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This article is dedicated to analyses of Bulgarian idioms stemming from semantic fields centred round "earth” and "desert” from the point of view of cultural linguistics. An attempt has been made to classify cultural markers which were found in our material published in the phraseological dictionaries.
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The research examines the model of the phonetic adaptation of Turkish loanwords in the Wallachian dialect of Bregovo (Vidin region). Here a comparative analysis is made about the acquirement of lexemes ending in -e in the Wallachian dialect of Bregovo, in the official Bulgarian language (BL) and in the official Romanian language (RL). It has been proved that in the Wallachian dialect of Bregovo and in the official Romanian language the model is identical – the final Turkish vowel “e” is replaced by “a”, following a soft consonant (in the Romanian language it is marked by the grapheme “ea”). The presence of this group of nouns in the Romanian language and in the Wallachian dialect of Bregovo is evidence of the existence of soft consonants in the two linguistic formations – official and dialect. At the same time, in the Wallachian dialect of Bregovo the model is productive for new words with a foreign origin that came through the Bulgarian language.
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Review of: Nina Čolović - Ivan Kosić, Album hrvatske ćirilice u Zbirci rukopisa i starih knjiga Nacionalne i sveučilišne knjižnice u Zagrebu, Zagreb: Nacionalna i sveučilišna knjižnica, 2015, 396 str.
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V makedonské slavistické vědě se bohužel stále šíří několik mýtů, mezi nimi mýtus o první univerzitě v Evropě, kterou založil Kliment Ochridski, a o tom, že počátky pražské (československé) makedonistiky jsou spjaty s Antonínem Frintou (14. 6. 1884–21. 11. 1975). Přirozeně že jako mýty jsou buď nepravdivé, nebo vyjadřují pouze částečnou pravdu. Mýtus o první univerzitě na Balkáně a v Evropě tu nebudu rozebírat, protože pojednávám o tom jinde. Pouze pro klid duše podotýkám, že šiřitelé tohoto mýtu vůbec neberou v úvahu, že soluňští bratři Konstantin a Metoděj studovali na magnaurské vysoké škole v Konstantinopoli. A pokud jde o prof. Antonína Frintu, nebyl první, kdo se zajímal o makedonský jazyk. Jeho přenášky o spisovné makedonštině, o nichž se ještě podrobněji zmíním, byly završením etapy zesíleného zájmu o vše, co bylo spjato s Makedonií a zároveň začátkem nové etapy odlišného pohledu na makedonskou problematiku.
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Na začátku považuji za nezbytné připomenout několik důležitých fakt. Podle našich i cizích encyklopedických a jiných příruček žilo ve 20. století v Řecku 95 % Řeků, zbytek tvoří občané makedonské, turecké, albánské, židovské, romské nebo jiné národnosti. Nedlouho po skončení 2. světové války v Evropě v květnu 1945 došlo na jihu Balkánského poloostrova k prvnímu ozbrojenému konfliktu. Levicové a demokraticky orientované síly v Řecku, které sehrály rozhodující úlohu v antifašistickém a národně osvobozeneckém boji, byly pronásledovány členy četných profašisticky, monarchisticky a pravicově orientovaných skupin a spolků. I přes nepříznivou vnitřní a zahraničně politickou situaci se proto na podzim roku 1946 začaly formovat první partyzánské jednotky. Jejich zástupci podepsali dohodu s Národně osvobozeneckou frontou (NOF), jež sdružovala Makedonce z Egejské Makedonie. Řekové i Makedonci však byli zřejmě nedostatečně informováni nebo vůbec nevěděli o jednání W. Churchilla a J. V. Stalina v říjnu 1944 o rozdělení zájmových sfér na Balkáně.
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MIXER, Haris Imamović: Vikipedija srpske književnosti; antiCEMENT, Goran Cvetković: Naličje samostalnosti; ARMATURA, Milivoj Bešlin, Srđan Milošević, Olivera Milosavljević: Istorija i politika istorije: Naučno znanje vs. upotreba prošlosti; VREME SMRTI I RAZONODE, Haris Imamović: Mešanci, Predrag Lucić: Voleo me jedan vladika; BLOK BR. V, Wostok: Mita Kombajn
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MIXER, Milica Jovanović: Moj obračun s njima; CEMENT, Saša Ćirić: Iz poznatog u očekivano; ŠTRAFTA, Dušan Pržulj: O Boemskom sindikatu; VREME SMRTI I RAZONODE, Predrag Lucić: Izljubljeni u prevodu, Nika Dušanov: Veliko nasukavanje u Srpskoj akademiji jauka i gumenosti; BULEVAR ZVEZDA, ŠOTRA, Zdravko; BLOK BR. V, Lazar Bodroža: Avanture zeca Milorada (2)
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The paper summarizes the linguistic and language publications that concern South Slavic languages and were published in the 2000–2019 period at the Masaryk University in Brno, Czechia. We pay attention to four types of publications: 1. multidisciplinary proceedings and handbooks with a linguistic component, 2. linguistic proceedings and collective monographs, 3. linguistically oriented monographs and study guides, 4. dictionaries. In this way, we have recorded a total of 41 publications.
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Using a huge corpus, the paper analyzes the possibility or impossibility of adjectives derived from verbs being graded, that is, expressed in the form of a comparative. Taking the Serbian and German linguistic systems into account, the author searches for an answer to the question whether such adjectives in each of these systems belong to the class of relative or absolute adjectives respectively and, if the former is the case, tries to establish the rule defining it. Within the studied subclass of adjectives there are four semantic patterns common for both languages, which, taking the verb as a base on which suffixes are added, form four derivative patterns. In both languages, derivative morphemes in the function of syntactic transposition marking this kind of adjective are determined for each language, with simultaneous determination of correspondents, which do not necessarily belong to the same morphological type.
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The text discusses the various conditions that determined the social and political status of the Bosnian language in general, focusing on the circumstances that characterized the ways of returning this language to the public discourse not only in Bosnia and Herzegovina, but also in those states and societies in which Bosnian language has acquired the status of an official language, ie was given the opportunity to be studied as one of the minority language that are being used in the field of education, public communication as well as in the domain of private use in the countries of Southeast Europe. The paper also deals with the basic historiographic, demographic, legislative and constitutional solutions related to the official use of the Bosnian language, and discusses the issues of scientific study of this language in the South Slavic social context.
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Etymological notes on Bulgarian poròj “torrent” and Romanian pârấu “brook” In the following brief analysis, we consider the loan relationships of the Bulgarian word poròj meaning “torrent” and the Romanian pârấu “brook”, with regard to the source of these words – the Albanian word përroi (përrua) “torrent”.We describe how the Albanian etymon has been analysed so far. It is shown, how the Bulgarian word has been integrated into Bulgarian and at the same time, it becomes clear, how substratum words can be adapted by means of standard word formation. In this way the Bulgarian word poròj looks like a word formed with Slavic word-formation elements and consequently, at first glance, almost certainly like a word with a Slavic etymology. Furthermore, we consider possible links with words in neighbouring languages, e.g., Italian dialects, German dialects, and beyond the Indo-European languages.
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The paper discusses the idea of using parallel corpora for the extraction of terminological units used to identify semantic frames of aviation, as the first step in developing a method for determining specialized semantic frames. The process of compiling the parallel corpus of texts taken from the Eur-Lex database using Sketch Engine tools is described first. The methodology of extracting term candidates and their manual verification is then presented, as well as the process of extracting and verifying relevant verbs. The results of term verification are discussed, with the focus on the role of verbs and verbal collocations in identifying relevant semantic frames and frame elements.
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The paper is about the semantic properties of the verbs of motion and their suitability for semantic transpositions in the target domain of the prepositional accusative and instrumental constructions. The verbs of motion prototypically indicate spatial relations and they are very suitable for direct metaphorical transpositions from the spatial domain into the final conceptual domain. The final domain is expressed in the following structural models with the verbs of motion: u + accusative, na + accusative, po + accusative, pred + accusative, za + accusative, s(a) + instrumental, za + instrumental. The metaphorical transpositions in these constructions are conditioned by a core meaning of accusative or instrumental, semantic properties of prepositions and by the meaning of the verbs of motions. These verbs denote physical movement of the elements in the space and dynamism is their crucial conceptual-semantic component. The core case meanings greatly contribute to the complete actualization of the final domain. In this case it is the accusative concept of a goal and the instrumental concept of parallelism. The semantic properties of prepositions specify the case meanings and in the verbal constructions in accordance with its semantic profile they indicate the final meaning (or intention). The movement process is defocused and the activity or object as a metonym for a certain action is profiled.
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Within a multidisciplinary anthropological study on the population structure of Middle Dalmatian islands, the extent of linguistic microdifferentiation has been analyzed in 45 villages ofthis region. Through the analysis of basic vocabulary the differences and/or similarities between the settlements are determined at the level of contemporary Croatian dialects, subdialects and local speeches. The estimated linguistic distances are discussed in view of known population migration throughout history.
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This paper focuses on the definition and the grammatical, semantic and pragmatic properties of verbs of happening, i. e. Geschehensverben (verbs that express events caused by forces of nature and those that are not conditioned by will even when they refer to people), especially in relation to the dynamic and stative verbs. Examples include kišiti (“to rain”), grmjeti (“to thunder”), mračiti se (“to darken, to grow dark”), klasati (of grain:“to form ears”), mirisati (“to smell”), venuti (“to wither”), boljeti (“to hurt”). This analysis focuses on their relation to the categories of person (mostly used in impersonal constructions), aspect (predominantly used in imperfective form), tense, mood (e.g. they never appear in the imperative mood), and number. Special attention is paid to the functions of these verbs in simple sentences, primarily to the fact that these verbs tend to appear in subjectless sentences.
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Unlike the grammars of many other languages (e.g. English and German) where nonfinite clauses are an unequivocal and well-established fact of grammar, not a single reference grammar of Croatian, or of any other Shtokavian standard for that matter, treats infinitival complements as independent clauses. They are always treated as predicate complements on the assumption that nonfinite forms alone cannot build predicates, and by extension sentences either. Using the methodology of cognitive grammar (Langacker 1987, 1991, 2008, Taylor 2002, Belaj and Tanacković Faletar 2014, 2017) in this study we deliver arguments from the syntactic (subject and object control) and semantic court (opposition between type / grounded instance; summary / sequential scanning, effective /epistemic level of grounding), to support the claim that the infinitive, as one of nonfinite forms, may be regarded as an independent clause, depending on the meaning of the verb it complements. We will establish a predicate continuum, i.e. a predicate hierarchy, which runs on one end from predicates which include in their structure a synsemantic verb (modal and phasal), all through those built around autosemantic verbs, on the other end of the hierarchy. Being that with predicates featuring synsemantic verbs and the infinitive we cannot claim the existence of two separates events, we shall interpret such infinitives as predicate complements. On the other hand, in constructions with autosemantic verbs, the infinitive will be treated as a separate clause. This is mainly the case with some relational complements and purpose clauses (e.g. Čuli smo ih da / kako pjevaju / Čuli smo ih pjevati (We heard them lit. that / how (they) sing / We heard them (to) sing); Obećao sam mu da ću doći na proslavu / Obećao sam mu doći na proslavu (I promised him that I would come to the party / I promised him lit. to come to the party); Svratili smo da vas pozdravimo / Svratili smo vas pozdraviti (We stopped by lit. that we say hi to you / We stopped by to say hi to you)), where the distinctions between finite and nonfinite clauses will be discussed in terms of the mentioned semantic oppositions.
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The aim of this paper is to account for the distribution of PRO (unexpressed subject of infinitival structures) in Serbian infinitival structures, namely infinitives and subjunctive-like da-complements, within the framework of generative grammar. Landau’s (1999) and (2004) proposals are adopted. Obligatory Control is an instance of the operation Agree of Chomsky (1998). Derivation proceeds via phases. Agree involves feature matching, checking and deletion through the interaction of Tense and Agreement features specified on the local environment, namely I and C, of the embedded subject by selection. Selection is local, mediated by C. Two types of infi nitives and subjunctives are observed in Serbian: untensed and tensed.
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The paper focuses on the lexical composition of Isakovic's drama Hasanaginica (1982) with regard to extraction procedures and the interpretation of vocabulary in his Dictionary of Characteristic Lexicon in Bosnian (1991). The aim is to determine the relation between the words in the drama Hasanaginica and the lexemes included in the Dictionary - with the starting assumption that there is a certain coincidence in their choice, form and meaning, without losing sight that they are two completely different types of texts, verse and genre. two styles - literary (drama, tragedy) and applied scientific (vocabulary, monolingual), which entails a number of important, contradictory differences in terms of vocabulary and its functioning in the text, though both language and drama are 'meta-languages' '(cf. Peti, 1995: 103), one in preasentia (drama), the other in absentia (dictionary). The analysis therefore assumes that drama and vocabulary consist of different components structurally (in terms of place in the text), formal (in terms of writing), functional (in terms of roles in the 'second-level model system' and in the lexicographic work) and lingual (in terms of values and effects). To the best of my knowledge, there has been no scientific interest or research on this topic so far. In the paper, I have focused only on certain words from the drama through which I can trace and ultimately identify the essential contours of the relationship between drama and the Dictionary from the aspect selected in this paper.
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This paper deals with issues related to the qualitative of comparative nature, its status in the grammar of Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian, similarities and differences among them in terms of the grammatical determination of case and prepositional-case expressions of comparative-qualitative meaning. It describes semantic and oblique types of comparative qualitative and provides arguments against the classification of such linguistic units in the case and prepositional-case expressions of comparative meaning. The relationship between the case and prepositional-case expressions of the gradual-comparative meaning and to them similar case forms is compared. In this way, their semantics and inclusion in the concept of quality is established. Competitiveness with other language units is studied and terminological solutions are offered that lead to establishing differences between the case and prepositional-case expressions of comparative, comparative-qualitative and qualitative meaning. It is concluded that the case and prepositional-case expressions of the gradual-qualitative meaning occupy a special place in the system of the cases of qualitative meaning, and that such meaning should be emphasized in new grammars of Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian.
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