We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
Termín „filozofia mysle" sa začal používať v anglicky hovoriacom svete v päťdesiatych rokoch tohto storočia prevažne na označenie diskusií iniciovaných priekopníckou knihou Gilberta Ryla The Concept of Mind, ktorá vyšla v r. 1944.
More...
Dla współczesnej pragmatycznej kultury bezużyteczność stała się grzechem. Tymczasem w gęstym doświadczeniu życia nie ma rzeczy i czynów zbędnych. Swój potencjał, wiedzę i skarb niosą również brud, nuda, odpadki.
More...
Pet je tačaka u kojima je empirizam bio unapređen tokom protekla dva veka. Prva je prelazak sa ideja na reči. Druga je prebacivanje semantičkog interesovanja sa izraza na rečenice. Treća je prebacivanje semantičkog interesovanja sa rečenica na sisteme rečenica. Četvrta je, kako ju je opisao Morton Vajt (Morton White), metodološki monizam: napuštanje dualizma analitičko-sintetičko. Peta je naturalizam: napuštanje ideje o prvoj filozofiji koja bi imala prioritet u odnosu na prirodne nauke. U nastavku ću podrobnije razmotriti svaku od ovih pet tačaka.
More...
The article discusses the social responsibility of scientists in the context of practical work. Knowledge has a major role, both in the development of an individual and of society as a whole. Today’s society is a society of knowledge. Knowledge cannot evolve separately from information. The amount and quality of information depends to a large extent on its processing by artificial intelligence. The involvement of knowledge in the field of artificial intelligence is not possible without critical thinking. A knowledge society is not perceived without the involvement of researchers. They are the ones who promote and develop scientific knowledge. This type of knowledge is found in all areas of society.
More...
In this paper I discuss how the need for defining truth in a political context retains its importance even in the light of the insistence from political realists that such attempts will necessarily fail.1 I mention two debates in the political philosophy that intersect at this issue. The first is the dispute between those who, like Rawls, adhere to epistemic agnosticism and deny that we can have an operational definition of truth in politics and those who, following Habermas, argue that our political propositions always have truth values. The second debate is that between political moralists and political realists. I then try to show why both realists and moralists need to amend their views in order to fully take into account the complexities of the political domain. Moralists need to recognize that the realists are correct in denying the effective applicability of general moral principles, while realists err in thinking that moral principles in politics must only be general in nature. By incorporating the possibility of particularism in politics we can also find the plausible candidate for the operational view of the concept of truth – the pragmatist conception as elucidated by William James. This can then help us develop more meta-political cognitivism more fully and apply it to a wide range of issues in political philosophy, one of the most important being the efficacy of deliberative democracy.
More...
The aim of this study is to compare the different understandings of truth provided by Donald Davidson and Richard Rorty. First we will show how these philosophers criticise traditional notions of truth. We will then examine why Rorty’s understanding of truth is a version of the deflationary understanding of truth. On the other hand, we will see that Davidson finds the basis for his understanding of truth in the theory of truth offered by Tarski. While considering their views on the concept of truth we will take into account their different metaphilosophical motivations. Finally, it will be shown that Davidson, unlike Rorty, accepts a realistic understanding of the truth in a more decisive way.
More...
In this paper I defend non-intentional conception of self-deception. First, I’ll make clear distinction between deceiving, lying, and deluding. Then, taking Cartesian metodological project as an example, I'll make a distinction between self induced deception and selfdeception. To identify fenomenon of self-deception I rely on early experimental evidence and so called paradoxes of self-deception. I will explain in detali two main apraches to the problem of self-deception, one of which is intentional, and the other one is non-intentional. In this context I will try to explain why I believe that self-deception has to be non-intentional.
More...
In diesem Aufsatz wird pragmatistische Sicht von Wahrheit betrachtet, wie diese im klassischen Pragmatismus (James, Pierce) eingeleitet worden ist. Im Mittelpunkt der Untersuchung steht hierbei die Frage nach einem angemessenen Wahrheitskriterium, d.h. die Frage nach der Brauchbarkeit von Feststellungen ueber die erfolgreiche Anwendung unserer Annahmen, Ueberzeugungen, Ideen ... als Indiz ihrer Richtigkeit. Aufgrund einer kritischen Analyse werden die eigentuemlichen Grenzen dieses Kriteriums aufgezeigt, zugleich aber auch die Moeglichkeit seiner Beibehaltung im Rahmen eines aufgelockerten und breiteren Verstaendnisses bestaetigt, wo bei die anhaltende Bewaehrung von Annahmen innerhalb intersubjektiver Praxis eine zentrale Rolle spielt.
More...
The paper presents ‘argumentation’ as a typological concept defined in terms of the theories of speech acts and conversational strategies. In the first part, we discuss historical attempts to define argumentation as a speech act and present issues concerning the role of linguistic indicators, felicity conditions, the com plexity of speech acts, and their classification. In the second part, we present argumentation as an element of conversational strategy and macro-strategy. The proposed approach enables capturing argumentation as a phenomenon that functions at different levels of complexity of an utterance and conversation. On the one hand, this allows us to expose the interdisciplinary character of the phenomenon itself, which is the subject of interest of rhetoric, logic, psychology, and linguistics, and on the other, to establish argumentation as the subject of interest of linguistics in the strict sense.
More...
The article discusses the problem of scientific progress in the contemporary philosophy of science, which is most often understood as the development of science associated with the pursuit of discovering the truth. The stance of Philip S. Kitcher, one of the most famous and influential contemporary philosophers of science, is presented. His considerations deepen the issue mentioned in the article’s title, primarily by expanding the scope of this topic. Thus, Kitcher’s considerations represent currently effective model of the philosophy of science, which describes and explains research strategies but does not formulate methodological norms.
More...
The subject of this article is the closeness of Lorenc’s philosophical Weltanschauung and pragmatism. Starting from the analysis of the pragmatic understanding of usefulness of philosophical ideas and theories, taking William James as one of its representatives, this article sheds new light on Lorenc’s Weltanschauung of “partial rationalism”. The goal is to make explicit a subjectivist thesis which is shared both by James’ pragmatism and Lorenc’s philosophical standpoint. Furthermore, introducing as an analytical tool Lukacs’ critical notion of modern irrationalism, that includes pragmatism, this paper underlies the affinity of Lorenc’s philosophical teaching towards fundamental philosophical and ideological suppositions of James’ pragmatism.
More...
The Estonian philosopher Rein Vihalemm (1938–2015) wished to reform realism in the philosophy of science. He was dissatisfied with the mainstream analytic philosophy of science—scientific realism and the various anti-realisms alike. He considered these approaches theory-driven and hence too distanced from actual scientific practice. His alternative, which he called practical realism, was inspired and influenced by Joseph Rouse’s original reading of Thomas Kuhn. Moreover, Vihalemm viewed as important some lessons from Marxism, which was prevalent in Estonian philosophy during the Soviet occupation. For him, Marx himself inaugurated practical realism with his novel notion of practice that does not consider agency distinct from nature. He also mentions Kant, interpreted in a realistic manner, as a significant influence for his thesis that concepts only apply to practice. In this article, I will critically examine practical realism from the standpoint of classical pragmatism. My primary question is: what kind of realism practical realism can possibly be.
More...
In this article, I elucidate the ways in which pragmatism and existentialism can be viewed as compatible by focusing on the notion of truth. For this purpose, I explore James’ pragmatic method and Nietzsche’s critical approach to ‘will to truth’ to reveal the notable link between them. Both thinkers react against the idea of truth as absolute, fixed, and indifferent to individuals’ practical needs. Accordingly, they argue that truth, conceived pre-theoretically, is a process immanent to subjects’ concrete experiences of life. I critically examine, through pragmatic and existentialistic considerations, how these philosophers question truth within the framework of the individual’s existence as an acting agent.
More...
In this article, I will argue against the so-called anti-philosophical realism, by opposing it the metaphysical bedrock of Hegel's idealism, namely the primitive of absolute negativity, a central concept in Hegel's work. By acknowledging, enlarging and exploring firstly the normative pragmatics and the modally-enriched empiricism of Robert Brandom, then, secondly, the active comportment of self-relating thought as a description of doing in Cirulli's work and, thirdly and equally important, the interaction method as a link between semantics and syntax in Negarestani, I formulate an argument so as to envision the intertwining between thought and praxis. The key-concepts of commitment, endorsement, and responsibility are the constellation of ideas through which we can encompass what Hegel meant by affirming the truth of absolute knowledge, namely the fact that experience is simultaneously actual and objective, and the only absolute "object" is precisely the concept of subjective rationality. The revised fusion between ideas and actions means conceptually revised praxis and practically validated ideas, an occasion of continuous bi-directional determination and reciprocal integration of the two terms, or an asymptotic fusion which constitutes rational beings as implacable seekers of rational elaborations.
More...
The article is devoted to selected new trends in metaethics, ethics, political philosophy, and the practice of philosophy with the use of artificial intelligence. It consists of five parts. In the first part, I analyze the meaning of the question about new trends in analytical philosophy. In the second part, I present the latest trends in metaethics. In the third part, I briefly characterize the ethics of artificial intelligence. The fourth part, devoted to political philosophy, includes a presentation of the latest publications on meritocracy. The article concludes with considerations about practicing philosophy in the age of artificial intelligence.
More...
The paper analyzes the functions of particles in the Croatian and Polish languages, listed in Croatian and Polish dictionaries and grammars. Concrete particles are precisely compared at different levels of grammar and pragmatics. It is concluded that particles are the 'tenth part of words' although they are expressed by known parts of words (adverbs, adverbial pronouns, exclamations, conjunctions and some verb forms), but their main function is pragmatic (emotional, modulatory and dialogical).
More...
This paper proposes a cognitive-semiotic approach to aesthetics to understand aesthetic emotion and its relation to the process of producing and valorizing art. The core argument presented is that the emotional aspects of aesthetic experience are integral to the processes of evaluation and meaning-making and that this interplay significantly influences individuals’ engagement with art, highlighting the importance of these dimensions in the overall experience.Therefore, the initial step in my approach is to illustrate that the process of meaning-making is significantly influenced by our active participation, as well as our interpretation and understanding of our own emotions and those of others. I intend to demonstrate that throughout this process, empathy is a vital component of the reciprocal interaction between the viewer and the artwork. In this regard, I will explore various concepts related to empathy, focusing on aesthetic empathy. Additionally, I will emphasize the correlation between aesthetic experiences and everyday life, explaining how a work of art can effectively mirror the core of daily life through a semiotic narrative practice. I believe that by exploring these narratives more thoroughly, we can achieve a deeper, empathetic understanding of both the artist and the artwork and that this understanding can lead to explicit and implicit responses to the artwork, ultimately shaping our overall attitude toward it. Hence, I will conclude that our aesthetic experiences provide us with opportunities to actively explore aspects of our narrative selves, which might help us understand how these experiences significantly change our relationship with ourselves and the social context we are a part of.
More...
In diesem Text wird zuerst Heideggers Verständnis des Wahrheitsproblems in Sein und Zeit behandelt (I), dann folgt die Erörterung von der phänomenologischen Begründung des Wahrheitsphänomens (II) und am Ende wird im Hinblick auf einige gegenwärtige Interpre- tationen von Heideggers Wahrheitsbegriff (C. F. Gethmann, F. W. von Herrmann, E. Tugendhat) gezeigt, worin der pragmatisch-hermeneutische Kern von Wahrheitsproblem in Heideggers Philosophie von Sein und Zeit und Marburger Vorlesungen Prolegomena zur Geschichte des Zeitbegriffs (1925) und Logik. Die Frage nach der Wahrheit (1925/26) besteht (III) aber auch, worin die Distinktion zwischen weiterem und enegerem Sinn des Pragmatischen in Heideggers früher Philosophie besteht (IV).
More...
This paper presents an analysis of Rescher’s conception of the mode of structuring and operation of human rationality, which Rescher approaches from a historical-philosophical, logical, and semantic matrix. The aim of this research is to explore the specific features of Rescher’s analysis of rationality through the lens of the instability of optimality and the calculus of risk, which emerge as essential presuppositions of his research. Rationality, understood in this context, has a threefold manifestation: as a procedural matrix, as a modus operandi, and as potential and materialization. This paper, drawing on Rescher’s original works and other relevant sources from the tradition of pragmatism, will explore his approach to this topic with a focus on what Rescher terms the instability of optimality and the calculus of risk.
More...
In this paper my aim is to offer a philosophical reconstruction of the transition from the concept of deterministic system to that of systems far from equilibrium, simultaneously with the change of the framework of presuppositions specific to a deterministic metaphysics with that of a probabilistic metaphysics. The "naturalization" of the system concept has led scientists to be concerned with identifying and describing socalled natural systems. The deepening and expansion of research, first in physics, by moving from mechanics to thermodynamics, then by moving from the physical world to the living world and to society, brought into focus the concept of a self-regulating system, later on that of a system far from equilibrum. This is how we arrived at the analysis of irreversible, non-linear processes, characterized by bifurcations and restructuring. Contemporary science has assimilated this new conceptual scheme that provides good epistemological guidance in complexity research.
More...
