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Proiecția imaginară a femeii în spații paralele în povestirile lui Vasile Voiculescu

Proiecția imaginară a femeii în spații paralele în povestirile lui Vasile Voiculescu

Author(s): Iuliana Voroneanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 11/2020

Fantastic literature creates parallel universes, the real world coexisting with an imaginary one. Parallel, possible worlds can no longer be realistically described, the concept of observation suffering a crisis following the popularization of quantum physics theories, including the uncertainty principle leading to relativization, depending on measuring instruments and the researcher's method.In his choice for William James's pragmatism, which made observation dependent on the observer’s interests (which does not even fall within his sphere of interest), Vasile Voiculescu found confirmation in the relativism and scientific skepticism of the New Physics.V. Voiculescu’s stories suggest that the world and life are constructions of the individual’s consciousness, which includes mythical-magical thinking and the archetypes of the collective unconscious. The fear of the unknown in a hostile nature, the state of uneasiness caused by cosmic terror generates the fantastic. A structured complex of superhuman desires appears, a strong psychological conflict, intense feelings of the characters situated between two worlds, between the possibility and the impossibility to satisfy the desire of returning to their origins. Rejecting the human condition and history, these characters try to escape. They become entities of “coincidentia oppositorum”, they advance through narrative scenarios, seemingly without a meaning. However, these female characters try to decode the meanings, to access the sacred and build a parallel world, another version of the everyday, profane, meaningless world.Voiculescu describes the deformations, the rejection of patterns, the irrationality of the characters who live under the sign of illusion, in a disjunction me/ universe, me/ the other reality.

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ПЕРЕТВОРЕННЯ ПРАВА:  ПОГЛЯД З ПОЗИЦІЇ КОМУНІКАТИВНОЇ ТЕОРІЇ

ПЕРЕТВОРЕННЯ ПРАВА: ПОГЛЯД З ПОЗИЦІЇ КОМУНІКАТИВНОЇ ТЕОРІЇ

Author(s): Bjarne Melkevik / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 4/2020

Problem setting. The author examines the theory of communicative action developed by the German philosopher Jürgen Habermas and analyses its relevance for legal thinking. He claims that the theory of communicative action can be both fruitful for understanding the legal phenomena in modern pluralistic societies and for explaining and justifying legal transformations and legal changes.Recent research and publication analysis. The study of the above-mentioned problem is carried out at metatheoretic level in consideration of the author's arguments about the theoretical model for understanding legal transformations and the impossibility of a theory of a descriptive nature. This study is based on a broad philosophical and legal argumentation in order to present the communicative model as a high-yielding and open model of legal thought.Paper’s objective: The author finds it appropriate to outline the main lines of Habermas’s views about social transformation and communication and to take into account the conclusions that can be drawn from them in the realm of legal philosophy, legal theory and legal thinking in general. One of the aims of this paper is to draw attention to the works of the philosopher Jurgen Habermas and to the importance of establishing a wide social and argumentative dialogue as well as an “argumentative culture”. Paper’s main body. The author proceeds from the fact that Habermas's theory, based on the theory of communicative action, or simply the communicative model, can be beneficial for the investigation of how we think about legal transformation and changes in the legal domain. In this regard the author analyses and investigates the needs of modern pluralistic societies to theoretically explain and justify legal transformations. Based on these goals, the article explores the implementation of legal transformations on a rational basis.The author's aim is focused on the analysis of law in modern societies in the form perceived theoretically by Habermas. The article shows that Habermas has a two-sided concept of law, which allows him to accurately articulate the problem of law transformation. The theoretical problem is approched by analysing the formation of law based on legal texts that have received social meta-significance.Conclusions of the research. Habermas's emphasis on the importance of the life-world teaches us that the rules of action regulated by legal prescriptions are not transformed arbitrarily, solely by "free will". With this understanding, law is a project of "living together", reproduced from the common foundation of the life-world. This should inspire legal scholars to understand the law in a way that inspire caution when assessing the observance of tradition in the perspective of cultural renewal.

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Overcoming Substantivism-Determinism with Pragmatist Philosophy of Technology

Overcoming Substantivism-Determinism with Pragmatist Philosophy of Technology

Author(s): Ahti-Veikko Pietarinen / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

Carl Sagan (1990) famously lamented how “we live in a society exquisitely dependent on science and technology, in which hardly anyone knows about science and technology. This is a clear prescription for disaster”. One might add that in contemporary societies, people know about the philosophy of science and technology even less. This tends to include scientific experts just as well. Is this a prescription for disaster? Scientific and technological literacy alone will not salvage us from ourselves for the simple reason that “science, by itself, does not supply us with an ethic” (Russell, 1993[1950], p. 406). Any clarity concerning the value and the meaning of these terms can only be had after one has thoroughly examined the deep networks of causes, influences and their general implications that hide behind superficially observable phenomena produced by technological innovations. [...]

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ПРО ПЕРЕТВОРЕННЯ ПРАВА В КОНТЕКСТІ КОМУНІКАТИВНОЇ ТЕОРІЇ

ПРО ПЕРЕТВОРЕННЯ ПРАВА В КОНТЕКСТІ КОМУНІКАТИВНОЇ ТЕОРІЇ

Author(s): Bjarne Melkevik / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2021

The author analyses the contribution of Jürgen Habermas as an open model of legal thought. He focuses more specifically on the question of the transformation of law as«anchored» in democratic legitimacy and therefore to be understood from the life world of concrete individuals. The author emphasizes that Habermas seeks to democratically stabilize «legality and legitimacy» to protect them from all undemocratic usurpation. The author stresses the «social validity» that accompanies all public discourse and the perspective of democracy obtained by speaking out at the level of a multitude of social«procedures». It is through practical discussions that we can «test» the normative proposals to better assess their «meanings and validity», their «cognitivity and universality», their«usefulness («interest») and (conceivable) consensus». The author analyses these six bodies of thought in detail to identify the meaning of habermasian thought concerning the democratic transformation of the law. He insists that the transformation of the law is«tested» in society from the bottom up in order to create, as much as possible, the broadest possible social consensus concerning «law». In the end, the law attests to our ability to live together.

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Epistemological Questions for a Speculative Pragmatist

Epistemological Questions for a Speculative Pragmatist

Author(s): Ties van Gemert / Language(s): English Issue: 24/2021

This essay will engage in a critical dialogue with Massumi’s concept of speculative pragmatism by reconstructing and interrogating the epistemology and metaphysics it presupposes. First, we will narrate and explicate the metaphysics embedded in the philosophy of speculative pragmatism. Secondly, we will recapitulate Massumi’s conceptualization of speculative pragmatism in his book Semblance and Event (2011). Our reading of this book will lead us to argue that speculative pragmatism can be reformulated as a philosophy of panperceptionism. The essay will end with some remarks and questions that aim to challenge the epistemology and metaphysics of speculative pragmatism. We will focus on Massumi’s synthesizing of the subject-object distinction, his theory of judgement, and his deflationary notion of truth.

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Those Who Want to Play: Pursuing Animal Politics in Upbringing and Education

Those Who Want to Play: Pursuing Animal Politics in Upbringing and Education

Author(s): / Language(s): English Issue: 24/2021

Education is based on intergenerational divisions into the separate worlds of childhood, adulthood, and seniority which educational scientists further divide into even smaller stages. In this paper, in order to problematize the defined modalities of the existence of a child, an adult, and an elderly individual, I will prompt the rooted opinion that play is characteristic of childhood, while the game is typical of later stages. I intend to find in the human lifespan the moments when, after childhood, an adult abandons to play, and to propose the manners of overcoming the intergenerational differences in formal education as a field for surpassing the given in the entanglement of education and life. To surpass the given is extremely important at a time when education is instrumentalized. One of the ways the human can surpass the given is if they extract from play the principle which Massumi calls ludic expressionesqueness that is not immediately noticeable and that has the potential to reinvigorate both educational practices and life itself. Finally, I will examine theories of education and educational practices to see if they have strengths they can rely on in inspiring ethico-aesthetic practices of becoming with the world.

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Between Control and More-than-Human Events: The Listening Experience in the Light of Speculative Pragmatism

Between Control and More-than-Human Events: The Listening Experience in the Light of Speculative Pragmatism

Author(s): Henrique Souza Lima / Language(s): English Issue: 24/2021

This paper presents an investigation into the relationship between listening and power in the context of information warfare through the theoretical framework of speculative pragmatism. The main objective is to investigate the possibility of thinking of the listening activity as a particular act of thought through the concepts of lived abstraction and subjectless individuation. For doing this, the first part of the article describes the relationship of reciprocal presupposition between current online information warfare and the production of a subjectivity tied to a narcissistic regime of subjection. The second part of this article describes the concept of lived abstraction, such as elaborated by philosopher Brian Massumi. The third part of this article consists of investigating the epistemological core of speculative pragmatism through Deleuze and Guattari’s concept of subjectless individuation, particularly the individuation of an event. In the last part, we speculate a possible understanding of listening as an act of thought that is potentially articulated outside the noological register of narcissism through the appreciation of a mode of artistic operation that work in a way of designing listening experiences.

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The Tales of Death and Kindergarten: Becoming in Dark Encounters [COVID-19 Edition]

The Tales of Death and Kindergarten: Becoming in Dark Encounters [COVID-19 Edition]

Author(s): Nevena Mitranić / Language(s): English Issue: 24/2021

For speculative pragmatism, aesthetics is an ethical practice of becoming with the world. Considering educational practice, we might say just the same. But an educational practice is not ethico-aesthetical by its nature – the challenge is to think and live it in an ethico-aesthetical manner. Acceptance of this conclusion goes easily with stressed importance of vitality, movement and creativity of thought – but what about death? Is death even allowed in educational practice? As this paper is written during the emergence of a pandemic, the question goes even further: could education and aesthetics even be of any concern if the danger of death “do us part”? This paper was meant to unfold between memories from an ethnography research in kindergarten and resonate concepts from affect theories – but it exploded unpredictably in resonance with the COVID-19 outburst. Yet, it remained an attempt to tackle the haunting feeling left behind from ‘dark’ encounters with different appearances of death. Hopefully, an encounter with this paper might open a crack in the understanding of educational practice, as well as this moment in history, as a much-needed place for patience and rethinking of the human endeavor as a work of art.

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From Polyphasic Latency to Polyrhythmic Concretion: Rhythm and Relation in Simondon and Whitehead

From Polyphasic Latency to Polyrhythmic Concretion: Rhythm and Relation in Simondon and Whitehead

Author(s): Vinícius Portella Castro / Language(s): English Issue: 24/2021

Is it possible to conceive of a conciliation between the relational ontologies of Simondon and Whitehead? The similarities between their work are evident, but so are the disparities. Simondon is perhaps the most rigorous physicalist of the 20th century; Whitehead offered us a strange energetic or sentimental idealism, thoroughly concrete in its actualization, but involving a God and a host of eternal objects. With the aid of the work of Brian Massumi, Luciana Parisi and Steve Goodman, I will try to argue that Simondon and Whitehead both offer rhythmic ontologies, although not quite explicitly. Whitehead generalizes subjectivity throughout all scales, Simondon generalizes the notion of individuation for all scales. The two strategies are radically distinct, but I believe both gestures could be understood as a sort of radically-pluralist panchronism. Being is resonance and feeling for Whitehead, a cosmic actualization of the divine appetition of God, whereas for Simondon being is the amplification of internal resonance. For both philosophers, the rhythms that precede us entrain us throughout all scales. Finally, in this context, a brief understanding of African polyrhythms will be presented as a possible prototype for the collective emergence of complexity from a plurality of durations.

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How to Make Your Child Sleep: Designing Rhetorical Experiences

How to Make Your Child Sleep: Designing Rhetorical Experiences

Author(s): Matthew Newcomb / Language(s): English Issue: 24/2021

I might give a variety of logical reasons to help my daughter sleep: being tired from swimming, that a sore leg will feel better, or that she will need lots of energy to play with friends. Consequences can be an argument too, like the loss of a stuffed animal if there are any more non-emergency calls for parents before morning. I might even pull out some sort of shameless (and ineffective) ethos-based plea about being the parent and knowing what is best for her. Rhetorical persuasion is a concatenation of moments and forces that are experienced as a unit – a unit with a persuasive quality to it or that creates new directions for speech and action. Similarly, rhetoric can also be understood as the production or design of those experiences. The design is always partial, as no one can control an experience, but the addition, removal, arrangement, and use of elements for the purpose of creating a particular quality of experience is an important rhetorical act. This design-oriented production of rhetorical experiences is a way of focusing on the human agents within a material rhetoric context that avoids relegating the non-human and the non-linguistic to the background. This paper brings design further into the discussion of rhetoric, adds a design-based angle to new materialism, theorizes rhetoric as an experience, considers John Dewey’s notion of experience and Brian Massumi’s work on affect in light of design and material rhetoric, and (of course) to help parents set up their children for a wonderful night’s rest.

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Processual Creativity and Partial Incorporations

Processual Creativity and Partial Incorporations

Author(s): Diego Gil / Language(s): English Issue: 24/2021

Brian Massumi and Félix Guattari conceptualize the creative processual force of life that shapes the passages from the potential to the actual dimensions of experience. Throughout these passages, bodies, environments and their relational modes of felt perception crystallize into form. What the conceptual vocabulary of Massumi and Guattari offers is a tool box to register the processual creative forces that are predetermined towards a coming into shape of a body-environment (subjectivity), as well as to take into account the forces deflecting from capture. The relevancy of their concepts is in that they index the more-than-human operations of the forces that shape the production of subjectivity: their concepts express the forces that by being potential and more-than concrete are beyond registering of individual human consciousness. Considering that subjectivity is produced through the potential ingression of partial incorporations – brewing of body-time-spaces – this paper is a proposition to think-feel the entanglements of process philosophy and somatic practices. Moreover, having in mind that processual creativity is a force distributed beyond the human, it needs to be as well thought as an autonomous doing ‘of’ the world. Therefore, the concepts offered by Massumi and Guattari overspill the disciplinary containment of the art disciplines and become an ethico-aesthetic paradigm ‘of’ the world, one in which the resistance to the capture of the production of subjectivity goes hand in hand with the invention of ways to think-feel how bodies and environments become.

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Becoming Animal of Philosophy: Pragmatism, Pragrammatology, Speculative Pragmatism

Becoming Animal of Philosophy: Pragmatism, Pragrammatology, Speculative Pragmatism

Author(s): Anthony Reynolds / Language(s): English Issue: 24/2021

I argue that American pragmatism can be understood as an effort to recuperate a sense of the animality of thought and thus as an example of what Deleuze and Guattari call a “becoming animal” within the field of philosophy. At issue in this becoming animal of pragmatism is the influence of Charles Peirce’s theory of abduction on the history of pragmatism from its origins to its more recent reception within Jacques Derrida’s (pra)grammatology and Brian Massumi’s speculative pragmatism. Predicated on the evolutionary notion that animal instinct is the source of language, thought, and inquiry, Peirce’s theory of creative inference, or “abduction” as he called it, has allowed generations of pragmatists to begin “shaking philosophy’s dust off their feet and following the call of the wild” (James); to recognize in the origin of their thought something like “the movements of a wild creature toward its goal” (Dewey); to define intellectual inquiry as “doing what comes naturally” (Fish), and to pursue such inquiry “without method” (Rorty). Emerging under the ostensible heading of a new “humanism”, pragmatism exceeds what Derrida calls “the anthropological limit” from the very start, relieving humanism of its exclusive claim to logocentrism by reinscribing the question if not the origin of the logos within the animal kingdom. Yet unlike Derrida, whose rejection of biological continuism in the name of difference prevents him from committing fully to the logic of abduction, Massumi is able to rehabilitate Peirce’s theory of abduction as the foundation for his speculative pragmatism as a result of his commitment to a processual ontology that rejects binary oppositions in favor of “disjunctive syntheses” and “zones of indiscernibility”.

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A Pragmatic Theory of Everyday Imposition of Words in an Anonymous Thirteenth-Century Commentary on De anima (MS Prague, Metropolitan Chapter, M. 80, ff. 54vA–55rB)

A Pragmatic Theory of Everyday Imposition of Words in an Anonymous Thirteenth-Century Commentary on De anima (MS Prague, Metropolitan Chapter, M. 80, ff. 54vA–55rB)

Author(s): Claudia Appolloni / Language(s): English Issue: 54/2021

The aim of this paper is to offer an edition of three anonymous questions on De anima II.8, contained in MS Prague, Metropolitan Chapter, M. 80, ff. 54vA– 55vB and dated 1250–1260. The text offers an original theory of the everyday imposition of words. To present it, I (i) analyze the contemporary question-commentaries on De anima II.8; (ii) I present the theory of everyday imposition by discussing the analogies with, and differences from, Bacon’s contemporary pragmatic theory; and (iii) I discuss the hypothesis of the attribution of the text to Roger Bacon.

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Wielokulturowość a nauka

Wielokulturowość a nauka

Author(s): Dorian Mączka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 61/2019

The plurality of cultural perspectives is currently an important topic in the media, politics, the social and political sciences, philosophy, ethics, and even aesthetics. It is not, however, commonly associated with science and epistemology. That being said, many discussions about relations between culture(s) and science(s) have taken place in various fields of sociology of knowledge and science studies. In this paper, I refer to these discussions and present two possible understandings of the relation between multiculturalism and science: multiculturalism in science and multiculturalism of science. Multiculturalism in science denotes cultural plurality amongst researchers, while the more controversial idea of multiculturalism of science refers to multiculturalism as a necessary condition for epistemic and scientific progress. Following the presentation of these concepts, I discuss objectivistic objections against incorporating cultural elements into discussions about the merits of science. On the other hand, I also point out some dubious and dangerous antiscientific claims of radical relativists. Finally, drawing on pragmatic premises, I present a methodological argument for the multiculturalism of science.

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Aphantasia and the Language of Imagination: A Wittgensteinian Exploration

Aphantasia and the Language of Imagination: A Wittgensteinian Exploration

Author(s): Mélissa Fox-Muraton / Language(s): English Issue: 55/2021

Congenital aphantasia, or the complete absence of mental imagery, is a topic that has recently aroused the interest of researchers in many fields including philosophy, psychology and cognitive sciences. While it is generally supposed that we all have rich mental lives full of imaged representations, estimates suggest 2-3% of the population may have never formed an image or seen ‘in the mind’s eye.’ This paper aims to address the scepticism surrounding aphantasia, the challenges in communicating about mental imagery, and the research methods used in cognitive sciences today through the lens of Wittgenstein’s philosophy. The paper argues that 1) communicating about mental imagery involves language games that persons with aphantasia may not be able to play (i.e., makes reference to expressions and concepts that are meaningless for them, such as ‘visualise,’ ‘form an image,’ etc.); 2) that as a consequence aphantasia, in present research, is only describable negatively (as lack or incapacity); 3) that rather than a cognitive or a psychological issue, aphantasia should be understood as a grammatical one; and 4) that we need to invent new language games in order to come to a better understanding of conditions such as aphantasia, and to be able to appreciate the rich diversity and variability of human experience.

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The Generalized Criterion of Relevance for Argument Evaluation

The Generalized Criterion of Relevance for Argument Evaluation

Author(s): Viktoriia Babiuk / Language(s): English Issue: 15/2021

The paper is devoted to the relevance criterion of argument evaluation within argumentation theory. Argument evaluation is a tool to avoid misunderstanding and misleading in argumentation — one of the most basic forms of human communications. The purpose of the paper is to outline the generalized relevance criterion, which involves the key relevance types proposed in different approaches to argumentation. Achieving this goal helps to give a clear answer to the question, “What is to be relevant within the argumentative communication?” The author proves that the key features of logical relevance, dialectical relevance, and audience relevance. It is compared these relevant types to answer the question, “Whether is it possible to integrate them into one generalized criterion of relevance?”

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Assessment Relativism and the Truth-Predicate

Assessment Relativism and the Truth-Predicate

Author(s): Henrik Sova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The purpose of this paper is to argue that assessment relativism entails the assessment-sensitivity of the sentential truth-predicate, but not of the propositional truth-predicate. The central idea of assessment relativism is that a single token claim evaluated within a single world can have different truth-values when considered in different contexts of assessment. John MacFarlane in Assessment Sensitivity: Relative Truth and its Applications (2014) and also Max Kölbel in the article ‘Global relativism and self-refutation’ (2011) have argued that this position leads to relativism about the propositional truth-predicate. I argue that this is not the case—it entails relativism only about the sentential truth-predicate.

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Apie filosofinę praktiką

Apie filosofinę praktiką

Author(s): Tomas Sodeika / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 108/2021

Philosophical practice is gradually becoming a recognized branch of philosophical disciplines. In many countries associations of philosophical practitioners are created, and the number of clients using such services increases. If we take advantage of the statement of the pioneer of philosophical practice, Gerd B. Achenbach, a philosophical practicioner is a specialist in a non-speciality: his visitor is understood not as an example of any theoretical construct, but as absolutely unique human being. A feature of philosophical practice, in contrast to academic philosophy, is that it should be guided by the problems that are relevant according to the state of the client. The philosophical practice is based on the ontological principles of existential philosophy which allow for the deepest impact in the structure of the person. On the other side, this practice requires the usage of philosophical categories, through which the client realizes his worldview problems.

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NORMATYWNOŚĆ OBOWIĄZYWANIA NORM PRAWNYCH W KONCEPCJI POZNAŃSKO-SZCZECIŃSKIEJ SZKOŁY TEORII PRAWA. PERSPEKTYWA PRAGMATYZMU ANALITYCZNEGO

NORMATYWNOŚĆ OBOWIĄZYWANIA NORM PRAWNYCH W KONCEPCJI POZNAŃSKO-SZCZECIŃSKIEJ SZKOŁY TEORII PRAWA. PERSPEKTYWA PRAGMATYZMU ANALITYCZNEGO

Author(s): Weronika DZIĘGIELEWSKA / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2020

The article aims to interpret the standard reading of the normative account of the validity of law, through applying the notion of normativity developed within contemporary metaethics and philosophy of language. An attempt is also made to rectify the arguments used in polemics against the normative accounts of the validity of law, especially the argument of redundancy of iterated legal duties. This is achieved by referring to the observation of the polysemic character of the notion of normativity and also to the understanding of normativity offered by analytical pragmatism. In order to illustrate the results of these deliberations, an example of a comprehensive account of the validity of legal norms set forth by the Poznań-Szczecin school of legal theory will be elucidated.

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KONCEPCJA PRESUPOZYCJI ROZUMOWAŃ PRAWNICZYCH JERZEGO WRÓBLEWSKIEGO – PRÓBA OBRONY

KONCEPCJA PRESUPOZYCJI ROZUMOWAŃ PRAWNICZYCH JERZEGO WRÓBLEWSKIEGO – PRÓBA OBRONY

Author(s): Anna Tomza / Language(s): Polish Issue: 121/2021

Background: Legal reasoning is as interesting and compiled as the problem of legal theory. It is a branch of science which in its deliberations must refer to the findings of sciences such as logic and linguistics, where the reasoning comes from. The presuppositions present in logic and linguistics are the best example of this. Their analysis takes place in the law, although so far it has been undertaken extremely rarely. In the current legal discourse, presuppositions are revived. Due to their numerous linguistic-breaking properties, lawyers look for a place for them in legal reasoning. They do so based on the findings of logical and linguistic sciences, forgetting the existence of the concept of presupposition of Jerzy Wróblewski’s legal reasoning. The subject of the research is the analysis of this somewhat forgotten concept of the Polish legal theorist. Research purpose: Jerzy Wróblewski, based on the existing concepts of the presupposition of pragmatic inference, proposed his own, modified version of the “presupposition of legal reasoning”, which, in his opinion, can be used in constructing the theory of legal reasoning. Wróblewski’s concept did not catch on in the circles of theoreticians or practitioners of law. Most researchers have criticized her. The aim of the article is an attempt to defend the concept of presupposition of legal reasoning against the criticism that has been raised so far. Methods: the research method is a linguistic and logical analysis of selected concepts. By making a linguistic analysis, the correct understanding of the proposed terms is established. By logical juxtaposing the existing concepts, one seeks to defend Wróblewski’s concepts against the critical remarks. Conclusions: an analysis of Wróblewski’s concept leads to the establishment of arguments that partially counteract the previous criticism. The work also presents conceptual contradictions contained in the concept, which require clarification in further research.

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