Словник Исторической Палеи по списку Синодального Собрания № 591 второй половины ХV века – глоттометрическая характеристика

Author(s): Tatyana Ilieva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2015

The present study is an attempt to apply statistical methods in investigating the vocabulary of Old Bulgarian on the basis of lexical material from the Historical Palaea. Tables and charts are used to present a glotometric characterization of the lexical material under study. A comparison is made with data from other Old Bulgarian written monuments that have already been the object of similar studies.

CLITIC DOUBLING OF PERSONAL PRONOUNS WITH THE USE OF PREPOSITIONS IN THE DIALECTS OF THE PRIZREN-TIMOK AREA

Author(s): Tatjana G. Trajković / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

An overview of the clitic doubling of personal pronouns with the use of prepositions in the speeches of the Prizren-Timok area, as well as the area covered by its use is given in this paper. So far, special attention has not been given to this occurrence in the literature and it has not been registered in certain dialects of the Prizren-Timok area. Firstly, a brief overview of the phenomenon of object reduplication is presented and, then, attention is given to pronominal reduplication. Through the analysis of the monographs on the topic of the dialects of the Prizren-Timok area and the most recent research on the Preševo dialect, the conclusion that the clitic doubling of personal pronouns is done with the use of prepositions, which is primarily connected to the dialects which have a more pronounced analytism, was arrived at.

Лучия Антонова-Василева, Георги Митринов. Речник на българските говори в Южните Родопи, Драмско и Сярско

Author(s): Mariana Vitanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 23/2011

Hipokoristici od ličnih muslimanskih imena u Podgorici

Author(s): Alija Nametak / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 50/2011

Podgorički muslimani prave hipokoristike od ličnih imena drukčije od muslimana Hrvata i Srba u našoj državi. Dok npr. u Bosni muslimansko ime Mehmed u hip. obliku glasi Meho, Hasan – Haso, Husein – Huso, Jusuf – Juso (u Bos. Krajini: Hase ili Huse, u Gacku Jusuf – Juka, Tahir –Tale ili Tajko) skraćujući ime na kraju i dajući mu obični hip. završetak kao i katolici i pravoslavni (od Ivan Ivo, od Jovan Jovo, od Matija Mate, od Juraj Jure), dotle Podgoričani kod svojih hip. oblika ličnih imena odbacuju najčešće prvi slog, a završeci imena su im jednaki onima Bošnjaka. To vrijedi uglavnom za ona muslimanska imena, porijeklom arapska (ili, kako bi u Podgorici rekli, arapačka), koja su se samo u starija vremena nadijevala, dok se od novijih vremena, koja su došla s nizamom (turskom redovnom vojskom) u polovini prošlog vijeka, prave hip. Oblici kao i kod ostalih imena bilo muslimanskih bilo kršćanskih.

Bilješke uz Deklaraciju o zajedničkom jeziku

Author(s): Nikola Petković / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 01+04/2017

Na pitanje: jesam li, kao korisnik jezikâ i njihov su–kreator (ostvarujući se uglavnom u mediju književnosti, znanosti o književnosti i književne kritike) ili nisam pozvan javno se o jeziku očitovati, kreirati jezičnu politiku, re–kreirati i korigirati jezik(e), imenovati ih i teritorijalno distribuirati, i, na kraju krajeva, osobnim sudjelovanjem u bilo kakvoj inicijativi koja se tiče jezika, odgovorno i kompetentno kao osoba struke1, bezrezervno podržavati inicijative o jeziku, manifeste, pamflete i deklaracije..., moj je odgovor negativan!

KVANTIFIKACIJA IMENICA PLURALIA TANTUM

Author(s): Aleksandar D. Stefanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2014

This paper addresses the different possibilities for numerical quantification of pluralia tantum nouns in Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin, and Serbian. The author provides an historical and dialectological overview, without which the state of the current written and oral languages cannot be judged. He also pays particular attention to the views in language manuals concerning this issue. One of the conclusions of the paper is that these views do not correspond to usage in modern language(s). As a result, both learners and native speakers are left in total ignorance of the facts on many points, and numerous questions remain unanswered. In this paper, the author attempts to gather the data that will allow for both easier identification and grammatical and semantic characterization of the aforementioned quantification. This involves, inter alia, putting forward a contrastive and discursive approach, as well as establishing the registers of language in which this quantification may appear.

UPOTREBA VOKATIVA U REČENIČNOJ STRUKTURI

Author(s): Halid Bulić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2014

It is widely accepted in grammatical literature that the vocative case cannot fill any position in the sentence structure and that it is only used for addressing others. However, there are some examples in which the vocative form could be considered part of a sentence structure. This paper presents and analyses such instances in the use of the vocative form. Examples in which the vocative case is used as a subject or a predicative in oral poetry have already been registered. This paper also provides similar examples from written literature, with comments and explanations regarding assertions that the vocative can function as the “subject of the second person” and also relating to the status of the vocative case in direct speech constructions. The most interesting constructions are those with verbs zvati, vikati and obraćati se, in which the vocative can be exchanged with the nominative or the instrumental case, so it is possible to state that conditionally, the vocative can be a verb complement. In such constructions, the vocative form in the surface structure is the rest of the deep structure construction, which has the vocative as a dependent and some other substantive as the head. That head is omitted in the surface structure.

MOGUĆI OKVIR ZA OPIS EPISTEMIČKOMODALNIH ISKAZA U BOSANSKOME JEZIKU

Author(s): Ismail Palić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2014

In this paper I tried to offer an appropriate framework for the description of utterances with epistemic modality in the Bosnian language (but also applicable to other languages). Epistemic modality is here defied in the sense which has been proposed by many authors (including Palmer 2001), i.e. as expressing knowledge (judgment, opinion, belief) of the speaker about the factual status of the proposition (assertion). In my opinion, the next five criteria have to be taken into account when describing epistemic modality in any language, including Bosnian: (1) is the proposition true or false, (2) if it is true, to what degree does the speaker believe it to be true, (3) what is the relation between the factual status of the proposition (i.e. being true or not true) and the speaker’s previous knowledge, (4) is the source of the speaker's judgment this own knowledge and experience, (5) is the source of the speaker's judgment outside of his knowledge and experience. Epistemic modality is one of the grammatical subcategories. It implies special formal means as its signals. These means have the function of outside (extrinsic) modifiers of propositions, and in this paper they are called ‘operators of epistemic modality’. Combining the criteria which include, firstly, the suggested five parameters for description, and, secondly, the existence of epistemic operators (i.e. the formal expressions), I propose the term 'epistemic mood', which is used here to refer to different kinds of opinions, beliefs or convictions which the speaker explicitly states about the factual status of the proposition using epistemic modality operators. Following this method, I have established at least ten epistemic moods in Bosnian: (1) the mood of unexpressed opinion (declarative), (2) the mood of question (interrogative), (3) the mood of conclusion (deductive), (4) the mood of assumption (assumptive), (5) the mood of speculation (speculative), (6) the mood of doubt (doubtative), (7) the mood of fulfilled expectation (expective), (8) the mood of non-fulfilled expectation (non-expective), (9) the mood of the own assertion (assertive) (10) the mood of somebody else's assertion (quotative).

NOVI POJMOVNIK LINGVISTIKE GOVORA

Author(s): Mirjana Popović / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 1/2014

Linguistic science of today focuses once again on the linguistic potential of words and the spirituality of language. In this way, it redefines the subject of general linguistics and its terminology, and constructs a new glossary for the linguistics of speech. The nature of these changes is closely related to the development of research areas covered by semantics, pragmatics, socialpsychology and cognitive sciences. Contemporary linguistic research tends to focus on context typology and communication, by applying contextual methods in integral language descriptions. Different language usages have placed the linguistics of speech in the context of new rhetoric and stylistics, due to the importance attributed to sociological and psychological approaches to the speech phenomenon. The degree to which linguistics departs from its initial definitions depends on communication, strategies, and planning within particular scientific disciplines. For this reason, it can be stated that a new glossary for the linguistics of speech is in itself euphemistic, and as such requires a precise and systematic approach regarding the level of discourse to which it belongs, as a concrete form of linguistic activity. Speaking competence approximately corresponds to the relatively recent term of “communicative competence,” requiring an integral knowledge of the code of the language, the environment and the ability to speak. There is no doubt that the linguistic context has been theoretically broadened in relation to traditional approaches to speech, although its terms are still distributed in systemic relations of all the levels on which they function. As far as innovative and new terms of the linguistics of speech are concerned, it is more necessary than ever to emphasize the fields of their use and their communicative aims, since several sciences, each from its own aspect, are currently contributing to the analytical research of speech.

PUERITIVI U BOSANSKOME JEZIKU

Author(s): Elma Durmišević / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2014

This paper observes the formation of pueritiv forms and their usability (semantic, semiotic and pragmatic) for children and adults. It is precisely through the language and speech of ”adults” that secondary pueritiv forms are created, which deserve to be analyzed at all linguistic levels. At this point, we place special emphasis on the individual formation and metaphorization of secondary pueritiv forms. Through our analysis of a child’s speech through the phonetic, phonological, morphological and syntactic levels, we were able to detect in ”our boy” deviations from the models of child speech-adoption theory. In most cases, pueritiv forms in language are used to evoke positive emotions, and to contribute to the emotional bonding between child and adult through the use of diminutives and hypocoristics. They also have the function of communicational adjustment within different groups: children and children; children and adults; and adults and adults (secondary pueritiv forms), indifferent socio-cultural situations. This analysis also explores if and to what extent pueritiv forms exist in Bosnian language dictionaries, and what their normative status is. We conclude that pueritiv forms will certainly find a place in dictionaries of jargon and, later, in standard language dictionaries.

EUFEMIZAM U SLUŽBI OBJEKTIVNOSTI : STRATEGIJE VREDNOVANJA U RECENZIJAMA ZNANSTVENIH TEKSTOVA

Author(s): Nikolina Palašić,Nada Ivanetić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2014

Review, as a subtype of secondary texts (“texts about texts”), is – according to many classifications of text types – considered to be scientific in nature, which necessarily implies objectivity of expression. But that objectivity can be easily jeopardized by merely looking at differences between the various definitions of review, which can be found among different authors. This distinction is based largely on the particular dimension of this type of text that the author wishes to place in the foreground. Although there are authors who include review among informational texts (e.g. Brinker 2010: 91), a large number of them emphasize another dimension: the persuasive-appellative one(Luger 1995, Mecklenburg 1977). Despite striving for objectivity alongside the primary function of informing, one can – more or less obviously – observe some other relationships within reviews, such as those of the author toward the primary text, the author toward the recipient, and the author toward the author of the primary text. In addition, when writing the review, the author directly presents himself through his own scientific achievements and interests. Taking all these aspects into consideration, a logical question is imposed on us: how much room for manipulation is opened by this kind of text in which the author has a free hand in highlighting certain aspects – and consequently neglecting or even disguising others – of the text he is reviewing? In this work – based on the analysis of selected examples of reviews of Croatian scientific articles in the field of linguistics – we have shown how evaluation strategies are applied, whereby we are especially interested in negative evaluations and the way they are communicated through the use of euphemistic forms.

Снова о терминологии и еще кое о чем

(По поводу статей Л. П. Жуковской и В. М. Живова)

Author(s): Dora Ivanova-Mircheva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/1987

KOLOKACIJSKA KOMPETENCIJA U HRVATSKOM KAO INOM JEZIKU

Author(s): Antonia Ordulj / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2017

The development of collocational competence as a component of lexical competence with non-native speakers is one of the most fundamental, but also most challenging aims of second language acquisition, since collocations contribute to more natural communication in L2 (Borić, 2004). The development of collocational competence in Croatian as a Second Language (CSL) is an uninvestigated area (Burić i Lasić, 2012; Petrović, 2007) and so far the most detailed description of noun collocations in Croatian as first language was given by Blagus Bartolec (2014). The main goal of this research was to examine the receptive and productive knowledge of noun collocations regarding their frequency, collocational strength, and considering the CSL proficiency level. The research deals only with basic collocations having nouns as bases and adjectives as their collocators. The sample comprised of 70 students of Language exercises in Croatian as L2 at intermediate level (B1-B2). Before creating the research instruments (blank-filling tests), it was necessary to examine the associative strength of collocational elements by native speakers of Croatian. The analysis of the productive level tasks shows that subjects of lower CSL proficiency have very poor collocational competence, while subjects of higher CSL proficiency show an equal knowledge of noun collocations in the nominative case and in oblique cases.

Srpsko-mađarski dvojezični stručni rečnici

Razvoj i perspektive

Author(s): Aleksander Urkom / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2018

Serbian–Hungarian lexicography has been developing from the late 19th century. The scope of its activities includes over one hundred dictionaries, among which professional ones are especially interesting. Their number is smaller because general dictionaries take over their task to register the professional vocabulary. In this paper, the author presents the most important Serbian–Hungarian and Hungarian–Serbian professional dictionaries, their concept, and the prospects of drawing up new technical dictionaries.

Ранний славяноболгарский вклад в венгерский язык

Author(s): András Zoltán / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2018

The Slavic substratum of the Hungarian language was not uniform in a dialectical sense. Among the late Slavic dialects of the 9th century, in addition to the so-called Pannonian Slavic, also a dialect of Bulgarian character was represented not only in the southeastern peripheral areas, as it had previously been suspected, but also in some central parts of the present- day Hungarian language area. In this paper, the author provides language material for the localization of these former dialects.

Апликација Јатолог

Author(s): Aleksandra R. Savić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 17/2018

Report on: Jatolog application project – University of Banja Luka (Faculty of Philology and Faculty of Electrical Engineering), the Society of Proofreaders of the Republic of Srpska and Lanaco Company.

ANALIZA PREDGOVORA U HRVATSKIM DOPREPORODNIM GRAMATIKAMA

Author(s): Vesna Grahovac-Pražić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 20/2018

The endeavour of this paper is to describe and show the content and function of the preface text in Croatian printed pre-standard grammars from the 17th century until the first half of the 19th century, actually until the appearance of the Croatian revivalists. Stratification of the content of the preface as an interesting and significant functional text is being questioned. It refers to fourteen printed grammars. The starting point is a premise that the preface exists as a communication category in the author-text-reader triangle. The preface is observed in the context of the history of the Croatian language, in the context of the dominant grammar text and with regard to the author. Thus the preface is simultaneously discovered as the story about the author, the period, the society and the grammar. Aside from the preface, the appearance of dedication is also observed.

Ковиље, кобиле, Арханђео Михаило и Свети Никола

Author(s): Aleksandar Loma / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 31/2019

Kovilj, the name of a village and of a neighbouring monastery in southernBačka apparently derives, in its present form, from the Common Slavic phytonym*kovyl‑ designating the Europaean feather grass (Stipa pennata), but the historicalevidence in Hungarian, Turkish and Serbian sources points clearly to a derivationfrom the zoonym *kobyla, Serbian kobila, ‘mare’. Curiously enough, in the regionof Stari Vlah (western Serbia), another monastery called Kovilje is situated atthe foothills of a mountain named Kobilje. An additional parallelism betweentwo monasteries consists in both of them being dedicated to the same saint,Archangel Michael, whose name, in the archaic phonetic shape *Mьkovilъ, alsomight be eponymous of Kovilj(e). Additionally it is suggested that the dedicationof a younger church in Kovilje to Saint Nicholas possibly reflects the minglingtogether of the two hagionyms, that took place in Slavic mouth at an early date(OSerb., Russ. Mikula ʻNicholasʼ, etc.).

Deklaracija o nazivu i položaju hrvatskoga jezika i Deset teza o hrvatskom jeziku D. Brozovića

Author(s): Šimun Musa / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 21/2019

Declaration on the name and status of the Croatian Language from 1967 was the initiator of direct opposition to Novi Sad Agreement which was lead deliberately, with political and strategic measure, but at the same time decisively. Regardless of condemnations, punishments, prohibitions and prosecutions of the main initiators and other active participants – organizers and sympathizers, institutions, signatories and writers of the Declaration – and repressively imposed silence about that noble act, the patriotism feeling has been growing constantly and proportionally. Responsibility of the entire Croatian national creature for protection of the Croatian language has also been increased with the intention to improve both its constitutional-legal status and real position in the society because the language is the center of its identity, stronghold of personal and common rights and guarantee of civility, independence and freedom.Besides the Declaration as the turning point on the way of the Croatian language there are also Ten theses on the Croatian standard language in which Brozovic argumentatively and convincingly explains his disagreement with Novi Sad Agreement emphasizing independence and vitality of the Croatian language that has been developed for centuries “in its own way” and “in the accordance to language practice and consistent Croatian tradition”.

Govor Vele Učke unutar čakavskoga ekavskoga dijalekta

Author(s): Silvana Vranić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2019

In der Arbeit werden die Sprachmerkmale der Redeweise in Vela Učka analysiert anhand dessen diese einem hierarchisch höheren System zugeordnet werden kann. Der Standort dieses dialektologischen Punktes – nordwestlich und südwestlich vom Boljun-Typ des mittleren-istrianischen Unterdialekt des čakavisch-ekavischen Dialekts (südwestlichen und istro-rumänischen Redeweisen des Vlasko-Typs) sowie südöstlich und östlich von den Redeweisen des Unterdialekts des ekavischen Dialekts umkreist – hat sich auf die sprachliche Merkmale dieser Redeweise ausgeprägt. Anhand von zwei Feldstudien im Abstand von 20 Jahren wurde bestätigt das die Redeweise von Vela Učka, obwohl diese aufgrund ihrer territorialen Zugehörigkeit dem nord-istrianischen Dialekt zuzuordnen wäre, in Wahrheit eine Randart des Boljun-Typs des mittleren-istrianischen Unterdialekts ist.