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CONFLICTUL TRANSNISTREAN ÎN CONTEXTUL 
CRIZEI RUSO-UCRAINENE. CONOTAȚII PRIVIND SECURITATEA ENERGETICĂ

CONFLICTUL TRANSNISTREAN ÎN CONTEXTUL CRIZEI RUSO-UCRAINENE. CONOTAȚII PRIVIND SECURITATEA ENERGETICĂ

Author(s): Svetlana Cebotari / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2018

One of the stringent and actual problem of Republic of Moldova is Transnistrian conflict. The current Russian-Ucrainian crisis, which has a direct impact on regional security, creates conditions that can contribuite to the resolution of the Transnistrian conflict, including the territorial reintegration of the country. This article analizes some strategies for resolving the Transnistrian conflict.

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GREAT UNION CONSTITUTIONALISM. POLITICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS

GREAT UNION CONSTITUTIONALISM. POLITICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS

Author(s): Marius Andreescu,Andra Nicoleta Puran / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2018

The activity of some great politicians and statesmen of the time was of particular importance for the achievement of the Great Union in 1918. A remarkable personality of that time is Ion I.C. Brătianu. In this study we recall the great politician and statesman and in particular his major contribution to the adoption of the Constitution of 1923 which conferred constitutional significance to the great Union; he also contributed to the legislation adopted on the basis of the Fundamental Law from 1923 which aligned the Romanian state to the European states. The study outlines the historical context and content of the Declarations adopted in 1918 by which the Romanian provinces under foreign rule joined the Kingdom of Romania. We consider that these documents are legal and political acts of constitutional value that are important for Romanian constitutionalism.

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THE ROOTS OF TRUMPISM

THE ROOTS OF TRUMPISM

Author(s): Jason Royce Lindsey / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2018

The author in the article examines the historical roots and economic and social reasons for the coming to power of the unconventional representative of the US Republican Party, multimillionaire Donald Trump. Trump’s phenomenon is interpreted by the author as an American form of revanchism, as revenge for the past, in which the United States lost its positions in the development of the national economy and social sphere. The main characteristics and motivational aspects of the voting of the typical voter D. Trump (white middle-aged men) are revealed. The loss of privileges and economic and social status for whites in the outsider states is seen as the main revanchist motive for supporting L. Trump’s electoral core. Parallels are drawn between the phenomenon of the right-wing politician in France, M. Lipin and D. Trump, which in many respects repeats the ideological vector of the French nationalists. The exploitation of patriotic virtue and intense xenophobia are common features of the campaigns of M. Le Pen and D. Trump. The first year of the reign of US President D. Trump and the policy of American revanchism with its close ties with dissatisfied whites provoked the growth of protest moods and extremist groups. The author concludes that President Trump and trampism are not a new or unprecedented political phenomenon in the United States. Trumpism is the result of the activity of an opportunistic candidate who uses in the classic revanchist context the fears of his supporters who face profound social changes.

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ООН НА ШЛЯХУ РЕФОРМ

ООН НА ШЛЯХУ РЕФОРМ

Author(s): Mikhail Petrovich Trebin / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 4/2018

Problem setting. Since the creation of the United Nations, it has been 73 years since, the world has changed dramatically, and accordingly, the Organization must change, rebuild under new realities. Due to the increase in the number of international conflicts, global problems of our time, the intensification of world globalization, informatization and computerization of all spheres of society, old methods and ways of getting out of crisis situations either cease to work or become ineffective. Therefore, the way in which the United Nations is transformed will determine the state of affairs in the international arena, world peace and security.Recent research and publications analysis. In the sociology of international relations and related academic disciplines, the issue of UN activity and development was studied by such scholars as B. M. Ashavsky, M. P. O. Baccarini, M. O. Baimuratov, Z. Bauman,S. Browne, M. V. Buromensky, R. Butler, S. Chesterman, K. Engelbrekt, Y. P. Godovnik, R. V. Guban, J. M. Hanhimaki, D. Howell, I. Johnstone, D. Malone, P. Nadin, O. V. Serdyuk, B. I. Tarasyuk, N. Turchin, Yu. O. Voloshin, T. J. Weiss, I. V. Yakovuk, Y. M. Zhukovsky,A. M. Zlenko et al. The situation on the international scene is changing, and today the United Nations is faced with new challenges and challenges that have not been studied by the authors or have been studied fragmentarily, so the appeal to comprehend the possible models of reforming the UN in today’s conditions is quite expedient.Paper objective - identification of problems in the activities of the United Nations and its ability to perform the tasks set before the organization, as well as proposals to overcome the problems identified to ensure the effectiveness of the UN work.Paper main body. The UN structure is rather complex and includes a large number of different organizational units of committees, commissions, departments, etc. Main structural units the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), the International Court of Justice, Trusteeship Council (suspended on 1 November 1994), the Secretariat. From the point of view of the level of authority, the General Assembly and the UN Security Council are the most important.The beginning of the active reform process of the United Nations is linked to the election of Secretary-General Kofi Annan in 1997. During the 52nd session of the UN General Assembly, the main directions for updating the UN were proposed, including structural changes in the Secretariat, coordination of organizations of the UN system at the country level, and improving interaction with civil society. This topic was developed at the Millennium Summit in 2000 immediately after the 55th session of the UN General Assembly, which took place in September of the same year.Summing up the achievements of the United Nations during its existence, it is worth pointing out the process of its transformation from the organization, which was focused mainly on conference services, to a truly global provider of services, which operates in virtually every corner of the world, thereby helping to improve the lives of people in need of assistance. The following statistical information confirms the progress achieved: more than 70 % of the annual budget is allocated to peacekeeping and other field operations, which is almost 20% more than in the mid-1990s; the number of humanitarian missions in creased from 12 to 43; the number of human rights defenders of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights in the states has increased by almost four times. However, there remain problems that have not yet been overcome, the most important of them is the reform of the Security Council.Discussions about reforming the UN Security Council have been taking place since the first years of its existence. The need for the reform of the UN Security Council is due to significant changes in the world that took place after the Second World War: economic, military-political, demographic, etc. The current composition of the UN Security Council does not proportionally represent the geographical zones of the conflict. Among the 15 members of the UN Security Council, 5 seats were assigned to the Western Europe and other Western European countries (including three permanent members), 2 to Eastern Europe (including Russia), 3 to the Asia-Pacific region (APR, including China), 3 to Africa and 2 - Latin America and the Caribbean. These regional quotas show that one-third of the seats in the UN Security Council are in the «golden billion», while Eastern Europe, in which there are many unsettled conflicts, is represented only by Russia and one nonpermanent member, and the Middle East is the source of the most severe conflicts, has only one representative from the APR group. In addition, the Asian quota can not always take into account the positions of States whose interests affect a number of territorial conflicts in the South China and East China Seas through which the main sea routes of the world pass.Conclusions of the research. There is a need for further UN reform. It is necessary to consistently carry out the reform of the UN Security Council, forming within its framework the agreed conceptual framework and practical measures to preserve and strengthen it as the central UN body, but the transformation is necessary: the world has changed, the structure that protects it must be changed. At the initial stage it is necessary to increase the number of members of the Council, the number of permanent members should reflect the regional picture of the world, new permanent members do not have veto power for 15-20 years.

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L’UOMO↔PERSONA

L’UOMO↔PERSONA

Author(s): Sebastiano Tafaro / Language(s): Italian Issue: 2/2018

The article examines the relation between homo (the human being) and person in general sense, which is the basis of the modern doctrine on the legal capacity of individuals (physical persons) but which has different interpretations in Roman law and in the opinions of Roman jurists than in the modern law. Man is at the center of Roman law, defined by the term "persona". This term is an entirely product of Roman jurisprudence, which explicitly states that the whole law is created by man, and that he is its cause and purpose. Moreover, the man takes into account his inalienable and indispensable prerogatives in the organization of Civitas. But he has to keep them for himself as he can realize his legal significance which can by no means be absorbed and depend on recognition by a separate social organization (as is the state for example). Through a complex development, to the “persona” is attributed a meaning not only related to the historical plan but also to the recognition of more or less certain or supposed values. This leads to the detachment of the notion of a subject of the law by the man himself and is the cause of many mistakes and contradictions. The distinction between homo and persona reaches its culmination in creating a concept of a subject of law – a physical person or a legal personality. The product of this process is the contemporary concepts of legal personality, respectively specified in the notions of legal entity, legal capacity, legal capacity to act. Faced with this legal reality and artificially created concepts, it is worth reverting to the concept of persona in Roman law, which seems beneficial and may be the starting point for the law of tomorrow and future generations.

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IUS VITAE – SPES VITAE. PROSPETTIVE ROMANE NELLA LEGISLAZIONE CONTEMPORANEA

IUS VITAE – SPES VITAE. PROSPETTIVE ROMANE NELLA LEGISLAZIONE CONTEMPORANEA

Author(s): Malina Novkirishka- Stoyanova / Language(s): Italian Issue: 2/2018

In 2015 the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg, meeting in a Grand Chamber, composed of 17 judges, pronounces the judgment on the case Parrillo v. Italy (Application No. 46470/11). On the case of the prohibition of an Italian law (No. 40/2004) of donation for the purposes of scientific research of embryos conceived through medically assisted reproduction, the applicant finds it incompatible with her right to respect for her private life and the peaceful enjoyment of her assets guaranteed respectively by Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights and Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 to the Convention. The court decides that the embryo is not a good just for parents and the petitioner can’t donate her embryos for scientific purposes, but she is obliged to keep them in a state of cryopreservation until their death. A new argument is presented on the problem of the status of human embryo and its “rights” and a far-reaching projection of the Roman principles of ius vitae and spes vitae.This position of court gives the basis of the reflections about the human rights in general and the protection of privacy, the public interest etc. in relation with the Roman rules for nasciturus, curator ventris, the criminal responsibility for the deliberate abortion, ius vitae necisque of the pater familias and the opinions of the classical Roman jurisprudence.

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THE IDEA OF IUS, AEQUITAS AND IUSTITIA ASSOCIATED WITH THE IDEA OF THE USEFUL AND THE CONVENIENT:
COMMON UTILITY

THE IDEA OF IUS, AEQUITAS AND IUSTITIA ASSOCIATED WITH THE IDEA OF THE USEFUL AND THE CONVENIENT: COMMON UTILITY

Author(s): Juan M. Alburquerque / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

The iustitia, as Cicero affirmed, unique virtue, lady and queen of the virtues; Justice as a disposition of the spirit that respects the common utility. The Roman conceptions in Cicero's time reflect a good part of the basic principles that prevail with more frequency: objectivity of the legal order, justice, utility, equity, honesty, lawfulness, etc., authentic reference to a clear idea of utilitas. In this sense, it is analyzed in the present study: Utilitas omnium ↔ rei publicae causae; Utilitas publica ↔ utilitas omnium; Utilitas publica, from the perspective of priority interest that favors the State itself; Justinian and the pretended and possible return to the utilitarian conceptions publica ↔utilitas communis; Utilitas publishes: and a peculiar assumption, among others, extracted from the interdictal context in which public interest, common interest and private interest are combined.

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FIRST FORMULATION OF THE THEORY OF NORMAL USE:
SPANGENBERG AND HIS ROMAN THEORY OF THE EMISSION. THE MOST ADVANCED VISION OF IHERING AND HIS NEW EMISSION CONCEPT

FIRST FORMULATION OF THE THEORY OF NORMAL USE: SPANGENBERG AND HIS ROMAN THEORY OF THE EMISSION. THE MOST ADVANCED VISION OF IHERING AND HIS NEW EMISSION CONCEPT

Author(s): Carmen Salcedo / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

The prohibition of the behaviors carried out by the owners in the exercise of their respective rights by the mere fact that their effects spread towards adjoining or nearby properties could not be understood in a sense too strict. Even though the Roman jurists used to emit their judgments on the basis of general prohibition of any emission, it was proved that on some occasions the rigorous application of such a rule would imply an absolute denial of some of the powers granted to the owner. Without abandoning the reciprocal behavior of concessions and tolerance, the radical prohibition of all emission would not be permissible. The elaboration of a general criteria that solved the problem of the legality or illegality of the emissions were not the work of the Roman jurisconsults, who limited themselves to resolving the specific cases. The real protago-nists in the search for general solutions were the jurists of the nineteenth centu-ry, driven by the needs of their time in which the development of the industry led to an increase in conflicts and problems in neighborhoods. Immersed in this climate of technological and industrial progress, the theory of normal use based primarily on the objective concept of emission and, of course, on the jurispruden-tial answers collected in Roman sources.

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CERTAIN ISSUES RELATING TO RECEIVING INHERITANCE IN ROMAN LAW

CERTAIN ISSUES RELATING TO RECEIVING INHERITANCE IN ROMAN LAW

Author(s): Mirjana Polenak-Akimovska,Goce Naumovski / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2018

The core interest of this paper comprises of elaborating on several legal postulates which may occur while exercising one's subjective inheritance rights. Namely, the Roman law, judging from the primary sources, provides us with a clear picture of several legal situations, which are probable to ensue, prior to the final transfer of the inheritance rights from the testator to the inheritor.Taking into consideration the fact that the Roman law research frequently dwells on the basis for inheritance, lines of hereditary succession, wills or compulsory share of inheritance, the authors of this paper believe that due diligence must be exercised to these seldom studied legal inheritance postulates.Therefore, on this occasion an analysis will be made of: transmissio delationis, ius accrescendi collatio bonorum, aditio bonorum, beneficium abstinendi, beneficium inventarii and beneficium separationis, which will serve to find the place and the meaning of the aforementioned notions as seen through the prism of the procedure for receiving inheritance and possible consequences which may occur as a result of separate processes.

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ABOUT THE MANDELA RULES OF THE UNITED NATIONS (A/RES 70/175) AND THE ORIGIN OF ITS PRINCIPLES IN THE ROMANISTIC PERSPECTIVE

ABOUT THE MANDELA RULES OF THE UNITED NATIONS (A/RES 70/175) AND THE ORIGIN OF ITS PRINCIPLES IN THE ROMANISTIC PERSPECTIVE

Author(s): Jose Luis Zamora Manzano / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2018

The Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners constitute the universally recognized minimum standards for the management of prisons and the treatment of persons deprived of their liberty and have had immense value and influence in the development of prison laws, policies and practices In Member States around the world, in 2015 it was promulgated under the name Mandela Rules. In this study, we will analyze how some of its principles are already beginning to be glimpsed in Roman law in relation to improvement of the conditions of the confinement´s place.

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HUMANITAS IMPACTING IUS – THE CURIOUS CASE OF JUSTINIAN’S DIGEST. A LECTURE BETWEEN THE LINES OF HISTORY

HUMANITAS IMPACTING IUS – THE CURIOUS CASE OF JUSTINIAN’S DIGEST. A LECTURE BETWEEN THE LINES OF HISTORY

Author(s): Ionela Cuciureanu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

A society in decline, an emperor who has the ambition to maintain the Empire on the top of the civilized world and a legal system that seems to lose its unity soon. These are, in an over – synthetized presentation, the conditions where the masterpiece arises. The information we have regarding this work are impressive, although not enough to scatter all the fog that surrounds it: 2 000 books (with a total of 3 billion lines) studied by the compilers – that is twice the volume of the Digest after it has been edited, 15 famous Law professors (under the guidance of Tribonian, “quaestor sacri palati” ) that excerpted the original works, a large amount of practical cases, mirroring the avatars of the Roman world – and all these in only three years. The complexity of the work, as well as the obscurity that surrounds some aspects of the process of its creation have given birth to various controversies between scholars. Consequently, should we be interested in the study of the Digest, we cannot ignore controversial issues as the theories regarding the existence of the so – called Predigests, and the different reasons that lay at their foundation. Moreover, the practical cases that the jurists give as examples to justify their sentences (and the sentences in themselves) are a source for the principles used nowadays in the legal system. Furthermore, the two ways in which the original excerpts of the classical authors were modified by the compilers – the interpolations and the glosses – also present a particular interest in the global analysis of the text. All things considered, it can be stated that the Digest represent one of Justinian’s key achievements, one of the works that crucially influenced the evolution of the humanity. But beyond their practical utility, they remain the symbol of the collective soul of a people that concurred not only land, but principles, not only by sword, but by the depth of spirit and by the greatness of culture.

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THE LEGAL RULE LIBERUM CORPUS NULLAM RECIPIT AESTIMATIONEM IN THE EUROPEAN LEGAL HISTORY

THE LEGAL RULE LIBERUM CORPUS NULLAM RECIPIT AESTIMATIONEM IN THE EUROPEAN LEGAL HISTORY

Author(s): Milena Polojac / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

The legal rule liberum corpus nullam recipit aestimationem – the body of a free man does not admit of valuation (in monetary terms), is referred to in the Digest of Justinian several times (D. 9.1.3, D. 9.3.7). It is formulated by the famous Roman lawyer Gaius. It emerged as a response to the question of whether the body of a free man may be the subject of a claim for damages. The body of a free man is contrasted to the body of slaves whose value may certainly be subject to monetary valuation. This rule played an important role in the formation of provisions about civil liability for damage even after ancient slavery had ceased to exist. Many legal thinkers have been referring to it; the glossators, moral theologians, natural lawyers, the German usus modernus Pandectarum. The influence of this rule is evident also in the contemporary civil legislations.

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HUMANITAS IN EMPEROR UXORIUS’ LEGISLATION

HUMANITAS IN EMPEROR UXORIUS’ LEGISLATION

Author(s): Cristina Pop / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

Justinian’s administrative work and his religious efforts have been decisive for the development of human history. For Justinian, the notion of a Roman Empire was confused with that of Christian oikumene, and the victory of faith was not any less important to him than the restoration of Roman power and unity. His introduction of humanitas in his legislative work and the consequences that this entails was supported by the emperor’s religious convictions. From a legal standpoint, the beneficiaries of the term humanitas in Justinian’s time were women, children, slaves, the ill, the illiterate. Justinian's legal texts promoted, from a humanitas point of view, the woman’s legal position. Under the influence of the Christian Church, the legislation of the Byzantine Empire concerning marriage became increasingly severe. His legislation was strict and dominated the entire eastern Middle Age by aggravating the conditions required for two Roman citizens to divorce, disallowing divorce through mutual agreement, excepting situations in which both spouses wished to live in chastity. Not even the legal succession field was omitted from the stock of legal innovations brought about by Justinian. In the same time, as Justinian’s wife, Theodora must have influenced Justinian’s legislation with regards to the female status.

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МОТИВИТЕ НА ЕВРОПЕЙСКИЯ СЪД ПО ПРАВАТА НА ЧОВЕКА ПО ДЕЛОТО BOUYID V. BELGIUM И ТЕХНИТЕ КОРЕНИ В РИМСКАТА И В ЮДЕО-ХРИСТИЯНСКАТА ТРАДИЦИЯ

МОТИВИТЕ НА ЕВРОПЕЙСКИЯ СЪД ПО ПРАВАТА НА ЧОВЕКА ПО ДЕЛОТО BOUYID V. BELGIUM И ТЕХНИТЕ КОРЕНИ В РИМСКАТА И В ЮДЕО-ХРИСТИЯНСКАТА ТРАДИЦИЯ

Author(s): Zdravka Krasteva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2018

In 2015, the ECHR made a decision in Bouyid v. Belgium case that was, to a certain extent, surprising. The Court accepted that the slapping on the faces of two detainees by police officers was a violation of Art. 3 ECHR as it constitutes degrading treatment. Until then, it could be speculated that such minor offenses would not reach the threshold of severity to qualify as a violation of the Convention. However, according to the Court, the person's face expresses his individuality and when an assault on him is not strictly necessary, it constitutes a degrading treatment. This reasoning is based on the modern understanding of human dignity. This report, however, turns to its more distant roots, which can be found in the Roman concept of Humanitas and in the Judeo-Christian understanding of man created in the image of God. Although in these remote times violence against another human being is far more likely to be justified, it was then when the ideas emerged which are the key to a contemporary understanding of human dignity.

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LA DEFINIZIONE DELLA LIBERTÀ UMANA
DI FIORENTINO. IUS COME PARTE DELLA LIBERTAS

LA DEFINIZIONE DELLA LIBERTÀ UMANA DI FIORENTINO. IUS COME PARTE DELLA LIBERTAS

Author(s): Petruţ-George Bran / Language(s): Italian Issue: 2/2018

The definition of freedom as given by the Roman jurist Florentinus is influenced by natural law (ius naturale). This definition refers to human freedom. Along time, the concept of ius in the definition of freedom was translated / interpreted in various ways. The law (ius) as a limit of human will is included in the notion of Roman freedom (libertas).

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THE CHURCH AND THE STATE IN THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE:
THE HOLY AND THE PROFANE WITHIN SOCIETY

THE CHURCH AND THE STATE IN THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE: THE HOLY AND THE PROFANE WITHIN SOCIETY

Author(s): Ivanka Vasilevska / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

The historical and structural relationship between the Church and the Byzantine Empire form an important tradition. However, this topic is equally traditional, as it is current, especially in Europe. It addresses a particularly complex problem which contains in itself the elements of the relation between the Church and the Byzantine Empire. Specifically, we analyze the historical, cultural, legal, political and ideological aspects of these elements. In the present state of our knowledge, the byzantine life is seen as marked by constant change, although at the same time there was loyal adherence to certain traditions governing the outlook of both Church and Empire. As regards the Byzantine Empire, a specific relationship between Church and State is characteristic, so apart from the ruler who was chosen by the Lord himself, the role of the religious head was limited to the spiritual functions i.e. to the preservation of the purity of faith within the Church. Despite of this character of the relationships, the Emperor also occupied a special place in the church service. This mode of action of the Byzantine Emperor would later become known under the term of caesaropapism. It encompassed in itself the entire Orthodox ecumene which obediently received it.

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COGITATIO В ИМПЕРАТОРСКИТЕ КОНСТИТУЦИИ ОТ ДВАТА КОДЕКСА

COGITATIO В ИМПЕРАТОРСКИТЕ КОНСТИТУЦИИ ОТ ДВАТА КОДЕКСА

Author(s): Methody Shushkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2018

The lexeme of cogitatio is mentioned in the various texts of the jurists to the classical era (Giulian – D. 32.59, Scaevola – D. 34.1.13.1, Paul – D. 47.2.1.1, 48.10.22, Ulpian – D. 48.19.18 etc.). There are many sources of post-classical law for the notion of cogitation: from Antonin Pius to Justinian. The leges imperiales on cogitation are more numerous than the iura of classical jurists. It is obvious that for imperial legislation the notion of cogitation is important in the phraseology of the imperial chancery. The article explores the continuity and discontinuity of the imperial notion with this of the iurisprudentes veteres.

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Pleading for the implementation of human medically assisted reproduction and bio-technologies into the educational curriculum

Pleading for the implementation of human medically assisted reproduction and bio-technologies into the educational curriculum

Author(s): Maria Claudia Cuc,Alexandra Huidu / Language(s): English Issue: 8/2010

The extensive issues deriving from human medically assisted reproduction and bio-technologies are not a part of the present curriculum for lower education while the very few information that the teachers offer to their students are defective or out-of-date. In universities, this particular field of knowledge is taught in medical schools only, but the problems resulting from the legal vacuum that Romania has to confront today are the basic argument for promoting a non-biased position favoring the implementation of bio-technologies as a study subject in law schools’ curricula. The data brought up together by scientists up until now must be presented in a condensed manner, to allow an intensive approach of the subjects derived from modern science. This is the only way that may lead to a proper lower and higher education of those who are to become not only the scientists of the future but also of individuals able to show respect for the quality that changes us from simple living beings into humans: the dignity of our species.

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Women in Migration: Some Notes from the West Balkan Route

Women in Migration: Some Notes from the West Balkan Route

Author(s): Tina Ivnik / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2017

Gender is often overlooked, but important factor in research on migration. Women enter into migration experience as active individuals, but also encounter different difficulties than men do. Although it cannot be claimed that these differences are experienced by all women in the same way, we can conclude that they are the consequences of the gendered reality we live in. The article is discussing the gender specific experiences that female migrants encounter on their travel. It focuses on different forms of violence they are facing and on experiences of pregnant women. Furthermore, it deals with the legislation concerning refugees and tries to show how this legislation indirectly creates threats to women migrants while at the same time it is depriving them of power and victimizes them. It is based on understanding the legislature as man-centred, which means that it is mainly shaped by experiences of men while often not examining the specific experiences and needs of women. The data for the interpretations is non-structured and semi-structured interviews collected during field work in three refugee centers in Serbia. The interviews were mostly focused on experiences of women while traveling on the West Balkan route. They were further analyzed with anthropological and related literature.

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Guarding the Goods, Producing the State: Analysis of Narratives of Customs Officers

Guarding the Goods, Producing the State: Analysis of Narratives of Customs Officers

Author(s): Dejana Kostić / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

By focusing on narratives of customs officers from Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, I examine how technological and organizational change of customs work influences governance and sovereignty of the state and how customs officers produced a specific imaginary of the state through their narratives. Supporting the contention that the transnational flow of goods and people restructures rather than undermines the state power, the Serbian and Bosnian cases reveal how technological and organizational change of customs work opened up new arenas for an expression of state sovereignty and new modes of governance. Furthermore, I analyze narratives about unauthorized actions, or shady business as customs officers call it, as a mechanism through which “the state” is discursively constructed.

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