciences under the science of society as universial in respect with their themes, methods, and principles. Because of fiqh and kalam are following conditions of a specific religion, they are not formulated as the same status in terms with their sources, methods, and themes. This article examines al-Fârâbî’s descriptions of the two religious sciences, attributes of specialists of two sciences, and methods of two sciences.

More...

Fıkıh-Felsefe İlişkisi

Author(s): Halit Ünal / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 28/2014

İlim, insana doğuştan verilen yetilerle elde edilen ve öğrenme çabasıyla daima canlı kalan, gelişen ve yenilenen bir olgudur. İlmi teşvik eden ve canlı tutan, kâinattaki hârikulâde güzellikler ile insanın merak duygusunu tahrik eden esrarengiz olaylar ve sürekli arayış içinde olan ve bir türlü tatmin olmayan insan ruhudur.

More...

Kelam Felsefe İlişkisi

Author(s): Metin Özdemir / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 29/2014

The relationship of theology and philosophy have started as a result of a need that the scholars of Kalam Science feel when they have forced to confront the intellectuals belonging to foreign systems of cultures, beliefs and thoughts. A group who are fond of the rational contemplation and of philosophical thought understood that they could only defend their faith and world views against their competitors through the use of their style and their methods in the best way. Thus, they have great interest in the study of philosophical sciences and methods. This interest starting with the Mu’tazila followed after al-Gazzali, the initiator of the philosophical theology in the true sense, by a rapidly increasing trend until the period of annotation and commentary. Then this gradually weakening relationship has come to a standstill. Then this relationship began to become active again with the beginning of the era of the neo Ilm al-Kalam in the early twentieth century. I shall try in this study to assess the process in question with its important aspects and outlines.

More...

Hikmet YAMAN, Prophetic Niche in the Virtous City: The Concept of Hikmah in Early Islamic Thought

Author(s): Vladimir Lasica / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1-2/2017

Review of: Vladimir LASICA, - Hikmet YAMAN, Prophetic Niche in the Virtous City: The Concept of Hikmah in Early Islamic Thought, Brill, Leiden-Boston, 316 str.

More...

Komentari Mesnevije i zanemarivanje Mevlanine sufijske tradicije

Author(s): Ehsan Raeisi / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 12/2018

The position and importance of Masnawi in the interpretation of Sufi themes and the interest of readers for it were the reason for writing commentaries on this significant work as well as the gradual spreading of the practice as a unique Sufi literary current in different times and parts of the world. Every commentary on Masnawi has interpreted Mevlana’s poetry through different approach and structure. Those interpretations have numerous literary and Sufi benefits; nevertheless, many shortcomings are evident in them as well. One of the most striking of those shortcomings is commentators’ neglect of Mevlana’s Sufi way. When it comes to Mevlana’s Sufi way, it is noteworthy that he is ranked among the group of spiritual teachers of the first Sufi tradition; for this reason, his reflections are completely different from those of Ibn Arabi, one of the authors of the second Sufi tradition. Based on that, it is not correct to refer to meanings and themes from the second Sufi tradition in order to interpret Mevlana’s reflections. The author of this paper has conducted research and analysis of the commentaries of Masnawi in a completely new way, in which context he attempted to offer new discoveries. With regard to this, the most important commentaries of Masnawi, from the beginning to the present, have been researched with the special focus on his Sufi way. In almost all the commentaries an error has been made, whereby Mevlana’s Sufi way was attributed to the second Sufi tradition. However, those commentaries differ in the proportion and manner of using meanings and themes of the second tradition when interpreting Masnawi.

More...

İbni Haldun’un İktisadi Kuramı: Devletin Ekonomi Üzerindeki Rolü ve Fonksiyonları

Author(s): Zafer Demir / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2018

The Muqaddimah, which was taken with scientific methodology in the 14th century, is the masterpiece that brings together the theoretical background and practical observations of Ibni Haldun in a balanced way. Prosperity and collapse of the states; environmental, social, economic, political, and historical factors in a dynamic framework. The founder of 'Umran' has put forward a holistic model which describes the state which is the subject of the social welfare based supply-demand, price-wage, labour-value, production-consumption and the whole economic system. He pointed to the state as a regulatory and supervisory role and an important element of economic life. He described the roles that the state should undertake to exemplify an advanced society and stable prosperity.

More...

Apie „Dorybingojo miesto" gyventojų pažiūras

Author(s): Abu Nasr Al-Farabi / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 36/2004

In this part al-Farabi presents the classification of non-virtuous and corrupt cities, later goes on to an analysis of the way of the soul towards the immaterial state and the state of the soul after death, compares the way towards the perfection of the soul with the way of a craftsman or artisan, and compares the state of the non-virtuous soul to that of bodily sickness.

More...

Apie „Dorybingojo miesto" gyventojų pažiūras

Author(s): Abu Nasr Al-Farabi / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 34/2003

In the part of his book published in this number, al-Farabi presents a classification of non-virtuous and corrupt cities, and later goes on to an analysis of the way of the soul towards the immaterial state and the state of the soul after death, compares the way towards the perfection of the soul with the way of a craftsman or artisan, and compares the state of the non-virtuous soul to that of bodily sickness.

More...

Apie „Dorybingojo miesto" gyventojų pažiūras (26-27 skyriai, tęsinys)

Author(s): Abu Nasr Al-Farabi / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 33/2003

In the chapter 26 al-Farabi shows the parallelism between God and the Universe, the Man and the Virtuous City, and in the second part of the same he expounds his theory about the degrees of the Intelligence and about the pecularities of the intellect of the Chief of the Virtuous City. In Chapter 27 the philosopher speaks about the qualities of the Chief of the Virtous City, what should be done if there is no person with all required qualities etc. The Chapter also shows that despite his strong reliance on Aristotle and Plato, al-Farabi is nevertheless a son of his own culture seeking solutions for its problems.

More...

Osmanlı Ulemasının Fıkıh Usulü Çalışmalarına Katkısı: Hasan Çelebi Ve Telvîh Hâşiyesi Örneği

Author(s): İlyas Yıldırım / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2019

One of the most important sciences that shape the Classical Period Ottoman thought is undoubtedly Usūl al-Fiqh. When the works of the Ottoman scholars of that period on Usul al-Fiqh are considered, it is seen that there are too many works inspired by the books named al-Tanqīh and al-Tawdīh by Sadr al-Shari‘ah. In this context, the annotate named al-Talwīh written by al-Taftāzānī on the aforementioned works has become the subject of much annotates due to being a text in which scholars have the possibility to express themselves and to prove their scientific maturity. Hasan Çelebi was a scholar who had studied almost all of the basic texts taught in the madrasas. Ḥāshiyah ‘alā al-Talwı̄h, one of these texts, was completed in 885/1480 and presented to Sultan Bayezid II. This work was carefully analyzed and appreciated by some scholars of the period. The related work and its author has been determined to be the main subject of the study because it is thought to provide important findings related to the thought of Ottoman principles.

More...

Kitap değerlendirme: Kitabu Bu’sü’d-Dehrâniyye: en-Nakdü’l-İ’timânî li Fasli’l-Ahlâk ani’d-Dîn

Author(s): M’utaz Hassan Mohamm Abûqasem / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2017

The review of: Taha Abdurrahman, Kitabu Bu’sü’d-Dehrâniyye: en-Nakdü’l-İ’timânî li Fasli’l-Ahlâk ani’d-Dîn, çev. Enes Büyük (Beyrut: Neşretü’ş-Şebeketi’l-Arabiyye li’l-Ebhâs ve’n-Neşr, 2014).

More...

Traktat o nepokretnim ili fiksiranim zvijezdama od Abdurahmana Sufije

Author(s): Svetlana Strugarević / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 8/2017

The book by Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi Kitāb suwar al-kawākib at-tābita is his most successful and most famous work. It has achieved an incredible success in the East and in the West. Its biggest contribution lays in the review of stars in tables, measuring the magnitudes, the review of popular classical and Arabic names of stars and constellations, and double illustrations. Apart from the fact that the book has a remarkable scientific significance, the rich and luxuriant illustrations make it valuable on aesthetic and artistic level. The work was written ca. 964 AD, but the original manuscript was unfortunately lost. The vast number of transcripts dating from different periods, and of different quality, style and readability has survived. As far as it is known, the first translations of al-Sufi’s work were made in the 13th century. Nasir al-Din al-Tusi translated “The Book on Constellations” into Persian, and it was translated into Spanish in the same century during the rule of King Alfonso II. It was translated into French in 1874. It was printed in Arabic in 1956. A partial translation in English emerged in 2010, while the remaining part is in the preparation process. There are no other known translations. The most cited translation in the Western literature is the translation into French language.

More...

Kasna islamska filozofija: ključni pojmovi Mulla Sadraovog filozofskog mišljenja

Author(s): Rusmir Šadić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 3/2019

The philosophy of Mulla Sadra Shirazi undoubtedly represents the most significant historical episode within later Islamic philosophy and the establishment of a new philosophical system characterized by a synthesis of peripatetic tradition and certain elements of philosophy of illumination, gnosis and theology. Transcendent philosophy (hikma muta’aliyya) – which is the term used by Shirazi to denote one’s own philosophy – indicates the unprecedented opening of philosophy to the gnostic tradition of Islam and the postulation of an entirely new concept of philosophy. In this article, the author seeks to outline the basic contours and peculiarities of such philosophical expression, and through insight into some of the fundamental problems within the field of ontology, epistemology and eschatology, as interpreted by the most prominent Muslim philosopher after Averroes, Descartes’ contemporary in the East, Mulla Sadra Shirazi.

More...

Ka univerzalnoj teističkoj metafizici

Author(s): Vladimir Lasica / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1-2/2019

In this paper I argue that a universal philosophical theistic approach to reality is still possible. I highlighted the meaning of ‘being’ as the starting point of classical medieval metaphysics as the starting point upon which a universal theistic metaphysics could be established. The importance of such project is to show that the most universal religious idea of God’s existence is not a product of superstition or of mere belief, but of rationality that has the same foundation as any scientific inquiry into reality. This starting point is the universal meaning of ‘being qua being,’ that due to its absolute extension corresponds with the absoluteness of existence (i.e. the absoluteness of being), and as such represents the foundation of any conception and cognition.

More...