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The course of training in philosophy has been opened in 1992–93 year. Now it has full term accreditation for 6 years and it is on the 2th place in the national ranking of specialties. 14 young doctors in Philosophy graduated in Veliko Turnovo. Our Faculty has been accepted as national and international center of philosophical researches and education.
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Generally, the historical moment of separating the moral of politics is placed upon the appearance of Machiavelli's writings. There is, however, in the same century, a less famous French thinker, Jean Bodin (1530-1569), who performs the same operation as Machiavelli, a writer analyzed by André Glucksmann. After Bodin, the idea of sovereignty is what allows us to explain why the state is preserved as existence. The state is good because it exists, because it survives, and it does not exist because it would be good. So political philosophy frees itself from all servitude to Ethics. On the other hand, under the conditions of nuclear arming, politicians can not totally abstain from the moral norms called upon to regulate political relations. Thus Max Weber's idea is that the politician has to practice an ethic of responsibility, that is, to seek to provide as much as possible the consequences of his actions and to assume responsibility for his decisions.
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The article is devoted to the Latin poem De spledidissimo Christi Jesu triumpho carmen by Martin Kromer who was one of the biggest writers of the Polish Renaissance. A theme of the work is time when Jesus Christ became alive again three days after his death. The theme are also miraculous events which took place after his Resurrection. The poet is supplementing records of the Gospel, introducing into his poem the action which isn’t complicated. He is talking about guards who stood by the grave. He is also describing the reaction of the nature which expressed its sadness because of the death of the Saviour. In the context of the report on the Resurrection, the poet is referring to the figures of ancient world belonging both to mythology, as well to history. In his artistic work Kromer isn’t presenting typical Apocrypha, he proposes a different perspective, having only character of the Apocrypha.
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The Assayer of Galileo Galilei is a classic of Italian literature. This is not only because of its formal qualities - in fact The Assayerbelongs to the most important current of Italian literature, which aims at drawing the map of what people know and what people do not know (I. Calvino). The Assayer was written in the context of the discussion on comets, and responds, paragraph by paragraph, to the Libra astronomica ac philosophica firmed by Lotario Sarsi (the pen-name of Orazio Grassi). Many authors have commented this book, so important for the methodology of modern science, and Galileo's rhetoric was always indicated as one of the most significant components of this 'opera'. From the formal (i.e. rhetorical) point of view The Assayer is an example of the judicial, defensive speech. Nevertheless, in the book one can notice the presence of the epideictic speech, to which belongs the famous tale/apologue of sound. In this essay a rhetorical and narratological analysis of the apologue in question is proposed. Different interpretations of the tale are discussed, and the special attention is paid to the argument attributed to the pope Urban VIII. The tale seems to be the founding narrative of the way in which the scientist confronts himself with the nature - the point which A. Banfi expressed in his conception of copernican model of man.
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Giordano Bruno (1548 – 1600) is regarded as the principal representative of the infinite and homogenous universe. Bruno has a modern rational mind by no means. However, his doctrine has so deeply influenced the reconstruction of a modern understanding of the material of universe and human body. His process of rebuilding the cosmology and humanity consists in learning the individual’s psychical condition and the relations between society and man. The links between the components of the brunian organic universe can be generated spontaneously from “love-Eros” for the mundane life of its infinite expansion. And in his organic universe, Bruno considers and desires all beings to be alive, all to be animated.And from this doctrine, his predilection for the magic is derived, which is based precisely on the presupposition of a universal “panpsychism” aiming to take possession of the natural world with artifices.
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The paper discusses Leibniz’s project for a lingua universalis undertaken in his first period, 1666- 1679, when he was enthusiastic about the possibility of creating a universal language based on the “alphabet of human thought”, which he viewed as the “most important instrument for the perfection of the human mind”. The article analyzes the main issue confronted by the young Leibniz, i.e., the creation of a list of “primitive notions”, also discussed by Descartes in his letter to Mersenne from 20th November 1629. Leibniz’s response to the issues raised by Descartes is outlined together with how he resolved them by means of the theory of so-called “blind thought” (cogitatio caeca). The article concludes with a brief account of the influence these ideas in Leibniz’s work had on the 19th century pioneers of modern logic.
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The reflections on civilization, barbarism, and their intricate relationship, which were put forward in ancient Greece, from Herodotus to Aristotle, had a longterm impact. In the mid-16th century debate which took place in Valladolid, between Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda and Bartolomé de Las Casas, about the status of the native populations of the New World, the Latin translations of Aristotle’s Politics, and its comment by St. Thomas Aquinas, proved to be especially relevant for both opponents. Were Indian natives comparable to Aristotle’s “natural slaves”? Was the war against them comparable to hunting wild beasts? The paper focuses on the debate and its contemporary implications.
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Kada Platon u Sofistu kaže da je “teško i mučno uloviti rod sofista (218 d) onda se on, ne htijući, negativno određuje od brzopletih i jednoznačnih interpretacija. Nije s toga čudno što, shvatajući kompleksnost (za)datog, sugeriše Teetetu da, ponajprije, okušaju metodu istraživanja na drugom lakšem predmetu... Bez obzira, dakle, što ih izrijekom naziva majstorima u protivurječenju (225b), šesti oblik u kojem se manifestuje sofističko umijeće, iako prijeporno, kao da protivurječi Platonovoj osnovnoj nakani.
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The man’s position in relation to knowledge forms and regaining his dignity in terms of its unity as a being endowed with mind and soul is the essence of the epistemological theory of ethics. The thesis from which we start the new foundation of ethical theories is that: in conditions of freedom or adaptation / surviving, within the size of which the perception, representation, intention and action may bring about, one can see the human nature endowed with mind and soul. Knowledge theories aim the man and his entire ethical value that finds itself in the manner of government and social and moral living. Between the man’s „evil” and „good” we must explain the idea of solidarity, justice, truth and freedom. Within the universal value of the soul, the history of religions finds its place and the ethical values largely justify both the life here, and especially the one beyond. Or, in this new light it is required to see the ethical value of man and necessary alliances are needed that initially would require putting together those individual researches in various fields that complete harmonization of knowledge. This fact would imply a unity in diversity of ethical theories about man and society. Within the architecture of the new theory of epistemological ethics the value of human ethics and the role of ethics in theory of knowledge can be seen.
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Erasmus in Rotterdam analyze the forms of self-exploration and the need of a subjective pantheon, capable of replacing the classical mythology and the Christian one. The trickster goddess of Madness from the Erasmi enkomion is an ephemeral god of private happiness. The individual assumes the liberty of reconstructing his interior space.
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Essay writing by Michel de Montaigne (1533-1592) and Francis Bacon (1561-1626) are analysed in this article. The hypothesis raised is that the essay writing by F. Bacon is formal whereas that by M. de Montaigne is informal. F.Bacon regards the form of the essay as an alternative to the language of the natural sciences. He provides a reader with Essays or Counsels: Civil and Moral. The initiator of the personal essay is M. de Montaigne. He creates narrative identity and considers his own “I” as an inseparable part of the Essay. This article deals with the approach of philosophy towards literature following an analysis on the issue of truth making. Certain aspects of stylistics are discussed - applying the principle of irony and the meaning of quotations. The examination reveals how the process occurs while the author creates his/her identity and what conditions are required to consider the essay form as an alternative to philosophical discourse. Additionally this work emphasizes the origin of the essay genre which links artistic and scientific discourse.
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Essay writing by Michel de Montaigne (1533-1592) and Francis Bacon (1561-1626) are analysed in this article. The hypothesis raised is that the essay writing by F. Bacon is formal whereas that by M. de Montaigne is informal. F.Bacon regards the form of the essay as an alternative to the language of the natural sciences. He provides a reader with Essays or Counsels: Civil and Moral. The initiator of the personal essay is M. de Montaigne. He creates narrative identity and considers his own “I” as an inseparable part of the Essay. This article deals with the approach of philosophy towards literature following an analysis on the issue of truth making. Certain aspects of stylistics are discussed - applying the principle of irony and the meaning of quotations. The examination reveals how the process occurs while the author creates his/her identity and what conditions are required to consider the essay form as an alternative to philosophical discourse. Additionally this work emphasizes the origin of the essay genre which links artistic and scientific discourse.
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Jedno je nesporno u najrazličitijim pristupima Renesanse, osim rijetkih izuzetaka, za novum koji ona sobom (do)nosi, ima da zahvalimo čovjeku pod kojim se, po pravilu misli na muškarca. Ulogu žene, pri čemu se počeci Renesanse ne razlikuju mnogo od srednjovjekovnog tretiranja iste, u dramaturgiji tadašnjeg življenja nije se u bitnome mijenjala. Uglavnom spremačica i roditeljica eonima daleko od akademskih, obrazovnih, stvaralačkih i političkih djelatnosti, da i ne spominjemo neobuzdane zabave, hedonizam naprimjer i tome slično.
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Usprkos golemoj i teško savladivoj poteškoći—slaboj očuvanosti izvorne građe — što se još uvijek postavlja kao prepreka konačnoj ocjeni franjevačke djelatnosti, osnovni sud, da su franjevci srednjovjekovnu Bosnu oplemenili zapadnoeuropskim kulturnim sadržajima, i pored toga ne može biti doveden u pitanje.
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In the text, which consists of the first two parts of the second chapter of Descartes Politico, Antonio Negri defines the change in the thought of René Descartes which took place at the end of the third decade of the 17th century. A crucial category in Descartes’ thought –conjuncture — is connected closely with the economic downturn and deep crisis of the Renaissance project. Negri tries to capture the moment of birth of the “baroque” Descartes and points to a dynamic tension between Descartes’ philosophy (at that particular moment) and a libertine worldview. This ambiguous relation with libertinism (which is the answer to the decline of Renaissance hopes and aspirations) is, according to Negri, the starting point for the Cartesian search for a way to overcome the crisis.
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Ovi tekstovi su predviđeni kao zapisi, zapamćenja i ulomci koji su predavani još 1979./80. godine, kao i tekstovi prisjećanja i elemenata koje sam zapamtio predajući niz godina filozofiju u srednjim školama te na sveučilištu Hercegovina (Fakultetu društvenih znanosti). Naravno, nije riječ o povijesti filozofije, već o tekstovima koji su zapisani, zacrtani u mnogim udžbenicima i hrestomatijama, pa je tako ovaj tekst – čitateljski, koji može poslužiti u pojedinim slučajevima kao podsjećanje na izvođenje nekih nastavnih jedinica.
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The Assayer of Galileo Galilei is a classical text of the Italian literature. It was written in the context of discussions on comets and is a response, word by word, to the Libra astronomica ac philosophica signed by Lotario Sarsi but in fact written by Orazio Grassi. From the formal (i.e. rhetorical) point of view the Assayer is an example of the judicial, defensive speech. However, in the book one can also see the presence of the epideictic speech. The epideictic speech praises the methodological values of the Copernican vision of the universe, and blames those involved in the Aristotelian and Ptolemaic approaches. In the sixth section of the Assayerthere is a famous group of four rhetorical periods in which one can notice the presence of the new interpretation of the antique metaphor of the book. The rhetorical exercise developed in this essay tries to disentangle the complex node of this metaphor and gives its new interpretation. It seems that for Galileo the metaphor is not a trope but passes to the topica. At the end some considerations on dialectics of Galileo are also proposed.
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In the fourteenth centuryEngland, we can talk about the existence of associations or societies founded on thewell-known principles of the chivalric orders, but secretly operating, whose memberssought a way of discreet and favorable life for unfolding philanthropic anonymousactivities, and – in particular – a contemplative life, like a monk, based on prayer andmeditation. It is very possible that such “speculative societies” have contributed to theemergence of an environment conducive to the development of a way of life, andespecially of a speculative way of thinking, favoring the establishment of organizationalstructures that practiced Christian esotericism.
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Giordano Bruno has been described as a philosopher, a mathematician, a poet and a mage: all of these terms depict a different aspect of the multi-faceted thinker he was. The development of his original and anti-dogmatic views is partly due to a constant confrontation with different philosophical, scientific and religious doctrines that Scholasticism did not share. Our aim in this article is to clarify the role of the Islamic tradition and its figures in relation to the thought of Giordano Bruno. There is no comprehensive study about this topic, though academics found a consistent connection between the philosophy of Bruno and Latin Averroism.Other topics concerning the Nolan philosopher and the Arabic sources deserve our attention: for example, aspects regarding the Western reception of Islamic science and pseudoscience (astronomy, astrology and alchemy in particular). Philological investigations establish that Bruno read Latin translations of Arabic works and found theories of medieval Muslim thinkers on secondary sources: in fact, he was familiar with authors like al-Ghazali, Avempace and Averroes, as he mentioned them in his works. In order to understand to what extent the Islamic tradition influenced Bruno, we analyzed and contextualized his references concerning the Arabs and the Persians. We concluded that he had an interest in the scientific and philosophical theories of the Muslims, but his overall view on Islam was vague and conditioned by the beliefs of his historical period. Moreover,we highlighted that Averroes was the only Islamic thinker who significantly influenced Bruno; though, the thought of the Nolan has more points in common with Averroism, rather than with the actual philosophy of Averroes.
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