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Da li je svet poreciv? O duhu Indije i zapadnoj gnozi

Author(s): Peter Sloterdijk / Language(s): German,Serbian Issue: 0/1994

Es gehoert zu den peinlichen Geheimnissen des philosophischen Metiers, dass dort, wo in positiven Toenen von letzten Erkenntnissen gesprochen wird, der Irrsin selbst oft nicht weit ist. In der Hingezogenheit zu “ den groessten Gedanken der M etaphysik und im Sog des “ psychistrisch relevanten Ich-Todes wirkt - so ist zu vermuten - derselbe Magnetismus, diesselbe Anziehungskraft eines im buchstaeblichen Sinn ausserordentlichen und exzentrischen Pols.

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Are we Hindus? Religion in contemporary Tamil Dalit discourse

Author(s): Pavel Hons / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

Based primarily on original sources in Tamil as well as interviews, the article seeks to portray the attitude of Tamil Dalit intellectuals and political leaders towards the question of religion. It seeks to discover the role of religion in their discourse and how they utilise religious matters to mobilise their fellow caste members. It maps their efforts to distance themselves from Hinduism and to propagate the particularity of Dalit deities and Dalit religion as a part of their newly constructed identity. Their opinions on the possibility of conversion are also briefly noted. These attitudes are examined from the viewpoint of the differing emancipation strategies of the three major Tamil Dalit castes. The Paraiyar as well as the Arunthaiyar leaders try to reject the Hindu identity, though the common folk consider themselves to be Hindus. The Devendrars on the contrary associate themselves with the Hindu gods and Hindu temples, they claim direct connection with some of them. Even they, however, tend to emphasise particularity of their deities as a part of their identity building.

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Joga dla Polki i Polaka. Rzut oka na recepcję indyjskiej duchowości w Polsce

Author(s): Marzenna Jakubczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2019

The article starts with a review of data on the religious affiliations and involvement of contemporary Poles, with special focus on religious traditions originating in India. Then, outlined briefly is the Polish reception of the Hindu and Buddhist religio-philosophical ideas, regarding the period between the mid-nineteenth century, through the 1990s and on to the present day. Both the oriental religions and psychophysical exercises associated with yoga have various connotations for Poles, who mostly identify themselves as Christians. Along with the gradually growing popularity of modern postural yoga, one can observe increasing fears and prejudices developing, ones which are usually based on ignorance or confusion. In the following part of the article the term “yoga” is elucidated. The author also discusses the origin and the significance of yoga as a phenomenon within the context of Hindu culture. Finally, she considers the question as to whether yoga, as it has been adopted in Polish society, should be rather associated with physical culture and a method of relaxation or with a religious movement and a spiritual path. In conclusion, the author addresses the issue of the alleged incompatibility and discrepancy between the non-western ideas implied by yoga and the Roman Catholic worldview predominating in Poland.

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IKBAL I ZAPADNJAČKO RELIGIJSKO MIŠLJENJE NJEGOVOG DOBA

Author(s): Muhammad Ma'ruf / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 17/2013

Ikbal’s opinion was influenced by a variety of theological and philosophical schools and movements that were popular during his stay in Europe. In his ideas and theories one can identify luscious, reflections and shadows of idealism, realism, historicism, naturalism, spiritualism, etc. The ability to synthesize thoughts and artistic traditions of East and West has made him one of the few thinkers whose worldviews adorned completeness, comprehensiveness and dynamism. Dr. Muhammad Ma’ruf in his book Iqbal and Western religious thinking of his day has done a comparative study which examines Western theological and philosophical schools and movements by comparing them with Ikbal’s theories and ideas. This work consists of ten chapters. The fifth chapter is entitled “Iqbal and religious naturalism.” The first part of this chapter deals with Iqbal’s opposition to Western scientists-philosophers who have approached religion in a positivist and naturalistic manner. The similarities and differences between Ikbal’s and Haeckel’s understanding of unity of substance and mechanistic concept are pointed out. The second part presents a comparative analysis of Ikbal’s and of Western anthropologists attitudes to study the possibilities of scientific culture, its continuity of specific domains and roles of science and religion and the origins of religion. In this context Tylor’s, Frazer’s and Reinach’s theories are briefly treated. In the last section, the author presented the theory of Western psychologists as well as Iqbal’s perception of these theories. In this section, the author focuses on Leub’s theory of purely biological values of religion, Freud’s understanding of the origin, nature and the future of religion and Jung’s understanding of the relationship between God and the unconscious, “telos” of religious activities and “individuation”.

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IKBALOVA VJERSKOFILOZOFSKA MISAO (IDEJA REKONSTRUKCIJE IZMEĐU RELIGIJE I KULTURE KAO ISTINE NOVOG ISKUSTVA SVIJETA: VJEROVATI, ČINITI I BITI)

Author(s): Orhan Bajraktarević / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 14/2010

Ikbal, in the era of European expansion of industrial and social revolution, naturalism, evolutionism, empiricism, agnosticism and atheism, indicates the importance of belief in God, and in a Jubranian-Ghandian manner invites readers to turn to Brahmanian, Biblical thought, to Qur'an and Hadith of the prophet Muhammad, p.b.u.h., with a new enthusiasm, new spirit, a new way in a form that leads to a new free and strong individuality, and individuality as a whole. The new individual is not burdened by tradition and history, he establishes a national state, and re-united Islamic world society.

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Eski Uygur Budist Metinlerine Göre İnsan Embriyosu

Author(s): Jens Wilkens,Muammer ŞEHİTOĞLU / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 04/2020

The Period of Old Uighur Turkish It is a period in which cultural concepts, terms and words are exchanged in written language dimension within the historical development and change of Turkish. Especially in the period when Buddhism was effective and widespread, many of the words, concepts and terms related to religious terminology have been translated into Turkish by translating the themed and themed works into Turkish by Kagan and the commanders. These terms, concepts and words that are translated into Turkish; It is related to the disciplines of social sciences (religion, literature, politics, etc.) as well as to the disciplines of science. Thanks to the interdisciplinary link, the belief that birth and death in Buddhism is not only mystical; In the biological dimension, it is seen that the biological terminology formed in the works written in the written language also occurs. The language features of the texts of the period, the ability of the language to express concepts and terms have emerged through the interlingual translations. Jens Wilkens' research is also valuable and remarkable in this respect. In this study, J. Wilkens' Human Embryos According to Old Uighur Buddhist Texts was translated into Turkish and presented to the attention of researchers.

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Budizm’in Batı’dan Doğuşu: Modern ve Postmodern Budizm

Author(s): Hesna Serra Aksel / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 54/2020

Number of those in the West who relate with Buddhist theories and practices in various ways without adapting Buddhism as a religion are rapidly rising. In this research, in order to contribute to a better comprehension of the place Buddhism occupies in the West, we aim to shed lights on the background of the contemporary situation by examining the adaptation periods of Buddhism since it was introduced to the West in the 19th century. First, we discuss reading of Buddhism as a ‘rational’ and ‘scientific’ tradition when the modernism had a high prestige and the conditions which caused these modernist readings. Then, we look into the cultural situations both in the West and Asia by pointing out some important people who were effective in this period. The last point we pay attention is new turns since the 1960s and the ‘pragmatic’ Buddhism as the result of these new turns. As a result, we argue that Buddhism which has been adopted to modern values of the West and pragmatic purposes of post-modern life style easily fit into various life and belief systems.

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review at Alan Brill, Rabbi on the Ganges: A Jewish-Hindu Encounter, Lexington Books, 2019.

Author(s): Melanie Barbato / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

review

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Consciousness Endomitosis: A Cyclic Cosmological Theory

Author(s): Rafael Pulido-Moyano / Language(s): English Issue: 27/2021

A cyclic cosmological theory called “Consciousness Endomitosis Theory” (CET) is proposed. Whatever is taken as being real, any particle, any structure in the universe, any object, or any type of interaction, all of them are derivative from consciousness, and are described as modulations of consciousness. In CET, consciousness is assumed to be the field from which all other fields described by general relativity and quantum mechanics emerge and into which all of them coalesce. Other cosmological cyclic models can be partly embedded within CET or can be shown to be compatible with it, including some apparently distant models like Steinhardt and Turok’s two-brane cyclic model, as well as other models much closer to CET principles, like Amoroso’s Noetic Field Theory (2000, 2003, 2006) and Di Biase’s Quantum Holographic Informational Model (2019). In CET, consciousness is metaphorically compared to a spherical cell in which an iterative endomitotic process takes place, a process that flows into the “Big Bang.” Once the evolution of visible universe is completed, “Big Crunch” triggers endomitosis reversal. Time, space, energy, mass and the four fundamental interactions are reinterpreted in the light of this cosmic dynamics of consciousness.

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Birth of a Tibetan Buddhist Master, Part 1: Visionary Experiences Prior to the Birth of the Seventh Karma pa, Chos grags rgya mtsho (1454–1506)

Author(s): Dominik Dell / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

This paper highlights the importance of the secret level of rnam thars – accounts of visionary experiences and miraculous events as a sign of realisation in life stories of Tibetan Buddhist masters – based on existing research. The focus is mainly on visionary experiences. This paper contributes to this field by providing an annotated translation, analysis, and edition of a so-far untranslated section of the rnam thar of the Seventh Karma pa from the Chos ’byung mkhas pa’i dga’ ston.

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Aitareya Upanisad (Studiu introductiv, traducere şi note)

Author(s): Ovidiu Cristian Nedu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2008

Aitareya Upanisad is one of the oldest Upanisads; apart from this, the text is also important due to some doctrinal reasons. In its first part, it consists of a cosmogony, which depicts a classical Indian anthropological conception, namely the similarity between man, viewed as a microcosm, and the Universe, in its entirety. The way man and Universe are created accounts for their structural similarity. Equally important is the third part, which is a classic in Indian literature, frequently quoted as a scriptural proof for the identification of the absolute with consciousness. A part of verse III.1.3, “Consciousness is Brahman”, is considered as one of the great affirmations (mahāvākya) of Hindu philosophy.

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Buddhism and Urbanism in Post-Soviet Buryatia

Author(s): Bato Dondukov,Oyuna DORZHIGUSHAEVA,Galina Dondukova / Language(s): English Issue: 10/2021

With the collapse of the Soviet Union the traditionally Buddhist regions of Russia, including the Republic of Buryatia, experienced the revival of religion. Along with the traditional Gelug school of Mahayana Buddhism existing on the territories around Lake Baikal for more than three hundred years, the globalized model of Buddhism started to spread quickly in Buryatia in the 1990s. Tibetan Buddhist teachers started to establish new Buddhist organizations in Buryatia and thus to transform the urban landscape of Ulan-Ude, the capital of the republic. The article traces how global and local Buddhist organizations become represented in the urban landscape of Ulan-Ude and considers the anti-urban position of Khambo Lama Damba Ayusheev.

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Reading a 1908 Buryat Schoolbook on Buddhism in the Light of its Socio-Cultural Setting

Author(s): Ayur Zhanaev / Language(s): English Issue: 18/2021

This article is devoted to the text entitled A Concise Teaching of Buddha Shakyamuni’s Religion for Instructing the Buryat Children, published in 1910 by Lama Danja-a Erdeniyeb. The study attempts to trace its complex discursive story, which shows the way the religious didactic narrative was transformed into a textbook for secular Buryat schools of the time. The story of this transformation requires a comprehensive comment on the historical and cultural setting of the early twentieth-century tsarist Russia, in which the author and his text were both embedded. In the appendix to the article, the reader will find my transliteration and English translation of this peculiar text.

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Budismi semiootika I - Tartu-Moskva koolkonna panus: Pjatigorski ja Mäll

Author(s): Andres Herkel / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 17/2020

The article examines Buddhist studies within the Tartu–Moscow school of semiotics. At the beginning of Tartu semiotics there was a pleiad of orientalists and indologists using the semiotic approach for Buddhist studies. Alexander Piatigorsky and Linnart Mäll were important contributors. Piatigorsky and Mäll refrained from using theories and terminology from Western philosophy to interpret Buddhism. However, they used semiotic tools to describe such basic problems as: the hierarchies of thestates of mind; personological classifications; the difference between psyche and consciousness; Buddhist metalanguage and terminology; the term dharma; the impact of texts on the mind; the mechanisms of the production of new texts; zero and infinity as symbols for texts and sates of mind, etc. Their several articles in Tartu semiotics have timeless value for Buddhist studies. With the help of semiotics they were able to successfully deal with texts corresponding simultaneously to different states of consciousness and different levels of interpretation.

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Cultural Agents of Indic Sciences’ Migration in Post–War Latvia

Author(s): Natālija Burišina / Language(s): English Issue: 45/2022

This is an interdisciplinary study that forms the second part of a trilogy the first part of which, covering the time period from the middle of the 19th century until 1940, was published in the article “Origins and Proliferation of Indic Sciences in Latvia” (Abrola 2019: 40–67). Therewith, a brief overview of the first part is given in the introduction. Conversely, in the body of this article the second part is expounded. Within that the migration of such Indic sciences as yoga, ayurveda, music, literature, culture, and philosophy, and their and impact on the cultural landscape of Latvia has been studied. Likewise, the interactions of cultural agents and geopolitical processes of both the countries — Latvia and India — within a time period from 1940 until 1970 have been investigated. In order to conduct this study, the repositories of the libraries, the funds of the museums, archives, Latvia State Radio and Television Centre, Riga Film Studio have been investigated. Last but not least the interviews with interlocutors have been conducted. The methodology applied: archival research, method of social anthropology — oral history interviews, data analyses and syntheses.

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La traversée du Kala pani chez Ananda Devi : entre espace-temps tragique et renaissance symbolique

Author(s): Aïssatou Moukara / Language(s): French Issue: 21/2022

References to the notion of karma abound in the works of Ananda Devi, a major female figure in the literary Francophonie of the Indian Ocean. These references evoke a tragic fate in connection with the idea of exile for the Indian community installed in Mauritius through the crossing of the Great Ocean. However, this crossing of “dark waters” (Kala pani) is a taboo, a curse in Hinduism. Installed in the island area of Mauritius, the Indo-descendants presented by Devi’s works experience a sort of eternal return from this original curse, the community feeling chastened by a feeling of uprooting, which constantly recalls the indestructible link with the mother country the ancestral culture. Based on two novels from the so-called Hindu cycle of Ananda Devi, and drawing on the work of Mircea Eliade (2009) on mythical symbols and structures, this study aims at showing that death is a figure of reincarnation in a new life. The analysis thus leads to understand that the Kala pani is a tragic space-time, at the same time, that it is a space-time of purifying immersion and of symbolic rebirth in the imaginary of the exiles that the novelist stages.

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Urban Ecosophy for a Post-Colonial Ecohumanism of the City

Author(s): Dominique Sellier / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

Ecosophy traces its etymological roots to the ancient Greek wisdom (sophia) of the household (oïkos), and can be understood as a form of ethics to inhabit the earth. Reflecting on the current challenges of the city, like the relation to the nature, or the social and ethnic inequalities in the urban space and through the ecosophical gaze of Arne Næss and Felix Guattari allows us to address core issues of an urban ecosophy. Within Næss ecosophy of the “self-realization”, the paper is pointing the link with his ontology of the relation with Gandhi´s insight on non violence and the importance of the “sense of place” with the understanding and identification to the local environment. Guattari´s ecosophy as the paper will show, leads also to the concepts of relation and of the “Tout monde” from the post-colonial thinker, and friend of him, Edouard Glissant. Furthermore, Stiegler´s concept of neguanthropocene and considering cities as “complex exorganisms” echoes Guattari´s urban ecosophy with the emergence of the “data city” performing a new kind of colonialism with data in the urban space. Finally, the essay will demonstrate how the urban ecosophy, as a practical ecosophy, in correspondence with ecohumanism, is proposing a decentring of humanism by considering the ecology in the city. It makes then possible to reconcile a modernist philosophy of individual and collective emancipation and deployment of subjectivities in the city, the idea of universalism with a world citizenship, with an emerging philosophy of respect and ethic for the living.

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Riturile educaționale și inițiatice hinduse. Cazul particular al ritului de trecere Upanayana

Author(s): Hilda Hedvig Varga / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2021

The paper focuses on the topic of educational and adolescence rites in Hinduism, to which the most important rite of this interval of human existence is added: initiation. The educational rites ‒ Vidyārambha (learning of the alphabet), Vedārambha (beginning of Vedic studies) ‒ highlight the time when the individual is at the onset of his growth. The rite of adolescence Keśānta/Godāna (first shaving) represents the celebration of the transformation of the body in this complex process of becoming. Initiation (Upanayana) is, by far, the most intricate rite of passage, which marries the religious sphere with the social and moral one: it opens the gate towards philosophical and theoretical knowledge, it bestows upon the initiated the privilege of moving forward to the next existential stage – that of head of a family (gṛhastha) – through the second birth (dvija), and prepares him for living in a community in which he needs to contribute. Thus, man sets off into the unknown accomplished in every aspect of life, assuming, with responsibility, his active role in the society whose member he is. His becoming ends once the rite of returning home (Samāvartana) is performed, after which the individual is free to rejoin his community, gathering all the fruits and benefits of the knowledge acquired during initiation.

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Философско-смисловото поле на преводаческо-интерпретативната техника на гъ-и

Author(s): Yana Stefanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

The article aims to present the controversy surrounding the geyi's translation and interpretation technique, which was used in the third and fourth centuries in China, commonly translated as "matching concepts", which is the most distinct manifestation of the adaptation of Buddhist concepts to classical Taoist doctrines. For this purpose, its basic philological and philosophical interpretations of the term are presented. Studying the spread and adaptation of Buddhist doctrines in China gives the unique opportunity to balance these two opposing positions. The very specificity of the philosophical sense of the translator and the interpretive technique of the geyi is considered in its aspect as one of the main factors that shaped the features of Chinese Buddhism and its subsequent final detachment from its Indian equivalent. Its use and improvement mark the beginning of the formation of East Asian Buddhism as an essentially new Buddhist doctrinal strand.

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Развитието на „индийската нишка“ в Европа: пренос и рецепция на източните идеи на Запад

Author(s): Yana Stephanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2023

The article examines the earliest evidence of the transmission of Indian and Buddhist ideas. The aim is to outline a schematic mental “map” of the first contacts between Ancient Greece and Europe during the early Middle Ages and India in a socio-cultural and religious-philosophical aspect, without claiming absolute comprehensiveness. The historical-philosophical method was used in order to establish the lines of reception, to discover the specifics of the changes during its transmission and, accordingly, the differences that appeared, and to indicate the historical-philosophical connections and moments of “intersection” of the two traditions under consideration. The proposed article is the beginning of a series of articles that will explore in a similar manner the development of the “Indian thread” in Europe until the flowering of mature Indology in the 18th century, as until now there is no similar presentation in the Bulgarian language. The aim is not to bring to the fore a supposed influence on Christianity, nor to debate which came first, but only to show that familiarity with Indian philosophy-religious reality is not something that appears 'suddenly'. The study of the historical-philosophical context of each of the periods would provide clarity on the level of familiarity and the method of reception and interpretation of the "new knowledge" on which to base texts on East-West dialogue in modern times.

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