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Μίμησις et Ἀνάμνησις. Les théories d’Aristote et de Platon fondues dans la musique de Ravel et dans la danse de Béjart.

Author(s): Simona Nicolae / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2021

Starting from Ravel’s “Bolero”, choreographically transposed by Maurice Béjart and integrated in the movie “Les Uns et les Autres” (directed by Claude Lelouch), I intend to reveal how the Plato's doctrine of anamnesis and the Aristotle’s theory of mimesis transcend the philosophical language and rebuild the concepts of space and time in relation to the human being, through music, dance, or scenography. This analysis follows, essentially, the rhythm, melos and gesture variation superposed over an ascendent linear progression that evolves in syncretic harmony, in different languages. I also look on to the symbolic accumulation of certain fundamental concepts of Plato’s gnoseology and Aristotle’s poetics, transposed in the auditive and visual arts language. The memory and the remembrance of birth, love, and death as attributes of existence, the knowledge as a mythical memory of the primordial elements (water, earth, fire and air), the rhythm imitation of the world, day, night, breath and love, and the meaning of the three principles (the unity of action, place, and time) are the landmarks followed by this analysis, until the abrupt end of the score, choreography and movie scene.

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პლატონის „გამოქვაბულის მითის“ მხატვრული ტრანსფორმაცია კლაივ ლუისის „ნარნიის ქრონიკებში“

Author(s): Nino Nikolaishvili / Language(s): Georgian Issue: 1/2022

The classic works in the fantasy genre of C.S. Lewis’ ,,The Chronicles of Narnia" follow the mythological tradition with all their archetypal and mythological arsenal. The Chronicles are another unique version of cosmogonic myths, which are reworked and, therefore, go far beyond the mythical idea of cosmogony. According to the myth-archetypal embroidery, the Chronicles also begin the post-cosmogonic era of the ,,Golden Age“ (Crete-Yuga), which continues with successive regressive yugas and ends with the end of the eschatological world. In the Chronicles of Narnia by Clive Lewis, we find not only mythological and religious archetypes and paradigms, but also the influence of philosophers on them. The philosophy of Plato, his world of ideas, and the myth of the cave deserve special attention. Lewis' fiction is saturated with platonic elements. This is most evident in The Last Battle, where Narnia, described in the previous six chapters, differs from Narnia in ,,The Last Battle“. Plato's influence is evident in Lewis's Chronicles of Narnia. Knowledge of the works of Plato and a great interest in him is visible in the texts of Lewis. It is also evident that Plato's ideas merged with his own and were viewed in mythological, Christian, and philosophical terms. Some elements of Christian Platonism in Lewis' fiction are easily recognizable, while some of them are so embedded in Lewis's theology that their Greek origins are almost indistinguishable or difficult to understand. Lewis's vision of the sky, conveyed in the final battle, the disappearance of old Narnia and the creation of a new, real heavenly Narnia that we did not know before, corresponds to the idea of "form" and "copy". Narnia, in which children traveled and constantly had to free themselves from enemies or witches, turns out to be a copy, imaginary, in contrast to the real, eternal Narnia. Both, Plato, and Lewis both believed in an immutable world of ideas that included eternal, objective, and ethnic standards. They also concluded that this current, transitory world is a shadow of a more real-world outside of it. Lewis's ,,Last battle“ is syncretic. The events reflected in it clearly show the influence of Christian eschatology, Scandinavian mythology, and Greek philosophy.

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«ОМОНИМЫ», «СИНОНИМЫ» И «ПАРОНИМЫ» В ПОЗДНЕАНТИЧНОЙ ЛОГИКЕ И ГРАММАТИЧЕСКОЙ ТЕОРИИ

Author(s): Dmitrii Chernoglazov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2022

The subject of this article is the interpretation of the concepts “homonym”, “synonym” and “paronym” in the logic and grammatical theory of the Late Ancient / early Byzantine period (3rd–6th c.). Within the framework of the logical tradition, the theory of homonymy, synonymy and paronymy is developed, first of all, in the commentaries to Aristotle’s “Categories” written by Porphyry, Ammonius, Simplicius, etc., within the framework of grammatical theory – in the “Art of Grammar” by Dionysius of Thrace and its Byzantine scholia to it. Analysis of these texts shows that both disciplines paid great attention to these concepts: they were embedded in a broader terminological context; their definitions were refined and detailed; various methods of classification of homonyms and paronyms were developed. Many issues have been the subject of controversy and disagreement, for example, the problem of the relationship between metaphor, analogy and homonymy, or the methods of classification of homonyms. Significant disagreements persisted between the two disciplines: from the point of view of grammar and logic, all three concepts were interpreted differently, but the interpretation of synonymy differed most clearly. Contemporaries were aware of these contradictions between logic and grammar, noted and analyzed them.

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MOSES ATTIKIDZON: ФИЛОСОФИЯ И РЕЛИГИОЗНАЯ ПОЛИТИКА В АНТИЧНОЙ АЛЕКСАНДРИИ

Author(s): Eugene Afonasin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2022

The "biblical origin" of the basic ideas of Hellenic philosophy. This idea, perhaps strange to the modern reader, was almost universally accepted in the first centuries of CE and goes back at least to Aristobulus and Philo of Alexandria. Lately this concept, very useful indeed in justifying philosophy and the legitimacy of its inclusion in the Judeo-Christian worldview, became quite widespread. Clement (the first Christian author to refer openly to Philo) does not doubt the simple fact that the Greek sages either borrowed their teachings directly from Moses and the Jewish ministers themselves, or received them from above as a revelation of the true God, which must therefore be no different from the law given to Moses. The purpose of this publication is to illustrate this aspect of ancient intellectual history by a selection of relevant sources.

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ДАМАСКИЙ В АЛЕКСАНДРИИ (2) ИЗБРАННЫЕ ФРАГМЕНТЫ ЕГО «ФИЛОСОФСКОЙ ИСТОРИИ»

Author(s): Eugene Afonasin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2022

In the paper, I trace the evolution of the Neoplatonic school in Alexandria on the basis of select fragments from Damascius’ “Philosophical History,” translated into Russian for the first time. The fragments concern the Alexandrian intellectual scene of the second part of the fifth century (fragments 72–96 Athanassiadi). Damascius vividly presents the major philosophical figures of this period, such as Heraiscus, Asclepiades, Asclepiodoti (Senior and Junior), and Domninus. Most information is preserved about Asclepiodotus the Junior, who against the background of the general fascination of the Platonists with theurgy and other forms of philosophical religion, the practice of piety and, as a scientific component, theoretical mathematics, stands out for his penchant for empirical research, which could be applied to botany, biology, medicine, geology, for the study and development of technology, and even, if we believe Damascus' account that during his journey from Athens to Aphrodisias he "studied men", then psychology.

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PLATON’UN “DEVLET” VE “YASALAR” ESERLERİNDE HAKİKAT (ἈΛΉΘΕΙΑ) KAVRAMI VE BU KAVRAMIN EREK KÜLTÜRDEKİ YANSIMALARI

Author(s): Serhat Arslan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 23/2022

In this study we examined the concept of “truth (ἀλήθεια)” in “Republic”, which belongs to the mature period of Plato’s authorship and “Laws”, which belongs to his late period, and tried to clarify the philosopher’s understanding of “truth”. The concept of ἀλήθεια is one of the concepts that is examined and discussed through the whole history of philosophy and especially in the ancient philosophy. According to Plato, the main aim of human beings and gods is to search for the good, to find it and to live in accordance with it. The highest good is the truth and to achieve it one must walk through a hard and laboring way. In Plato’s philosophy ἀλήθεια that possess divine features, is one of the basic concepts of world of ideas and human beings can only comprehend totally what reflects the truth. While Plato construct the republic and the laws in a hypothetical fashion, he aims to justify his assumptions on the ground of truth, because if the main aim is to achieve the truth, he could not make an exception for “Republic” and “Laws”. Moreover, in this study we also tried to scrutinize some problems about the translation of the concept of ἀλήθεια like the loss of the original meaning in the source text.

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Catherine Wilson, Epicureanism at The Origins of modernity

Author(s): Mihail M. Ungheanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2013

The modern world is dominated by an atomistic, mechanistical and hedonistic understanding of society and man, which are expressed in doctrine of the inalienable rights of man, doctrine which is held to be the ultimate and universal and above all critic truth about humankind. But this is not the case. Though everyone knows about the human rights theory and dogma, the atomistic and hedonistic root are not acknowledged as such. Even this view about man and society has historically roots and it is important to see how this understanding and interpretation of the world have been born. The book I present shows how the modern understanding of the world has been born and shows that a materialistic-hedonistic and atomistic view build the very basis of modern society. It is important to see the sources of this change that formed the modern world, because so we can become aware why the modern policies and the modern and contemporary organization of the society and the stat is at it is.

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Dreptul natural clasic şi cel modern: de la virtute şi datorie la hedonism. Schiţare a problematicii drepturilor omului. Partea a II-a

Author(s): Mihail M. Ungheanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3/2010

One of the main characteristic of modernity is the substitution of the classical natural right with the modern natural right, as Leo Strauss puts it. The main differences of the way of thinking the natural law pertains to the way the human being and its relationships with the nature and fellow humans is conceived. The modern natural right denies that there is such a thing as a purpose of man or that nature has purposes and substitues rights for duties. It also bypasses the idea of virtue. Man has inallienable rights but no duties. The basis of such a right is hedonistic and tries to ground the existence of society and state in the will of the people and in an alleged social contract. The existence of society and state it is only a means to realize selfish and hedonistic ends, there being no hierarchy between the different desires or a qualitative difference between them as it was in the classical natural right.

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Attributive Features of the Reception of Chinese Philosophy in Modern Western Studies

Author(s): Nataliia Yarmolitska / Language(s): English Issue: 10/2022

The study of the peculiarities of Chinese philosophy by modern Western scholars is currently a very relevant topic. This is due to the increased interest in studying the peculiarities of culture and philosophy of different countries, finding similarities and differences that were inherent in a particular society. This article is devoted to a general overview of modern Western studies of the reception of Chinese philosophy. To this end, a historical and philosophical description and reconstruction of the main trends, features and directions of research conducted by modern Western scholars. On this basis, the key points of these studies were traced and it was found that the main focus was on studies in the field of comparative philosophy (Chinese and Western traditions); search for a logical justification for the possibility of applying philosophical systematicity; confirmation of the need to study Confucianism in general, the study of its modern national heritage; research on the topic of dialogue between Chinese and Western philosophy and attempts to answer the question of the importance of the reconstruction of Confucianism for the formation of modern scientific research. As a result, it was concluded that virtually every area of these studies requires constant development, a process of rethinking, making certain adjustments to the study of Chinese and Western traditions, as well as further study of these two opposing cultures.

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The Influence of the Concept of “Noble Savage” in Political Philosophy. Freedom and Social Organization from the Perspective of the Utopia of Primitive Society

Author(s): Ana-Daniela Farcas / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The perception of primitive society as a positive one, based on freedom, natural law and virtue, has been the subject of humanities since Antiquity. Although the myth of the “Noble Savage” crystallized only in the Age of Enlightenment, the same fundamental ideas continue to arouse interest in the field of ethics or political philosophy. This paper focuses on the writings of two prominent philosophers who lived and created in different periods of human development, but who saw the distant past of mankind in the light of idealism: Lucius Annaeus Seneca and Jean-Jacques Rousseau.

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Pogańscy bogowie nieświadomości. Przed-filozoficzna myśl grecka a koncepcja polimorficznego umysłu w psychologii głębi

Author(s): Michał Sawicki,Arian Kowalski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

This article investigates the gods and heroes of Greek myths by means of depth psychology’s notions of archetypes and collective unconscious. Its main goal is to take a closer look at the potential correlation between the external (in relation to the ego) figures of gods and goddesses as understood by the ancient Greeks (influencing them in a way similar to the Homeric heroes) and the internal manifestations of the collective unconscious, which may constitute – according to Jung – the essence of the ancient deities. The article also examines the influence (both positive and negative) of the “inner gods” on the individual way of thinking, feeling and acting. Lastly, the conclusion draws attention to the value of the irrational sphere – the source of the origin of the forgotten, polytheistic gods that inhabit the psyche of modern man.

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PROBLEM HUMANIZMA I MATERIJALISTIČKI KONCEPT EVROPSKE UNIJE

Author(s): Šejla Avdić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 9/2022

The paper aims to show the forgotten importance of humanistic foundations, which have been replaced by an expanded materialistic concept within social communities, for the survival of humanity. The materialistic concept is an important instance for the realization of a pleasant life, but its satisfaction, of man as a physical and spiritual unity, does not bear the mark of a truly fulfilled and quality life towards oneself and others. The European Union, with the goal of establishing peace in the world, which is unquestionably necessary, began its construction with materialistic elements that, due to the primary task, were supposed to build one thanks to humanistic foundations. The accelerated flow and expansion of social communities, and in this case, especially in the period of the 21st century through virtual reality, is persistently moving us away from the possibility of seeing what is at the base. Therefore, the healing of the social community, the European Union, should be born from a review of the elements and steps of its own construction.v

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Eros, Thanatos, Platon i rat

Author(s): Emanuele Severino / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1-2/2022

Platon u Politei (Republici, Državi) zbori o ratu kao »najvišem umijeću«, naime kao jednom od specifičnih načina rada koji su mogući unutar organizacije »podjele rada« od koje se sastoji super-umijeće polisa.

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Creştinismul şi filosofia păgână. Perspective istorice de patristică preniceeană

Author(s): Claudiu Pop / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2022

The relationship between Christian theology and ancient philosophy has frequently been investigated, yet remains one of the least understood problems of early Christian thought, partly due to the inadequacy of the terminology used by theologians and historians: a duality of ”theology” and ”philosophy” as two separate disciplines. This approach distorts the picture from the outset. I highlight Early Christianity’s dialogue with philosophy. Some early Christian thinkers are almost if not true philosophers and their intellectual contribution in this framework is essential. Yet the word 'dialogue' is somehow misleading since it is mostly Christian authors who use and respond to pagan thinkers. There is practically no evidence until much later that non-Christian philosophers accept the philosophical credentials of Christian thinkers in the way they accept the credentials of philosophers they disagree with.

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Онтология и эпистемология Ничто в философии Платона: истоки и природа платоновской апофатики

Author(s): Aleksey Bogomolov,Svetlov Roman,Dmitry Shmonin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2022

The dialogues "Parmenides" and "Sophist" are among the most important texts of Plato, where the themes of non-existence and apophaticism are considered. In the 20th century, they received interpretations radically different from the Neoplatonic one. They are now considered mainly as texts about the boundaries of language and knowledge, rather than about that ontological objectivity, which is quite openly declared in them. The authors of this article have tried to explore whether we can find additional arguments in favor of an «ontological» interpretation of Plato's apophaticism? To what extent is Plato's negative dialectic connected with Parmenides' poem «On Nature»? And wasn't Gorgias' Treatise on Non-Being one of the sources of reflection on the topic of negativity?

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Ciceronove reminiscencije o državi

Author(s): Zdravko Lučić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 6/2022

The paper starts with Cicero’s definition of state in De republica 1, 39 and how it structured the state and legal philosophy in the works of De republica, De legibus, De officiis. It is correlated with the Stoic definition of polis and Aristotle’s philosophic teachings. According to Cicero, Iurisconsensus et utilitatis communionis represents the essence of the rule of law. There is a distinction between formal legal justice and aequitas as a higher form of justice. Stoic divine cosmic law determines optimus status civitatis. The immanent characteristic of justice is iustitia. Cicero inextricably associated the internal size of the state with moral laws. Justice is sine qua non of every state.

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Yürümek Bir Devrimdir: Henry David Thoreau’nun Yürümeye Dair Felsefesi ile Heraklitos’un Ateşe Atfettikleri Bağlamında The Way Filmi

Author(s): Berceste Gülçin Özdemir / Language(s): Turkish Issue: Sp. Iss./2022

Walking is an act that has been attached importance by philosophers and thinkers for centuries. Walking is in close connection with nature, and it has revolutionary qualities with the possibilities it offers to human beings in their search for meaning. Based on this framework and questionings, the monologues of the main character (Tom) in the movie The Way (Emilio Estevez, 2019), his dialogues with other characters, his relationality with the concepts of walking and journey in the distance he established with life, are discussed with the dialectical method Socrates based his questionings on. In many of the works of Henry David Thoreau, the shocking importance of walking is presented to readers in different contexts for them to think about it again. This study, within the framework of the discourses that constitute Thoreau’s philosophy on walking, questions situations such as the close relationship of nature with human beings, the effort of humans to make sense of life while walking, and the facts related to these situations, together with the concept of journey. The importance attributed to the element of fire by Heraclitus, one of the natural philosophers, draws the framework of the study in the context of the immanence of human existence to nature under these questionings. With the questions it reveals and the ideas it discusses, the study allows other questions to be asked and provides the progress of the discussed ideas, and these ideas are presented with the answers that emerge. Thus, by accessing the existing questioning issues in the focus, the study provides an opportunity to reveal and discuss the issues in its focus. While applying this method, the study aims to return to the essence of speech, which constitutes the essence of the dialectical method, based on Socrates’ sentence “I know that I know nothing”, to reach this situation, and also to enable the development of questionings that emerge outside the study. Also, the questioning of Thoreau’s thoughts on walking and nature and Heraclitus’s thoughts on the element of fire with the dialectical method carries integrity and significance in itself

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Il ritorno ai principi educativi convalidati. Una lettura contemporanea di Socrate e Aristotele

Author(s): Martina Sanković Ivančić,Aleksandra Golubović / Language(s): Italian Issue: 3/2022

Sin dall’antichità la filosofia costituisce un ruolo fondamentale per il processo educativo: Socrate, Platone e Aristotele offrono particolari contributi in questo campo. L’educazione prevede l’apprendimento di valori e modelli di comportamento e nella società pluralista, in cui assistiamo all’incontro tra culture diverse, non è sempre semplice concordare sui concetti relativi all’etica e alla giustizia. Pertanto, risulta fondamentale ripristinare un dialogo capace di far ragionare anziché indottrinare, includere piuttosto che prevaricare, rispettare invece di omologare. Mediante il dialogo è possibile sottolineare l’importanza del perfezionamento interiore che si attua con i principi dello gnothi seauton e dell’epimeleia heautou, così come accadeva nell’antica Grecia. Gli educatori di quel tempo proponevano una formazione basata su tali insegnamenti, mirando a creare le prerogative per lo sviluppo di individui virtuosi e di una società stabile. Nel presente saggio si vuole illustrare l’efficacia dei detti principi, nonché spiegare che applicando il dialogo socratico nell’insegnamento e nella quotidianità è possibile far fronte ai problemi che nella contemporaneità insorgono nell’educazione dell’individuo e nell’instaurazione della società.

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Implicitness of Lógos and Explicitness of Logics in Ancient Philosophy

Author(s): Nijaz Ibrulj / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

We consider semantic and syntactic transformations of the concept of "the logical" in the ancient philosophy in the form of crypto-logos, para-logismos, dia-logos, and syl-logismos. We interpret Heraclitus' concept of Logos as a cryptologos through which intuitive insight (epístasthai gnóomen) reveals hidden or implicit harmony (harmoníe aphanés) in nature (phýsis) as a conceptual unity of ontic opposites (tà enantía). In Pramenides' paraconsistent concept of the identity of Being and thought, we point to para-logical hypotheses about the One that are carried out through antithetical deductions of thought and which maintain the dynamics of the ontic determinations of being (ón) in the statics of the conceptual determinations of Being (tò eînai). As the beginning of the explicative granulation of ''the logical'' we consider Plato's concept of the dialectical skill (dialektikè tékhne) of dividing concepts of genus into species and sub-species that logically represent ontic opposites in problem-formulated questions. Finally Aristotle's concept of lógos as a statement-making sentence / proposition (lógos apophantikós) made explicit the Being (tò eînai), or the Being as Being (tò ón hê ón), in semantic and syntactic figures and modes of syllogistic inferences in which ontological (eînai), ontic (ón), conceptual (logikôos) and linguistic (légomenon) correspondence is shown. We conclude that with these changes in the concept of lógos, the path has been taken from the hidden or implicit Truth of the phenomena of nature and the world (pân) to explicit truthfulness of propositions as the unhiddeness (alétheia) of Being trough the semantical and syntactical visibility of the logical structures of being, thought and language in scientific knowledge based on demonstration (apoódeiksis).

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Apie realybę ir įstatymą, arba ką veikė Platonas Sirakūzuose?

Author(s): Rita Šerpytytė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: Suppl./2022

The article critically reconsiders the attitude of Giorgio Agamben, which indicate the “unreality” of the action denoted by the term “realization” as opposite to reality. This question is primarily projected into Hegel’s philosophy, in which reality is not equated with actuality (Wirklichkeit) and realization with actualization. It is considered what could be the basis of such Agamben’s approach, which does not see the need to distinguish between reality (Realität) and actuality (Wirklichkeit). The reliance on Aristotle’s metaphysics, the division of dynamis and energeia is of crucial importance in Agamben’s philosophy. It is this point that allows Agamben to apply the term “reality” to only ontologically treated realtà and at the same time contrast it with the movement of an ontic nature – realization. When raising the question – what does it mean to realize laws? – the controversial relationship between the law and reality is considered.

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