РЕНЕСАНСНА КОНЦЕПЦІЯ ДОЗВІЛЛЯ ЗА ТВОРАМИ ПЕТРАРКИ

Author(s): Iryna Vladislavovna Petrova / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 3/2017

Purpose of the research is to study theoretical reflections of leisure and leisure practices in the works of Petrarch, who found the important for Renaissance culture ideal of contemplative outdoor leisure. A methodology of the research consists in using methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization as well as terminological, ideological-substantial and historical approaches. It gave a chance to reveal the features of formation of Renaissance model of leisure that emerges at the crossroads of theological and anthropocentric integral coordinates. Scientific novelty lies in the fact that in the national culturology it is the first attempt to form the Renaissance conception of perfect leisure (through the works of Petrarch) and to justify its features. The study characterizes the principles, which form the basis of Renaissance leisure, among them there are knowledge of God, knowledge of myself and others; belief in intellective power and opportunities of human improvement, the necessary condition for which is "calm clearness of soul" and development of the own dignity and humanity and combination of moral, religious and social constituents of the process of formation of personality. Conclusion. It has been proved that ideal of Renaissance leisure is leisure devoted to literary and science study and philosophical con-templation and spiritual self-perfection. The paper explains that conditions of contemplative leisure are solitude that gives person happiness and calm having a joyful leisure in its base, while urban style of life is based on dull work; "internal freedom" and availability of free time and friend, who makes solitude bearable without disturbing it; intellectually full lessons not limited by any external conditions; certain level of "preparation" and ability of personality to solitary life. A sense of such solitude and style of life consists in achieving human happiness that is impossible without leisure and freedom

Значението на понятието на Самуел Пуфендорф за Entia Moralia във философията на естественото право. Исторически преглед

Author(s): Irakli Taboridze / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 2/2018

The aim of the article is to investigate the idea of moral entities (entia moralia), one of the two main original intellectual concepts contributed to natural law philosophy by the famous German thinker of the 17th century Samuel Pufendorf. The article clarifies the relevance of the idea in an interdisciplinary perspective, emphasizing the historical discourse of the philosophy of law. The article gives a precise classification and explanation of the forms of entia moralia, such as person, status, quality and quantity, distinguishing them from entia physica, and demonstrates the significance of this distinction for the philosophy of natural law.Hopefully, the discussion will deepen our knowledge on some essential questions of early modern natural law philosophy and explore the traces Samuel Pufendorf left in this field; it will also increase interest in contemporary research on the moral issues involved in new classical natural law theory.

Идеите на Възраждането remake и славянската философия на Петър Берон

Author(s): Nina Dimitrova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 2/2018

The article examines the presence of Peter Beron’s ideas in different types of nationalism in the interwar years in Bulgaria, especially in the latter part of that period. The works of Peter Beron, a Bulgarian educator and author of numerous scientific works written in French and German, were used in the 1930s to support “revival attempts”. His encyclopedic legacy was interpreted in terms of National Romanticism and Slavic messianism, and seen as evidence of the affiliation of Bulgarians to Europe or as a specific national type of philosophizing.

Съчиненията на г-н П. Берон пред учений французкий свят

Author(s): Ivan Kasabov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2018

ГУМАНІСТИЧНІ ІДЕАЛИ ПІВНІЧНОГО РЕНЕСАНСУ В "УТОПІЇ" ТОМАСА МОРА

Author(s): Julia Sergeevna Sabadash,Josef Moyseyovych Nikolchenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 4/2017

The purpose of the research is to analyze the peculiarities of humanistic mentality of the Northern Renaissance. The authors suggest a modern consideration of the formation of the humanistic mentality in Europe of the XVI century, analyzing treatise by Thomas More ‘The Utopia". The article presents the characteristics of the country Utopia, as an original form of the society, where the main factor is the understanding of social and spiritual ideal. In this context there presented a figure of Thomas More as a first humanist of the period of the North Renaissance. The methodology of the research lies in usage of historical, cultural, systematic, bibliographical, cultural and theoretical and generalizing methods. Mentioned above methods allow to present the dynamics of cultural and historical process of development of the Northern Renaissance, systematizing separate culture events in England of the XVI century, to analyze vital and creative way by Thomas More in the context of this epoch, to comprehend the dynamics of general cultural process in Europe of the XVI century and to resume the research. Scientific novelty is caused by wide usage of the biographical method, based on which the analysis of the ideals "The Utopia" and the life of Thomas More are united. Personal life of Thomas More and his behavior before the death turned out to be a certain embodiment of the humanistic moral ideal, realization of the conception of dignity and studies about person’s freedom. Conclusions. Having analyzed ‘The Utopia’ there becomes evident its inclination to the basis of the Renaissance humanism. It synthesizes everything that humanistic thought achieved, including new impulses for the development of society conscience of the epoch. In the form of Utopian statehood there worked out economic, political, moral and juridical structure that corresponded to the concept of man, formed in the Renaissance culture. In fact, the way of Utopian life, where there were canceled private property, money usage, inherited privileges, became a certain culmination of humanistic conception about organization of society that raises educated and honest people. Namely, humanists infinitely ardent in learning sciences and arts and upbringing of civility, were meant to play the first role in the state, based on the principals of unity, without overburdening with the dependence from the benevolence and fancies of richness and gentility. Though future history of the development of world civilization did not formulate "ideal society" in practice, "The Utopia" by T. More became an attempt of the answer of humanistic thought to the tragic contradiction of the epoch with ideal of the classless society organization with dominating philosophical, ethic, social and political ideals of humanism. Forming and maintaining them, Thomas More relied on the principals of the worldview, gained by the development of the culture of Renaissance epoch.

ABOUT STUPIDITY AND MORALITY IN POLITICS ACCORDING TO ANDRÉ GLUCKSMANN

Author(s): Nicolae Iuga / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 11/2017

Generally, the historical moment of separating the moral of politics is placed upon the appearance of Machiavelli's writings. There is, however, in the same century, a less famous French thinker, Jean Bodin (1530-1569), who performs the same operation as Machiavelli, a writer analyzed by André Glucksmann. After Bodin, the idea of sovereignty is what allows us to explain why the state is preserved as existence. The state is good because it exists, because it survives, and it does not exist because it would be good. So political philosophy frees itself from all servitude to Ethics. On the other hand, under the conditions of nuclear arming, politicians can not totally abstain from the moral norms called upon to regulate political relations. Thus Max Weber's idea is that the politician has to practice an ethic of responsibility, that is, to seek to provide as much as possible the consequences of his actions and to assume responsibility for his decisions.

Tjelovježba i igranje-igara u četirima konstrukcijama sretnog ljudskog života

Author(s): Matija Mato Škerbić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 02/154/2019

The paper was prompted by B. H. Suitsʼ construction of Utopia and solutions for the meaningful and happy life of every single human, presented in The Grasshopper: Games, Life and Utopia (1978). The author considers, critically evaluates and confronts the role of human physical exercise and game-playing in four constructions of meaningful and happy human life, presented in three Renaissance philosophical writings: De optimo reipublicae statu deque nova insula Utopia libelous (1516) by T. More, La città felice (1553) by F. Patricius, and Civitas Solis. Idea reipublicae philosophicae (1603) by T. Campanella, with the aforementioned B. H. Suitsʼ postmodern writing. The authorʼs thesis is that Suitsʼ solution to human meaningful and full life, which consists in constant game-playing or engaging in only autotelic and intrinsically valuable activities, contains all the leisured intentions of other considered constructions. Moreover, although Suits aims at contemporary humans, it is a solution for all historical periods, conditions or circumstances.

ÎN CĂUTAREA CERTITUDINII – NICOLAUS CUSANUS, MATEMATICA ŞI LOGICA MODERNITĂŢII

Author(s): Stelian Manolache,Stelian Manolache / Language(s): Romanian,Moldavian Issue: 2/2020

Our study aims to capture and evaluate how deeply inspired is the mathematical method, which Nicolaus Cusanus (1401–1464) used to substantiate his philosophical thinking, and in wich this method, constitutes a preamble to rationalism and positivism of the modern thinking. For this purpose, we will not refer to the main philosophical work of the cardinal - De docta ignorantia (1440), and we will insist both on the content and the theological-philosophical implications of those data, elements and themes of the Cusanian thought that anticipate the secular logic of contemporaneity, as well as on the effective way in which all these have influenced, over centuries and in ways that will prove, each time, paradoxically, the great themes of modernity.

Brunova koncepcija mnoštva svjetova

Author(s): Šejla Avdić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 7/2020

The article presents Giordano Bruno's life and philosophical thoughts. The review is directed towards his determination of the One and the conflict he faced before his opinion, that is, life in the period when the Inquisition determined life or death in relation to the thinking of individuals. Bruno sought to survive free and persevering in the struggle for his thought, because living a life filled with dogmas and institutional “truths” is not a free life, and what is life if we spend it in a cave.

THREE VISIONS OF INNER SELF AND HUMAN IDENTITY IN THE RENNAISSANCE PHILOSOPHY

Author(s): Adriana Cîteia / Language(s): English Issue: XVII/2020

To understand the multiple identity it is useful the primordialist approach in the area of anthropologic studies. According to this, the individual models his identity starting from the ontological premises represented by the grid of reality reading, offered by the appartenance to a certain cultural archetypology. The coercion of the archetypes differs from one person to another and from one epoch to another, being motivated by the historical context and by the dynamics of the relations with the others. The platonic and Christian model of the “unity with the self”, of the mind as unitary space is pulverized, the consequence being the assuming of multiple role identities and of interpersonal identities which protect the intimacy of the individual, but which produce distancing from the others and the “cult of authenticity”.The study aim to offer threedifferent paradigms of approaching the Inner self: the Classical paradigm of self knowledge and the Middle Age paradigm wich implies the metamorphosis of identity, conditioned by ascetism as self work or by complicity with the self, în Rennaissance and post Rennaissance Philosophy. The main sources are Sebastian Brant, Pico della Mirandola and Michel de Montaigne.

The Reception of Sappho in the Italian Renaissance: Biographical Tradition and Early Editions of the Sapphic Works

Author(s): Anna Griva / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

In this article the survival of the sapphic fragments of the ancient times in Renaissance period is examined. More specifically the reappearance of the sapphic verses is presented concerning the first publications (editio princeps) and the most widespread texts of ancient authors during West Renaissance. These texts were the primary sources, on which the later publications of the sapphic work were based, while they also had a great influence on the reception of the ancient poet by the Renaissance writers.

Giordano Bruno i ars memoriae: između znanosti i magije

Author(s): Aleksandar Ostojić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 04/156/2019

The relationship of tradition towards Bruno is twofold, and the analysis of this relationship will show that Bruno is interpreted either as a pioneer of new science or as a mystic, mage, and follower of hermetic tradition. Following these two viewpoints, Bruno’s ars memoriae will be interpreted either as a mere memory technique in the service of empirical science or as an occult, magical art. This paper aims to open up and analyse the ways by which we can approach and understand Bruno and his method, that goes beyond the mentioned strict division. In the period of Renaissance, which represents an incredible combination of tradition and the new, magic and science do not exclude one another; in search for knowledge, each method finds its proper place. Ars memoriae is precisely that: a universal method that allows knowledge to be understood in its multiplicity. In this paper, we will present some of the key elements of Bruno’s philosophy, by exploring different interpretations and perspectives, and show why Bruno was understood and interpreted in the way in which he was and why is it necessary to access the ars memoriae by striving to unite scientific and magical elements. In Bruno’s thought there are many places where scientific and magical are not only not opposed to each other, but are complementary, and represent an inseparable whole within which knowledge is commonplace both to former and latter. The task, therefore, is not to analyse ars memoriae in detail, but to examine possible approaches to that method. Understanding of Bruno depends upon understanding his method of ars memoriae.

Verita effettuale della cosa politica u Makijavelijevoj Mandragoli

Author(s): Bojan Kovačević,Marko Simendić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 03/2020

In The Mandrake, Machiavelli uses the form of a comedic play to point at a way of establishing a constitution suitable for people who put their personal interest before the common good. In this paper we first present the play’s characters as champions of an age that is radically deprived of sense and purpose. In Ligurio’s plan to win over the beautiful but married Lucretia, we recover the guidelines for the peaceful creation of a new constitution within the shadows of the old political system which, debilitated and weak, offers no resistance. Finally, in this seemingly frivolous play, we uncover a pathway to a hidden revolution, accomplished by the statesman’s bravado and his advisor’s cunning. We conclude that in The Mandrake Machiavelli sketches up the scenario which never got sufficient attention in his other works: how to establish a good constitution within a corrupt republic.

Антикизированные эмблемы Альциата

Author(s): Evgeny Sergeevich Danilov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2020

Emblems are visible metaphors, a synthesis of words and images. They traditionally embodied simple earthly truths, moral standards, and political principles. Emblem studies is a special historical discipline studying symbolic representations of certain notions or ideas. Scholars distinguish several sources of this discipline: Egyptian hieroglyphics; epigrammatic, fabular, and numismatic heritage of the Classical Antiquity; medieval fabliau and proverbs; bestiary images of both epochs. In this paper, the “Emblemata” created by Andrea Alciato (1492–1550), a Late Renaissance writer and erudite, was analyzed. Particular attention was drawn to certain groups of mythological characters and historical personalities of the classical antiquity. The prevailing appeal to mythological creatures was noticed. The main works of Greek and Roman authors, which became sources for A. Alciato, were revealed. In particular, the “Palatine Anthology”, the fables of Aesop and Avian were an important source of inspiration for A. Alciato. The analysis is based on 155 symbolic compositions (73% of the total number) and indicates a close connection of A. Alciato’s emblematic intention with the literary heritage of the classical antiquity. The book of the Italian humanist was originally intended for the erudite public. The theoretical ideas of subsequent emblematists were also based on Greco-Roman sources. A. Alciato was the first in this genre.

За Декартовите Notae in programma (Бележки към една прокламация)

Author(s): Constantin Yanakiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2021

Descartes Notae in Programma quoddam (Commentaries on a Certain Broadsheet) are translated for the first time from Latin into Bulgarian. Written at the end of 1647, they contain Descartes’ reaction to his former Dutch adherent Henricus Regius, provoked by a broadsheet published shortly before. The 21 theses contained in the broadsheet are quoted in full by Descartes. Although Cartesian in character, some of Regius’s theses show a considerable deviation from his master’s views, and Descartes felt it necessary to publicly repudiate them. He also took the occasion to answer some attacks by Dutch opponents. The text is preceded by a short commentary on the historical context of Cartesianism’s reception and diffusion in Holland.

Medieval and Renaissance Philosophers on Education

Author(s): Tetiana Viktorivna Danylova,Ihor Mykolayovych Hoian / Language(s): English Issue: 10/2020

Philosophical understanding of education is a logical continuation of philosophical interpretation of the world and human beings in it. Therefore, it is not surprising that such an important social sphere has attracted the attention of philosophers for centuries. Even a cursory glance at their concepts reveals that they have touched upon most issues that are still relevant today. The paper attempts to briefly describe the educational ideas of Titus Flavius Clemens, Origen, Saint Augustine, Boethius, Thomas Aquinas, Francesco Petrarch, Vittorino de Feltre, Michel de Montaigne, Erasmus of Rotterdam, Thomas More, Tommaso Campanella. The authors used hermeneutical, cultural-historical, and integrative approaches.

Russ Leo, Tragedy as Philosophy in the Reformation World

Author(s): Wojciech Kordyzon / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2020

Review of: Wojciech Kordyzon - Russ Leo, Tragedy as Philosophy in the Reformation World, Oxford 2019, Oxford University Press, ss. XIV, 293

К ИСТОРИИ АНТИЧНОГО КЛАССИЦИЗМА

Author(s): Ilya KOLESNIKOV / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2021

The article discusses the genesis of classicism in the Antiquity. At first, we give a brief retrospective review of the concept of “classic” until to the Renaissance, then the emergence on this concept in Aulus Gellius and Cicero. Further, we present a retrospective history of the classical tendency on the example of the disputes between Asians and Atticists, neoterics and lovers of old poetry, and in the ancient attitude towards the plastic arts. Hereafter the article focuses on the Hellenistic poets and philologists and, finally, we trace the origin of the classical tendency in the classical age – particularly, the creation of lists of «selected writers», the development of artistic canons and the relationship between classicism in arts and the pursuit of the old and «good» mores.

Yönetim Felsefesi Bağlamında Doğu ve Batı İttihad Eder mi? Gazali ve Machiavelli Üzerinden Hermenötik Bir Değerlendirme

Author(s): Tuğba ÇİÇEK,Yunus Emre TAŞGİT,Zülkif DAĞLI / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 29/2021

In this study, it is aimed to compare the views of Ghazali and Machiavell including their experiences on successful management, and to examine the situation / possibility of the Eastern and Western view points in the context of management philosophy. Gazali and Machiavell are people who live in different cultural conditions and present philosophically original perspectives to the field of management with their theoretical and practical inference, advice and experience in these periods. This reflections are relatively continuing today. In this direction, the Works called “Nasihatü'l-Muluk” addressed by Ghazali representing the East, and “Prens” written by Machiavell representing the West, were evaluated with an approach that takes in to account the basic principles of the qualitative research method. In addition to identifying the original aspects, common views and different points of view of thinkers about management, the features of the unification of both philosophies have been the subject of discussion. According to the results of the book reviews, Ghazali's managerial thoughts were collected in 17 categories and Machiavell's manageria lthoughts were collected in 14 categories. Both philosophies have close perspectives on issues such as the characteristics that a manager should have, communication management, commanding and obedience, referring to the opinions of others, and qualifications required in assistants. However, it has been determined that these philosophies differ significantly on the conceptual and emotional level in terms of their point of view, especially in specific issues such as generosity, punishment, resorting to violence and hostility.

ODRODZENIE W PRAWDZIE MIŁOŚCI

Author(s): Stanisław Grygiel / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

In his philosophical and, at the same time, poetic essay, the author describes the crisis of contemporary culture and reflects on its causes, while looking for the sources of hope for the future and indicating possible paths leading to a renaissance. The main inspiration for the considerations presented in the essay is the output of Karol Wojtyła—John Paul II, but the author draws also on works by such thinkers and poets as Plato, Dante Alighieri, Johann Wolfgang Goethe, and Thomas Stearns Eliot.