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Ka dekonstrukciji zajednice: od sublimnosti do razdjelovljenosti

Author(s): Bernard Harbaš / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 03+04/2009

In this paper the author deals with the problem of postmodern understanding of the concept of community. The author gives an overview of political thought of postmodern thinkers such as: Lyotard, Blanchot, Derrida, etc. The main idea of the paper is that postmodern thought rejects any theories of belonging or identity or concepts in sense of ethnicity, people or nation. Contrary to the mentioned standpoints, postmodern thinkers explore community as something that is always to come or inoperative. In that sense the purpose of this paper is to question the conception of community beyond traditional sense of categories of nation, belonging or fixed identity.

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Razgovor Cipriana Mihalija sa Jean-Luc Nancyjem

Author(s): Ciprian Mihali,Jean-Luc Nancy / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 02/1999

Interview with Jean-Luc Nancy by Cipran Mihali

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S rukom na srcu, gledajući te pravo u oči, obećavam ti se... Opaske o Derridinoj interpretaciji Husserla

Author(s): Leonard Lawlor / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 01+02/2012

The most fundamental principle of Derrida’s thought is the phenomenological principle of Fremderfahrung, from Husserl’s Fifth Cartesian Meditation: I can never have a presentation (a Gegenwärtigung) of the interior life, the inside, of another; I can only ever have a representation of it (a Vergegenwärtigung). Derrida conceives the profound spatiality, the distance, the écart through Vergegenwärtigung. In Voice and Phenomenon, Derrida uses this phenomenological principle of intersubjectivity to contest the implicit „metaphysics of presence“ in Husserl’s phenomenology. Here I intend to examine the new „deconstruction of phenomenology“ found in Le Toucher, in the chapter called „Tangent II.“ I hope to show the continuity between this recent text and Voice and Phenomenon. As in chapter 6 of Voice and Phenomenon, in „Tangent II“ of Le Toucher there is a critique of the idea that one can have „a pure experience of one’s own body“. Thus,+ more generally, I want to come to understand the philosophy of the heart that animates this entire book. This „cardiology“ is connected to the movement in Derrida’s thinking from a thought of the question (as in the question of being) to the promise (as in the promise of justice), from, in other words, ontology (or phenomenological ontology) to eschatology.

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Socio-kulturna antropologija danas

Author(s): Aleksandar Bošković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/2002

The article presents a history of the development of theoretical perspectives within the social and cultural anthropology from the early 20th century. Beginning with functionalism and structural functionalism, the author traces the influences of structuralism, Marxism, interpretivism, gender, cultural and post-colonial studies, concluding with a set of five themes characteristic for the contemporary anthropological research.

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Ritmo sąvokos metamorfozės Gilles’io Deleuze’o ir Félixo Guattari tekstuose

Author(s): Jūratė Baranova / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 4/2017

This article deals with the ability of the concept of rhythm functioning in the texts of Deleuze and Guattari to discern the lines of navigation of thought from philosophy towards different forms of art (literature, cinema, painting, music) and backwards. Starting from the dynamic cartography of the problems and concepts discerned as suitable for such thought experiments by Sauvagnargues, Buchanan, Bogue, and Zepke, this research comes to the conclusion that the concept of rhythm is a suitable link for navigation of the possible cohesions between philosophy and different arts. The concept of ‘rhythm’ becomes a philosophical concept in the texts of Deleuze and Guattari and gains the ontological status transcending limits of philosophy and arts. It functions in the territory between the sound, word, and image, as well as the work of art, philosophy and life. Mainly from this ontological perspective, this concept receives the power to reveal not only horizontal, but also vertical, genealogical aspects of art as the process of becoming.

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Полот на нацијата

Author(s): Rada Iveković / Language(s): French,Macedonian Issue: 1/2001

La construction de toute identite, qu’elle soit pensee comme religieuse, culturelle, linguistique, ou autre se fait au moyen d’une definition prealable des rapports sociaux des sexes. II en va de meme de I’identite dite ethnique et/ou nationale.

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Derrida, Chomsky and Wittgenstein: Grammatologist / Grammarian / Grammatist

Author(s): Prakash Kona / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2011

That there is no fixed point but point(s) of origin is the point of origin of this essay that begins with a play on the word gram. It could be the Derridean gramme or Chomskyean grammar. It could also be “language-game” meant to bring Wittgenstein into the conversation. I used Alfred Hitchcock’s statement on psychoanalysis taken from the 1945 classic “Spellbound” as a point of “origin” for the discussion on grammar. The statement concentrates on the “origins” of the problems of the mind that psychoanalysis hopes to cure. In using Hitchcock, more of artist of language than a language-theorist, I problematize the idea of origin itself; whether it ought to come from a serious-minded philosopher like Freud - the so-called “right” source or a secondary source such as Hitchcock playing with the Freudean idea of psychoanalysis through his narrative. The origin of discussion thus turns out to be a false start. It serves a purpose in showing the apparent nature of the text that psychoanalysis is a construction like any other discourse that dominated Western philosophy from Plato to the present. Yet origin must exist in the literal sense of the term. Freud did off er psychoanalysis as a form of therapy to open the text to meaning - in this case, the text is the human mind itself. In the process, psychoanalysis itself is a multifaceted text that becomes a stage for the entrance of the gram. The idea is to show philosophy as a narrative; the narrative dimension of philosophy and philosophy itself as a form of narration. From a Derridean perspective, the point of origin is a null, which opens the text to diverse readings. It is both the anarchy of the text as well as silence at the heart of language.

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Nema sekularizacije bez neprijatelja

Author(s): Bernard Harbaš / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1-2/2019

This article departs from Carl Schmitt’s understanding of the notions of the political and enemy and their interpretation in contemporary social and political theory. Concept of the political implies a multitude of grouped and opposed yet not necessarily conflicting parties. The political can be understood as a confirmation of political unities’ existences, as well as the strength of their inner coherence. In other words, the political is a strengthening of ties within a political community because beside and opposed to it there is another (hostile) community. In contemporary philosophy, Schmitt’s understanding of the political is, among others, interpreted from the theory of identity standpoints. In that sense, enemy represents a confirmation that there is the other who is opposed, independent and different from the ‘same’. Talal Asad is of the opinion that with the emergence of Enlightenment Europe formed the identity of modern and secularized community which simultaneously brought about outlining of clear demarcation with religious East which, from the Western standpoint, remained undeveloped because it didn’t undergo the process of secularization. Similar thesis is brought forward by Gil Anidjar who states that Europe constitutes and strengthens its identity through the enmity towards the religious East. According to Chantal Mouffe, enemy is understood as a constitutive outside, i.e. as the condition for forming the identity. For Derrida, Schmitt’s concept of the enemy can be understood as ‘the other’ who is not only different but significant since, because of its otherness, opposition and distance, it prevents ethnic homogenization and thus creation of new enmities. The article shows that Schmitt’s the political doesn’t necessarily has to be understood as a concept which supports absolutist power and necessarily enmity. On the contrary, through contemporary (especially poststructuralist) interpretations one can see that enmity is unavoidable element in constituting the identity and, even more importantly, foundation for every authentic friendship.

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ქალური ენისა და თვითგამოხატვის პრომლემები ინგებორგ ბახმანისა და ლია სტურუას პოეტურ ტექსტებში

Author(s): Salome Pataridze / Language(s): Georgian Issue: 20/2/2019

Feminist theories mainly take the initial from the idea that there exists an established identity expressing the category of “woman”. The identity shall create the subject that may be politically and historically represented. The concept “representation” has two functions in this case: on the one hand it gives more public visibility and legitimacy to the woman as a subject, and on the other hand, the representation is considered to be a normative function of the language either revealing or distorting the category of woman. Feminist theories/literary studies often see the creation of such language as the main need for the full and adequate representation achieving the public visibility of women (establishment as the subject). This article analyzes some lyrical works of Austrian Ingeborg Bachmann and Georgian Lia Sturua from the perspective of post-structuralism, namely, Jacques Derrida’s concept of written language and its binary nature, Lacan’s denial of the Woman’s existence and the subject’s shift to the symbolic order, also Julia Kristeva’s, Luce Irigaray’s, Hélène Cixous’ ideas on problems of feminine language and self-representation in the patriarchal/symbolic order. The analysis of poems of Ingeborg Bachmann and Lia Sturua shall highlight specific features of feminine language and challenges to the self-representation of woman.

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Ideološki sistemi i drugi alati za konstrukt identiteta i spomenika

Author(s): Majda Turkić,Bernard Harbaš / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 18/2019

If norms are directed by the societal ruling structure, ideologically constructed systems may distort objective, real, and scientifically proved values creation. Individuals are often disabled to autonomously decide on the acceptance of their choices, which may direct further consequences. This paper discusses the idea and the construction of identity through literature from Foucault, Derrida, Hegel, Hall, to Butler, as forcefully created perceptions that serve established systems for imposing national ideology and control. We argue that enforced societal norms undermine singularity and debilitate capacities for individual expression and beingness. As part of this paper discussion, we analyze the phenomenon of destruction of monuments that are publicly exposed and visible, referring to intermittent vandalism of the Partisan Cemetery in Mostar as an example of denial and humiliation of the symbols of the former political framework. This example serves to delineate one of many tools used for the instrumentalization of the national and ideologically created identities and the aftermath of the societies.

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A sokféleség két formája és a homogenizáció

Author(s): János Tóth I. / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 4/2019

Diversity is the unity of sameness and non-sameness (difference). In a basic situation, the more significant the difference, the greater the diversity. However, the organic systems based on relatively homogeneous groups, sub-units and structures are governed by special rules. The heterogenization of groups, that is, their dissolution decreases diversity. I propose to present this paradox effect of homogenization through examples taken from biology and social studies. The structural diversity of humanity is closely linked to the objective and subjective sameness and identity of individuals. There are three fundamental, political approaches to relate to human diversity: hierarchy, the approach that emphasizes difference; equality that emphasizes sameness, and equality that emphasizes difference. The first approach belongs to the outworn past, therefore the battle for defining the future takes place between the remaining two approaches. The aspect that these approaches are debating is whether it is the individual form of diversity (globalization, deconstruction) or its structural form (emancipation, sovereignty) that must be promoted.

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ПОСТМОДЕРНІЗМ ЯК МЕТОДОЛОГІЯ СУЧАСНИХ СМИСЛОВИХ ВІЙН

Author(s): Mikhail Petrovich Trebin,Oleksandr Yurievich Panfilov / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2020

Problem setting. The information war is not a united one, it includes three different aspects - the information and technical war (aimed at cyber resources), the information and psychological war (designing to make an opponent decide in the way necessary for an attacking side) and the semantic war. Researchers note that, in contrast to others, the semantic war has far goals that lie even beyond the limits of the life of a generation. Unlike facts that are constantly changing, meanings remain valid for a long time as they reflect the model of the world. The semantic war deals with interpretations based on the existing model of the world. Interpretation processes, being more complex, become more important than just informational ones.Thus, the problem of searching for the methodological foundations of conducting semantic confrontation, changing the value system, and the world picture of the general public of the society is becoming more and more topical.Recent research and publications analysis. The issues of certain aspects of semantic wars are in the centre of attention of such researchers as Yu. Gromyko, A. Dzholos, R. Marutyan, A. Pelin, G. Pocheptsov, Yu. Solomonov and others. However, the methodology of semantic warfare remains insufficiently studied although this can help freely “enter” the “territory of meanings” of the victim of aggression, change the value system, and the picture of the world.Paper objective. The goal of this paper is to clear up the methodological foundations of modern semantic wars.Paper main body. The article attempts to determine the methodology of modern semantic wars. It is justified that postmodernism is one of the methodologies that can be used to explain the phenomenon of semantic weapons. Postmodernist discourse greatly differs from other philosophical directions in terms of topics, conceptual apparatus, and ideological foundations, especially in the context of the formation of a modern information society.It is determined that several basic ideas can be distinguished within the postmodern discourse, these ideas being successfully used in the present semantic confrontations. First, this is the textualization of the world. The world should be understood as a text. Second, since everything is understood as a text, the subject exists within the text. Moreover, the subject is absorbed by the text. A person appears as a set of different identities that are tied to one or another local-cultural condition or socio-political context. Third, postmodernism is characterized by disillusionment with the ideals of the Enlightenment. In particular, the Reason is not believed in any more, causal relationships and absolute values are denied. Fourth, the postmodernist discourse is principally anti-fundamental, it is not interested in substantial unity and ultimate (metaphysical) causes but in decentralized, scattered sets - differences. Fifth, an important place in the modern postmodern discourse belongs to the theory of simulacrum.A simulacrum is a product of simulation, which replaces the real world with an imaginary one but which is more acceptable for a person as a real one. A simulacrum produces (simulates) a similarity but only as an external effect. Its internal principle is the difference, due to which it eludes of identity, similarity, likeness. It destroys the sample and multiplies the copies so that it is not possible any longer to tell where the copy is and where the original is. Simulacra give rise to the phenomenon of masses. Masses are defined as the silent majority, a black hole absorbing social aspects. The masses gravitate toward a physical and static form, which is simultaneously non-social and supra-social.Conclusions of the research. It is concluded that postmodernism brings about new ways of understanding social and political reality since it offers own type of rationality. Based on the postmodern discourse, a characteristic basic semantic toolkit arises as a feature of semantic wars: the simulation, that is the creation of simulacra – missing reality images that lack originality and that are superficial, hyper-realistic objects that do not have any reality behind them; reinterpretation of events and phenomena of reality; the coverage of not just one segment of the population but the general public; more interest that does not focus on a fact but on its rethinking, the creation of an apparatus for rejecting own “incorrect” interpretations.

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Epifani poetike të I. Kadaresë ose sprovë mbi një tipologji të mundshme të vendit poetik të ëndrrës

Author(s): Ermir Xhindi / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 38.2/2019

The aim of this work is the study, on the narrative poetics level, according to the reader's response, of the nature of the relationships on the fictional structure between the Dream as an isotopic closed unit, with the text as an opened one, dynamic and isotopic body. In our view, as the elaborated version of the merging of traditional post-structuralism with the phenomenological instance of structural meaning constructed by the reader, The Dream as a poetic unit, stands in front of the text, just as the word stands in the front of its explanation in the vocabulary. In its relationship with The Dream the text becomes embezzlement, displacement, conventional expansion of The Dream, its cultural interpretation through non-individual mechanisms, it expresses itself as a tension between the fictional necessity to produce coherence with the structure’s balanced build-up, that is, the relativization of The Dream, which naturally tends to acquire the authority of the symbolic structure of the text. But, first of all, on what indicators The Dream is defined, where is the place of The Dream in the structure, what are the functional relationships The Dream is implicated with, what kind of dialectics does it lead to? In this perspective, with this research, conducted through a critical instrument based on the theoretical model of the Possible Reader, in the story of ‘Forgetting a Woman' by I. Kadare, we have tried to define the initiation of a possible poetic typology of The Dream’s place in the texts of this author.

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Što je to metapolitika?

Author(s): Marijan Krivak / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 03/2005

What is metapolitics? This is the question which calls to account another one, more fundamental: what is ‘politics’? Politics is that what is missing. General politisation on phenomenal-media level overcasts the fact that there is no real politics at ali! This article has emerged as a consequence of the author’s reading of a book Proces zapadu (A Trial to the West) by Croatian philosopher Mario Kopić, with indicative subtitle Metapolitical Essays, and tries to follow that very direction. His book belongs to rare, therefore more precious efforts in our close environment - of »re-thinking« politics. According to him, metapolitical way of approaching matters is emphasized today by reflecting the development of Western society at the break of a new millennium. Slavoj Žižek is detecting the place of metapolitics. He finds it in a framework of so called marxist (i.e. utopian-socialist) paradigm. Therefore, political conflict is completely uncovered. But, unfortunately, just as a theater of shadows, where the events are played which real place is on the Other scene (the one of economical processes). According to Dean Komel, metapolitics is that which follows from metaphysics as culture of philosophy, in transgressing into philosophy of culture. Finally, A Trial to the West must end with a call for its roots: culture and philosophy. That is possible with a help of metapolitics. This metapolitics is a code-name for metaphysics. The world we live in, according the author of the article, is not a physical phenomenon, cause then it would be unbearable. It is metaphysical, if it has a sense at all, and if the human is transgressive being, who longs for justice, truth and freedom.

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Cyborg or Goddess? Religion and Posthumanism From Secular to Postsecular

Author(s): Elaine Graham / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

This article works on the premise that critical posthumanism both exposes and calls into question the criteria by which Western modernity has defined the boundaries between nature, humanity, and technology. Yet the religious, cultural and epistemological developments of what is known as the ‘postsecular’ may signal a further blurring of another set of distinctions characteristic of modernity: between sacred and secular, belief and non-belief. Using Donna Haraway’s famous assertion that she would ‘rather be a cyborg than a goddess’, I consider whether critical posthumanism’s valorisation of cyborg identities is also capable of negotiating this ‘final frontier’ between immanence and transcendence, secular and sacred, humanity and divinity. In essence: is there space for a religious dimension to visions of the posthuman?

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Chinese Kung-fu Films and the Posthuman Daoism

Author(s): Wong Kin Yuen / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

This paper argues that Chinese- Kung-fu films are unique presentations of human movement as a system of bodily aesthetics. By adopting a Daoist aesthetics of yin-yang cosmology, martial artists perform the dictum by Zhuanzi’s “The myriad things come out of ji and go into ji”, with the character ji as some kind of the Deleuzian “desiring machine”. There we see a human-technicality convergence as characterized by a posthuman merger within the process of complex visuality, particularly presented through the cinematic form. Kung-fu performance on screen, therefore, affords a kind of natural cyborg intersectionality within what can be called a posthuman Daoism, a kind of commingling of the ancient and posthuman technics.

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Zapożyczenia w słownictwie wyścigów konnych w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym (na podstawie czasopisma „Jeździec i Hodowca”)

Author(s): Milena Wojtyńska-Nowotka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 04/2021

This paper represents the stream of structuralist research and has been dedicated to discussing a selected portion of the sports vocabulary of the interwar period. On the basis of the „Jeździec i hodowca” (“Rider and breeder”) magazine, foreign words present in the horse-racing vocabulary have been analysed. The research concentrates on describing the chronology and genetics of the borrowings, their registration in selected lexicographic sources, and the thematic circles they represent. The conclusion of this paper indicates that a large portion of the vocabulary borrowed from horse races was not stabilized and was subject to adaptation to the Polish language system in the selected period.

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Sladami Yakova Malkiela: etymologia z tekstem, tekst z kontekstem

Author(s): Przemysław Łozowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 32/2020

A critical appraisal is attempted of the three structurally-designated theses that are typically voiced in relation to what etymology is and what it consists in: (i) etymology is diachronic in scope, (ii) etymology involves the reconstruction of protoforms and proto-senses, and (iii) etymology is based on the earliest possible attestations. The examination is guided and motivated by Yakov Malkiel’s etymological research as well as by selected studies of the Lublin-based cognitive ethnolinguists. It is, then, concluded that etymological investigations are more likely to be productive and successful if (i) the temporal perspective employed is that of panchrony, not of the diachronysynchrony distinction, (ii) the reconstruction aims at identifying ways of cross-generational conceptualisation (mentalities), rather than original forms, and (iii) the examination includes the whole of the historical spectrum of attestations, not just earliest records. This all leads to a full appreciation of the kind of etymology that feeds on texts, not words or lexemes, and on cognitive and experiential contexts, not on purely linguistic abstractions.

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Trauma and the Victim Economy

Author(s): Sergey Troitskiy / Language(s): English Issue: 83/2021

The history of the twentieth century is filled with examples of mass murder and destruction of entire nations. Survivors of those traumatic events have horrific memories, which cannot be compared to anything that may happen in the course of an ordinary quiet life. However, coping strategies for overcoming the consequences of such traumatic experience were also developed in the twentieth century. It was made possible by conceptualisation of trauma as a cultural and psychological phenomenon at the level of theory and practice in various sciences. Introduction of this concept into the flesh and blood of modern (popular) culture, or rather its inclusion in the fabric of everyday cultural practices, transformed the concept of trauma into a mechanism of culture. Trauma developed into a concept, as we know it, because it functioned as one of the cultural clichés of the era, according to which economics, politics, science, literature, etc., are built. Of course, mass exterminations of people took place even before the twentieth century; however, they were not interpreted as historical traumas as we interpret them now because, firstly, a sense of distance from the event was not developed, which is characteristic of traumatic interpretation, and, secondly, the narratives corresponded to other cultural clichés (typical of those epochs), which served as the basis for political mechanics, economic processes, etc. This article identifies the main features characterising the functioning of trauma as a cultural mechanism. This objective is achieved by appealing to political economy and Baudrillard’s and Derrida’s critique of the victim order. In this study the term “loss” is used as an umbrella term for various traumatic constructs, such as the victim and the trauma itself. They are characterised as objects of a credit relationship between subjects (both individual and collective), according to which the victim (trauma) construct could be described as a debt obligation that must be fulfilled by paying off a symbolic debt. The study identifies all the acting forces (parties) in the trauma construct, which give form to this construct. The author draws attention to the spatial (topographical) accent of the traumatic narrative, as well as to the necessity of toponymic localisation of the active forces in space.

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Porodica protiv države: političko i politika u Hegelovoj filozofiji

Author(s): Bernard Harbaš,Majda Turkić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 01+02/2021

This article analyses Hegel’s understanding of the relation between state and individual in the Greek tragedy Antigone. Main concern of this article is the relation between two laws: human, which protects interests of a community and which is represented by Creon and law of God, which protects family and is represented by Antigone. Namely, according to the law of God, member of a family must be buried with dignity and that is, according to Hegel, one of the fundamental family duties. Sphere of human law belongs to a man who is in charge of taking care of the community’s well-being, whereas sphere of the law of God belongs to a woman who is to take care of the family. Creon forbade Polynices’ dignified burial because of which he entered the conflict with Antigone, who strived to bury her brother with dignity at any cost and to enable him thus to remain member of the polis. By questioning Creon’s decisions, Antigone disrupted masculinized system of political governance and showed that the significance of democratic acting does not only lay in the governance of the majority, but also in conflict and resistance. By confirming Polynices’ position and resisting valid laws of the polis, through her decisions she demonstrated to be equal member of the polis.

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