We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.

Download

Wyznaczniki ekonomiczne sprawiedliwości społecznej w Polsce

Author(s): Piotr J. Wróbel / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2 (9)/2013

Article No. 2 of The Constitution of The Republic of Poland (1997) states that Poland „shall be a democratic state ruled by law and implementing the principles of social justice”. Social justice is one of the principles of government and, according to lawyers, does not constitute grounds for subjective claims.  Contemporary understanding of the Ulpianidea of justice (suum cuique): giving everyone his due, derives from the conception of distributive justice by J. Rawls, which is based on proportional equality. This paper discusses the levels of four social justice indicators that Poland now deals with: income inequality, tax system, unemployment and poverty. The structure of the socio-economic system in Poland, which was founded and established during a period of transition, (presented in paper by statistical data and international comparisons) does not support the conclusion that Poland indeed fully embodies the principles of social justice.

More...

Download

Rozi izvještaj 2017. Godišnji izvještaj o stanju ljudskih prava LGBTI osoba u Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): Emina Bošnjak,Vladana Vasić,Inela Hadžić,Darko Pandurević / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: */2017

Dvijehiljadešesnaesta i početak 2017. godine u odnosu na svoje prethodnice ne donose značajne promjene u kontekstu broja slučajeva kršenja ljudskih prava LGBTI osoba koje Sarajevski otvoreni centar dokumentuje. Broj slučajeva diskriminacije i nasilja na osnovu seksualne orijentacije koju je Sarajevski otvoreni centar dokumentovao nije se smanjio, kao ni broj LGBTI osoba koje su kontaktirale Sarajevski otvoreni centar u potrazi za pomoći pri traženju azila, promjeni oznake spola u dokumentima, adekvatnoj psihološkoj podršci ili pri vađenju dokumenata koji su potrebni da bi se sklopio brak/ istospolno partnerstvo u državama u kojima je to moguće. Posebno zabrinjava porast nasilja u porodici i međuvršnjačkog nasilja motivisanog seksualnom orijentacijom ili rodnim identitetom, te sve češće otvoreno i javno izražavanje homofobnih i transfobnih stavova unutar akademskih institucija i akademske zajednice. Jasno je da je pored izmjena zakona i javnih politika, neophodno da institucije u BiH razviju konkretne programe i mjere djelovanja u cilju suzbijanja netolerancije, ksenofobije, nasilja i diskriminacije, a poticanja društvene inkluzije LGBTI osoba. Svakako je za pohvalu unapređenje zakonskog okvira u BiH kroz izmjene i dopune Zakona o zabrani diskriminacije i uvođenje spolnih karakteristika kao zaštićenog osnova, izmjene i dopune Krivičnog zakona FBiH i regulaciju krivičnih djela počinjenih iz mržnje, ali neophodno je ove zakonske novitete uvesti u obaveznu edukaciju državnih službenika_ca, predstavnika_ca pravosuđa i policije, kao i o njima informisati javnost da bi se doprinijelo njihovoj boljoj primjeni i ostvarenju njihove svrhe. Prvi korak u tom smjeru svakako je napravljen kroz operativne planove entitetskih vlada i Vijeća Ministara za provedbu Gender akcionog plana, ali ovakav vid djelovanja mora se nastaviti, te biti sveobuhvatniji kada su u pitanju ljudska prava LGBTI osoba. Specijalni izvještaj o pravima LGBT osoba u Bosni i Hercegovini Institucije ombudsmena za ljudska prava BiH kao prvi izvještaj ove vrste svakako je osnov za promjenu odnosa prema ljudskim pravima LGBTI osoba u BiH. Izvještaj u analizi stanja i svojim preporukama donosi otklon od saniranja posljedica ka principu proaktivnog unapređenja ljudskih prava LGBTI građana_ki u BiH u cilju poboljšanja uslova za njihov svakodnevni život u BiH i poštivanje njihovog ljudskog dostojanstva.

More...

Download

Pink Report 2016: Annual report on the state of human rights of LGBTI People in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Author(s): Emina Bošnjak,Saša Gavrić,Vladana Vasić / Language(s): English Issue: */2016

2015 has not been a year of great progress in terms of LGBTI people’s (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex) human rights, compared to 2014: the number of cases of discrimination and violence on the grounds of sexual orientation documented by the Sarajevo Open Centre has not gone down – it has actually gone up. The number of LGBTI individuals who contacted Sarajevo Open Centre looking for help in seeking asylum, changing the gender category in official documents and looking for adequate psychological support (which is particularly important for trans* individuals who are going through transition – gender-reassignment), or because they need documentation to be able to enter into marriage/same-sex partnership in states which recognize this, has also gone up, which implies that there have been no structural changes that have significantly improved the quality of life of LGBTI individuals and their inclusion in the BiH society. The media reporting in 2015 shows insufficient progress – mostly in the form of an increase in the number of articles that present LGBTI people and topics neutrally. A particularly worrying trend is inadequate processing of the attacks on LGBTI individuals, mostly in cases where they exercise their right to public assembly: the case of Merlinka in 2014 and the attack on the visitors of the Art Kriterion Cinema. While the police and the legal system have made barely any progress in their protection of LGBTI people’s rights, despite a three-years long cooperation with the Sarajevo Open Centre, spring of 2015 has indicated a new approach by the legislative and executive branch at state and entity levels; a shift towards working on improving the legal and policy frameworks for protection of LGBTI people’s rights. In May 2015 the State Parliament held the first special session on the state of LGBTI people’s human rights in BiH, and formed three concise conclusions. However, the initial enthusiasm experienced by the LGBTI activists deflated, because almost a year later the conclusions have yet to be implemented and achieved. This act, nevertheless, opened the door for further cooperation between the Civil Society representatives who work on LGBTI people’s rights and the Parliamentary Committees for Human Rights and Gender Equality. In December 2015, authorities made another pioneering move: the Government of Republika Srpska passed their Annual Plan for Implementation of the Gender Action Plan (GAP) for 2016, which also contains specific measures for protection of LGBTI people’s rights. The government of FBiH followed soon after in March of 2016. This is the first time that the governments in Bosnia and Herzegovina are including LGBTI people’s rights in their action plans. It remains to be seen how these measures will be implemented, but our hopes are high, especially because of the evolving partnership between the Sarajevo Open Centre and the institutional mechanisms for gender equality. In December 2015 the Council of Ministers BiH confirmed the draft proposal of the Law on Changes and Amendments of the Law on Prohibition of Discrimination, which includes amendments submitted by the Sarajevo Open Centre that would ensure better protection from discrimination for all LGBTI individuals. The Law should enter legislative procedure in 2016.

More...

Download

Rozi izvještaj. Godišnji izvještaj o stanju ljudskih prava LGBT osoba u Bosni i Hercegovini u 2014. godini

Author(s): Emina Bošnjak,Saša Gavrić,Vladana Vasić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: */2014

Objavljivanjem već četvrtu godinu zaredom Rozog izvještaja, godišnjeg izvještaja o stanju ljudskih prava LGBT osoba u Bosni i Hercegovini, Sarajevski otvoreni centar nastavlja sa svojim intenzivnim zagovaračkim radom u oblasti prava LGBT osoba. Rozi izvještaj je ujedno i jedini izvještaj u BiH ekskluzivno posvećen pravima LGBT osoba. Događaji i pojave koje su obilježile 2014. godinu s obzirom na prava LGBT osoba mogu se sažeti u sljedeće: - Politička stagnacija, uzrokovana predizbornom kampanjom, postizbornim pregovorima i političkom nestabilnošću, dovela je do toga da od proljeća pa do kraja 2014. godine nije bilo moguće pokretati bilo kakve relevantne zagovaračke inicijative, naročito kada govorimo o izmjeni zakonodavstva i usvajanju strateških dokumenata; - Predizborna kampanja, politički programi stranaka te procesi u parlamentima i vladama pokazali su da su prava LGBT osoba politički irelevantna. Nijedna stranka ovo pitanje nije prepoznala kao relevantan problem, te nisu ponudili nikakva rješenja. Na sjednicama vlada i parlamenata do sada se nikad nije diskutovalo o pravima LGBT osoba; - Federacija BiH, i pored toga što su u Parlamentu bile dvije inicijative, nije bila u stanju da izmijeni Krivični zakon FBiH i da u njega ugradi odredbe koje se odnose na krivična djela počinjena iz mržnje te govor mržnje; - Nisu usvojeni strateški dokumenti koji bi prepoznali stanje prava LGBT osoba te ponudili rješenja i mjere za unapređenje prava LGBT osoba. Institucija ombudsmena nije prihvatila da izradi specijalni izvještaj o stanju prava LGBT osoba, a o drugim državnim strateškim dokumentima, kakva bi bila strategija za suzbijanje diskriminacije ili strategija za unapređenja prava LGBT osoba, nikada se nije ni diskutovalo; - Aktivizam za prava LGBT osoba doživio je procvat. Pored toga što su postojeće inicijative / organizacije (npr. Q Sport ili Udruženje Okvir) intenzivirale svoj rad, stvoreni su i novi aktivistički nukleusi. Banjalučko udruženje kvir aktivista_kinja registrovalo se tokom 2014. godine, te je realiziralo različite kampanje i događaje. U Mostaru je u proceduri registracija udruženja LibertaMo, a u Tuzli djeluje neformalna inicijativa TANKA; - Nasilje nad LGBT osobama se, u odnosu na 2013. godinu, povećalo. LGBT osobe, ali i LGBT aktivisti_kinje postali_e su meta sve učestalijih napada. Ipak, tokom 2014. godine donesene su i dvije presude koje potvrđuju kršenja prava LGBT osoba. Između ostalog, odlukom Ustavnog suda BiH potvrđeno je da je pravo na javno okupljanje LGBT osoba bilo onemogućeno u slučaju Queer Sarajevo Festivala. Ovo je prva odluka jednog ustavnog suda u vezi sa pravima LGBT osoba u BiH. BIH i dalje ostaje država koja već godinama ignoriše potrebe jednog velikog dijela stanovništva koje kroz određene zahtjeve za konkretnim aktivnostima artikuliše civilno društvo i međunarodna zajednica. Trenutno nema naznake da će se ovakav odnos bh. vlasti promijeniti, a homofobija i transfobija i dalje imaju dominantan utjecaj u samim državnim institucijama i tijelima. Kako bi se unaprijedila prava LGBT osoba, Sarajevski otvoreni centar i ove godine predlaže tri prioritetne mjere koje nadležne institucije trebaju poduzeti.

More...

Download

Pink Report. Annual Report on the State of the Human Rights of LGBT People in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2014

Author(s): Emina Bošnjak,Saša Gavrić,Vladana Vasić / Language(s): English Issue: */2014

In publishing the Pink Report, the annual report on the state of human rights of LGBT people in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2014, Sarajevo Open Centre continues with its intensive advocacy work in the field of LGBT rights. The Pink Report is the only one of its kind in BiH dedicated exclusively to covering the human rights of LGBT individuals. It is being published for the fourth year in a row. When we speak about the rights of LGBT people, we can conclude that the following important events occurred in 2014: - Political stagnation, caused by the election campaign, post-election negotiations, and political instability have brought about a situation in which, from the spring until the end of 2014, it was impossible to implement any relevant advocacy initiatives, particularly where the amending of legislation or adoption of strategic documents were concerned; - The election campaign, political parties’ programs, and the processes in parliaments and governments have shown that the rights of LGBT people are politically irrelevant. Not a single party recognized this as a relevant problem, and no solutions were offered. Until this point, there has not been a single discussion about the rights of LGBT people at any governmental or parliamentary session; - The Federation of BiH was not able to change the FBiH Criminal Code, despite the fact that there were two initiatives in the parliament. The Criminal Code should be amended to incorporate provisions related to the criminal offenses of hate crimes and hate speech; - Strategic documents that would have recognized the state of the rights of LGBT people and offer solutions and measures for the improvement of the rights of LGBT people were not adopted. The Institution of Human Rights Ombudsman of BiH failed to draft a special report on the state of the rights of LGBT people. No other national documents, such as a strategy on combatting discrimination or a strategy for improving the rights of LGBT people were never even discussed. - Activism for the rights of LGBT people flourished. In addition to the existing initiatives and organizations (for example, Q Sport or Okvir Association), which intensified their work, a number of new activist nuclei were formed. A Banja Lukabased association of queer activists was registered in 2014, and implemented a number of campaigns and carried out various activities. The Association LibertaMo is currently in the process of registration in Mostar, and the informal TANKA initiative is active in Tuzla; - In comparison to 2013, violence against LGBT people increased. LGBT individuals, as well as LGBT activists, became the targets of more frequent attacks. However, during 2014, two judgments were delivered that confirmed the violation of the rights of LGBT people. A judgment of the Constitutional Court of BiH confirmed that the right to gather in public was violated in the case of the Queer Sarajevo Festival. This is the first decision of the Constitutional Court dealing with the rights of LGBT individuals in BiH. Despite the articulated efforts and calls for concrete actions of civil society and international community, BH authorities remain ignorant of the needs of a large segment of its population. At the moment there are no indications that this attitude of BH authorities will change, all the while homophobia and transphobia remain a common experience in the governmental institutions. In order to improve the rights of LGBT people, Sarajevo Open Centre is proposing three priority measures to be taken by the competent institutions this year.

More...

Download

Rozi izvještaj. Godišnji izvještaj o stanju ljudskih prava LGBT osoba u Bosni i Hercegovini u 2013. godini.

Author(s): Mariña Barreiro,Vladana Vasić,Jordan Maze,Saša Gavrić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: */2013

Iskustva homofobije i transfobije su i dalje vrlo česta u BiH sa ograničenom ili nikakvom akcijom poduzetom od strane autoriteta u cilju zaustavljanja takvih vrsta diskriminacije, zlostavljanja i nasilja. Redovni napadi na LGBT osobe i na branioce i braniteljke LGBT ljudskih prava, komentari puni mržnje u štampanim, elektronskim i video medijima podstiču atmosferu netolerancije usmjerene prema LGBT osobama. Kompleksni federativni sistem, nizak nivo napretka u polju vladavine zakona, te generalno nizak nivo vidljivosti LGBT osoba i LGBT aktivizma dopuštaju političkim strukturama u BiH nemar pri zaštiti LGBT prava. Pozitivna strana priče o LGBT pravima u BiH se ogleda u činjenici da policija pokazuje više pažnje prema specifičnosti LGBT pitanja. Ovaj napor za povećanje povjerenja LGBT osoba u vladine institucije kao i broj prijavljenih slučajeva rezultirao je time da su u jednom kantonu FBiH, preciznije u Kantonu Sarajevo, policijske strukture pokrenule rad na vlastitom osvješćavanju kroz saradnju sa civilnim društvom i Sarajevskim otvorenim centrom. Međutim, napad tokom festivala Merlinka pokazuje da LGBT osobama sloboda okupljanja nije zagarantovana. Postoji očita potreba za daljim radom i saradnjom sa institucijama izvršne vlasti (policijom, uredom tužilaštva i sudovima). Kršenje ljudskih prava LGBT osoba u BiH prestavlja mnogo širi spektar individualnih slučajeva diskriminacije ili nasilja, te ističe nemar institucija i zakonodavnih organa koje zanemaruju potrebe i prava LGBT osoba, kao i nedostatak volje u državnim institucijama za implementaciju bh. zakona. Prema kvalitativnom istraživanju dr. Zlatiborke Momčinović, Ko smo mi da sudimo drugima?, postoji veoma nizak nivo senzibiliteta bh. populacije prema lezbejkama, gejevima, biseksualcima_kama, i transrodnim (LGBT) osobama, kao i manjak znanja o problemima sa kojima se LGBT osobe suočavaju. 56,5% ispitanih misli kako “homoseksualnost mora biti izliječena”1 , što je dokaz o nedostatku znanja kao i uvriježenim stereotipima prema homoseksualnosti, uprkos činjenici da je ista uklonjena sa liste bolesti i socijalnih poremećaja. Za tri četvrtine ispitanika_ca ljubljenje istospolnih parova u javnosti nije dopustivo, dok je pitanje promjene spola odbojno za 59,5% ispitanih osoba. Tokom 2013. godine LGBT zajednica je postala vidljivija u bh. društvu, posebice zahvaljujući radu organizacija za promociju ljudskih prava u području sprječavanja diskriminacije i nasilja protiv LGBT osoba. Unatoč tome, veliki broj LGBT osoba još uvijek se skriva, što čini nevidljivost jednim od najvećih problema u zajednici. Prvi korak u prepoznavanju i zaštiti zasniva se upravo na vidljivosti i zahtijevanju svojih prava, a taj korak postaje posebno bitan u okviru kompleksnog političkog konteksta kao što je u BiH danas. Iz ovih razloga akcija državnih institucija prema usvajanju mjera za osiguravanje zaštite protiv diskriminacije i/ili nasilja svih osoba, uključujući LGBT osobe, postaje imperativ. Stoga je neophodno da FBiH napravi amandman Krivičnog zakona u koji će uključiti zločine iz mržnje, pa tako i zločine iz mržnje izvršene na temelju seksualne orijentacije i rodnog identiteta. Uz to je potreban trening policajaca_ki, sudija_nica i tužioca_teljki, zdravstvenih radnika_ca, obrazovnog osoblja i ostalih državnih službenika_ca na području cijele države u vidu specijalne edukacije iz oblasti ljudskih prava i problema s kojima se suočavaju LGBT osobe u BiH.

More...

Download

Rozi izvještaj. Godišnji izvještaj o stanju ljudskih prava LGBT osoba u BiH u 2012. godini

Author(s): Mariña Barreiro,Vladana Vasić,Saša Gavrić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: */2012

Vlasti u BiH nisu svjesne da su LGBT osobe dio našeg društva, te smatraju da su prava LGBT osoba manje važna od prava drugih grupa. Ovaj stav se uglavnom opravdava veoma malim brojem vidljivih LGBT osoba i uobičajenim mišljenjem da to (misleći na homoseksualnost) i oni_e (misleći na LGBT osobe) ne postoji_e u BiH. Kada se raspravlja o LGBT pravima, bh. institucije nisu dovoljno senzibilne da primjete ili da se bave pitanjima i problemima sa kojima se LGBT osobe susreću svakodnevno, te pretpostavljaju da je zabrana diskriminacije, koja je regulisana u Zakonu o zabrani diskriminacije u BiH, dovoljna za omogućavanje zaštite i jednakosti LGBT osoba sa ostalim građanima BiH. Obzirom da LGBT teme postaju sve vidljivije u BiH, kako kroz medije koji još uvijek izvještavaju na senzacionalistički i šokantan način u cilju privlačenja gledatelja_ki, tako i kroz aktivizam i rad organizacija koje se bave LGBT pravima, govor mržnje i zločini počinjeni iz mržnje prema LGBT osobama su postali evidentniji u prethodnoj, 2012. godini. Porast vidljivosti LGBT aktivizma u 2012. godini je propraćen ozbiljnim i prijetećim govorom mržnje na web portalima. U svim slučajevima koji su predstavljeni u ovom izvještaju, odgovora vlasti ili nije bilo ili je njihov odgovor bio nedovoljan, a u nekim slučajevima, počinioci_teljice tih incidenata su bili_e državni_e dužnosnici_e. Vlasti konstantno i dosljedno ne uspijevaju ili odbijaju da osude govor mržnje i netoleranciju prema LGBT osobama, odnosno da sankcionišu počinitelje_ice, što dovodi do nepovjerenja u državne institucije od strane LGBT osoba. Ovaj nedostatak povjerenja kod LGBT osoba rezultira neprijavljivanjem ozbiljnijih incidenata i slučajeva poput diskriminacije i zločina počinjenih iz mržnje. Prvi korak ka boljem prepoznavanju i zaštiti ljudskih prava LGBT osoba je harmonizacija postojeće legislative sa Zakonom o zabrani diskriminacije u BiH, koja se trebala izvršiti do 2010. godine, ali ni do danas nije. Ostale izmjene legislative koje se moraju desiti, u cilju promocije i povećanja zaštite ljudskih prava LGBT osoba, kao i individua i manjinskih grupa u BiH, su uvođenje zločina počinjenih iz mržnje i zabrana govora mržnje u Krivični zakon Federacije BiH. Vlasti bi također trebale biti svjesne da sama legislativa nije dovoljna za prevenciju kršenja ljudskih prava LGBT osoba, kao i da se svi ti zakoni i regulacije moraju sprovoditi. Vlasti bi također trebale organizovati obavezne treninge i edukacije za sve javne dužnosnike_ce i uposlenike_ce, kao što su policijski_e službenici_e i uposlenici_e javne uprave.

More...

Download

Stanje LGBT ljudskih prava u BiH u 2011. godini - Rozi izvještaj

Author(s): Lejla Huremović,Masha Durkalić,Damir Banović,Emina Bošnjak / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: */2011

Sarajevski otvoreni centar vam predstavlja prvu publikaciju o stanju LGBT ljudskih prava u Bosni i Hercegovini – Stanje LGBT ljudskih prava u BiH u 2011. godini - Rozi izvještaj. Publikacija Stanje LGBT ljudskih prava u BiH u 2011. godini – Rozi izvještaj je značajna kako za samu LGBT zajednicu u Bosni i Hercegovini, njeno jačanje i povećanje vidljivosti, tako i za različite društvene institucije, organizacije i pojedince/ke zainteresovane za ovu problematiku. Publikacija promoviše pozitivan stav i podizanje svijesti o značaju zaštite LGBT ljudskih prava. Rozi izvještaj se sastoji od tri dijela: prvi dio se bavi seksualnom orijentacijom i rodnim identitetom u kontekstu ljudskih prava u BiH, drugi dio je analiza medijskog izvještavanja o seksualnim manjinama u BiH dok treći dio predstavlja analizu upitnika o ugroženosti i nezaštićenosti LGBT populacije u BiH. Rozi izvještaj je dio programa Ljudska prava, kojim se Sarajevski otvoreni centar bavi i koji na ovaj način pokušava napraviti promjene u javnim institucijama i društvu. Publikacija je dio našeg javnog angažmana, te na ovaj način podstiče društveni razvoj i jačanje kapaciteta. Rozi izvještaj nije klasični izvještaj o ljudskim pravima jer ne predstavlja same slučajeve diskriminacije, zločina iz mržnje i nasilja na osnovu seksualne orijentacije i/ili rodnog identiteta. Sarajevski otvoreni centar gradi kapacitete vezano dokumentaciju nasilja i diskriminacije na osnovu seksualne orijentacije i/ili rodnog identiteta te vjerujemo da ćemo u narednoj, 2013. godini, moći objaviti izvještaj za 2012. godinu. Rozi izvještaj su priredili/e Lejla Huremović, Masha Durkalić, Damir Banović i Emina Bošnjak i Saša Gavrić. Autori i autorice se osvrću na stanje LGBT ljudskih prava s aspekta prava i zakona, zatim analiziraju izvještavanje štampanih medija te stavove i mišljenja LGBT zajednice u BiH i na taj način čitaoca/teljku informišu i daju prijedloge i preporuke/zaključke. Posebno se želimo zahvaliti ILGA Europe, koja nam je pružila finansijsku podršku tokom nastanka ove publikacije. ILGA Europe je međunarodna krovna nevladina organizacija koja okuplja 360 organizacija iz 44 od 49 država Evrope, radeći na jednakosti i ljudskim pravima lezbejki gejeva, biseksualnih, trans i interseks (LGBTI) osoba na nivou Evrope. Ovaj Rozi izvještaj će biti besplatno distribuiran nevladinim organizacijama i državnim organizacijama koje se bave promocijom ljudskih prava, kako bi što veći broj čitatelja i čitateljki imao pristup ovoj publikaciji. Nadamo se da će Vam ova publikacija pružiti značajne informacije. Bilo bi nam drago da nam se javite sa povratnom informacijom!

More...

Download

Violent Crime and Immigrant Removals: Reasons and Determinants of Immigrant Deportations, 1908-1986

Author(s): Ryan D. King,Denise N. Obinna / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

This research describes and explains changes in non-citizen deportations from the United States between 1908 and 1986. Using data from historical immigration yearbooks, we first document and quantify the primary reasons given for removing immigrants from U.S. soil. A key finding is that perceived dispositional defects and threatening behavior (e.g., criminal behavior, mental or physical defects) accounted for a large proportion of deportations in the early 20th century, but these gave way to administrative rationales (e.g., improper documentation) as immigration law and the enforcement bureaucracy expanded. Results of time-series analyses further suggest that the homicide rate is correlated with deportations for administrative reasons and with deportations based on perceived dispositional defects and threatening behavior. Implications and relevance for understanding current immigration debates are discussed.

More...

Download

Mérlegen a Nyelvi charta

Author(s): Gábor Kardos / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2017

This paper analyses certain inherent problems of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, such as its effort to separate from politics the protection of minority languages as a part of the European cultural heritage, its relationship with official languages and the issue of dialects. This paper also deals with the delays of submitting governmental reports, the political debates over draft recommendations in the Council of Ministers, the reduction of efforts to implement recommendations and the inadequacies of the monitoring process between governmental reports.

More...

Download

A Kisebbségvédelmi keretegyezmény húsz év után – tapasztalatok a negyedik monitoring ciklus végén

Author(s): Erzsébet Szalayné Sándor / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2017

Twenty years have passed since the introduction of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (Framework Convention), and there are increasingly more indications that the Framework Convention has become an international human rights instrument able to set standards for the protection of the rights of persons belonging to national minorities. This process requires periodically the solution of procedural and substantive questions. Moreover, the number and the gravity of the challenges affecting the effective application of the Framework Convention has not diminished in recent years – still, or indeed for this very reason, the implementation of the convention by the states needs to be continuously monitored. This paper aims, at the advent of the fifth monitoring cycle, to highlight the features that were developed during the first two decades of the mechanism.

More...

Download

A Kisebbségvédelmi keretegyezmény és a Nyelvi charta végrehajtása – egységes standard vagy szétfejlődés?

Author(s): János Fiala-Butora / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2017

This paper analyses the effectiveness of the European minority protection system through the opinions of Council of Europe’s monitoring bodies. It shows that the Advisory Committee on the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (AC FCNM) and the Committee of Experts of the European Charter of Regional and Minority Languages (CoE ECRML) have evaluated Slovakia’s performance under these two treaties very differently in the last monitoring cycles. These divergences cannot be explained by differences in the two treaties or by inadequate sources of information, since both bodies received almost identical shadow reports from civil society. This paper concludes that in the examined cases, the CoE ECRML is taking a stricter position on violations of minority rights, while the AC FCNM is much more deferential towards the government’s opinions and formalistic, superficial and dismissive with regard to concerns of the minority communities.

More...

Download

Fából vaskarika, avagy reflexiók a Kisebbségvédelmi keretegyezmény tanácsadó bizottságának ún. 4. tematikus kommentárjára vonatkozóan

Author(s): Norbert Tóth / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2017

The Advisory Committee on the 1995 Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (Framework Convention) adopted a thematic commentary on the scope of the Framework Convention on May 27, 2016. This was the fourth thematic commentary in a row, and as such, the committee relied on its experiences and observations made during the previous monitoring cycles. This text aims at analysing the thematic commentary in question by using strictly the methods for interpreting international treaties. By doing so and as a conclusion, this paper studies the gap between the text of the Framework Convention and the interpretation provided within the thematic commentary.

More...

Download

Európai polgári kezdeményezések a nemzeti kisebbségek védelmében

Author(s): Péter Varga,Balázs Tárnok / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2017

The European Citizens’ Initiative, which has been in operation since April 2012, is a new instrument of the European participatory democracy, inspired by the constitutional development of member states and incorporated into EU Law by the Lisbon Treaty. Citizens’ committees established by members of national minority organisations have attempted to make use of the opportunities provided by this new instrument. This paper analyses the two initiatives that national minorities launched so far and their legal fates, with special emphasis on the impact they had on the evolution of the ECJ’s case law.

More...

Download

Szerbia akcióterve a nemzeti kisebbségek jogainak megvalósítására

Author(s): Mihály Nyilas,Zsuzsanna Mackó / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2017

This paper provides a presentation and analysis of the Action Plan for the Realisation of the Rights of National Minorities adopted by the government of Serbia on May 3, 2016. The analysed topics include: reasons that led Serbia to elaborate and adopt an action plan for the protection of minority rights; the drafting process; topics, objectives and activities with special relevance for the Hungarian community; an evaluation of the plan’s content and the process of its implementation; other considerations and activities envisaged under the plan.

More...

Download

City Diplomacy

Author(s): Beata Surmacz / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

Diplomacy is one of the oldest mechanisms of managing the international environment. It is traditionally associated with operation of the state. However, in contemporary times the parameters of the international environment have changed considerably. States are no longer the only entities participating in international relations. Along with states, sub-state actors (regions and cities) have emerged, as well as supra-state (the EU) and non-state entities. Sub-state actors go through the process of repositioning in the contemporary international order: from being an object of management to building their own subject status in this respect. In order to achieve this goal, they increasingly use mechanisms and instruments which were the sole domain of the state until recently. Despite substantial attention paid to regional diplomacy, academic discussion has focused less on the increasing role of cities in diplomacy. The paper aims to introduce the concept of city diplomacy. It will be argued that cities have become important actors on the world stage, that they have developed diplomatic apparatus, and that city diplomacy is becoming more and more professional diplomatic activity.

More...

Download

ЗНАЧЕНИЕТО НА РИМСКОТО ПРАВО ЗА ЮРИДИЧЕСКОТО ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ ВСТЪПИТЕЛНА ЛЕКЦИЯ

Author(s): Trayanov Trayan / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2016

The article is devoted to the place of the university in modern education and the role of Roman law in law education. The author emphasizes the absence of a textbook that presents the subject thoroughly and thoroughly. Among the main issues that the article highlights are the materialistic spirit of time and the lack of awareness on the part of lawyers about the importance of historical disciplines, among which the most important is Roman law.

More...

Download

A kisebbségek védelme az olasz–horvát és az olasz–szlovén kétoldalú kapcsolatokban

Author(s): Balázs Vizi / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 4/2017

Following the collapse of Yugoslavia, the situation of Italian minorities living in successor states raised great concerns in Italy. This article offers an overview of the evolution of bilateral minority protection instruments between Italy and Croatia, Slovenia respectively. New treaties and initiatives emerged in the 1990s in this regard strongly build on the post- WWII international legal arrangements concerning the situation of minorities. The analysis of the relevant treaty provisions in a broader political and historical context leads to the conclusion that from the 1990s bilateral minority protection agreements rather reflect a political commitment than a set of strict normative obligations.

More...

Download

A szlovákiai magyar politikai mozgástér változásai

Author(s): Géza Tokár / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 4/2017

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the latitude of ethnic political representation of the Hungarian community in Slovakia from 1989 up to recent political developments. The latitude is measured by three factors: the amount of political power held by representatives of the Hungarian communities, the coalition potential of the parties focusing on ethnic policies, and the political compatibility of the parties representing the Hungarian minority. The Hungarian ethnic parties were involved in Slovak politics from the times of the Velvet Revolution; however, their ability to affect politics and policies was limited by party-specific ethnic agendas and incompatibility with numerous Slovak ethnic parties. In light of recent political events, however, the ideological differences have been reduced and the pragmatic nature of fragmented Slovak party politics opens up new channels for cooperation. Despite the changing political environment, the latitude has been weakening due to the fragmentation of the Hungarian ethnic political elite.

More...

4.90 €

Preview

Културното наследство между материална даденост и знания: предизвикателствата на опазването и социализацията

Author(s): Mariano Pavanello / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2018

The text discusses the pertinent problems connected to the debates about the intangible cultural heritage and the politics of UNESCO about its safeguarding. The author presents in particular the Italian context and the discussions within Italian anthropology taking into consideration the characteristics of the ethnographic knowledge as cultural heritage, as well as the functions of the ethnographic museum. The problem about the safeguarding of cultural heritage is debated on the basis of the dichotomies: safeguarding versus evaluation and tangible versus intangible heritage.

More...