A SHORT HISTORY OF POLISH-UKRAINIAN TERMINOGRAPHY

Author(s): Marek Wojciech Lukasik / Language(s): English / Issue: 16/2016

Specialised dictionaries fulfil a plethora of linguistic and cognitive functions in specialised communication. In particular, such reference works help introduce, harmonise and standardise national terminologies, thus playing an indispensable role in disseminating high quality specialised knowledge. An even more important role may be attributed to bilingual and multilingual specialised dictionaries, whose primary goal is to facilitate the flow of scientific and technical information at an international level. This function has come to the fore in today’s multinational and interconnected professional world. In light of the developing and ever stronger cooperation between Poland and Ukraine, an attempt is being made to evaluate bilingual and multilingual terminographic works containing Polish and Ukrainian which have been published in Poland to date. The aim is to assess the positive developments and to identify the gaps in Polish-Ukrainian terminography. It is hoped that the findings presented in this paper will be applied by terminographers in order to compile terminological dictionaries of higher quality, which satisfy the needs of specific users and follow terminographic principles.

Alice u Ukrajini ili o ukrajinskim prijevodima djela Lewisa Carrolla

Author(s): Liudmyla Vasylyeva / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 02/2015

The aims of this paper are to introduce existing Ukrainian translations of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland and their respective translators; to discuss some reasons for recent retranslations of Lewis Carroll’s works; and to show some aspects of translators’ work which are characteristic of translations into Ukrainian and which primarily serve as a means of transferring the equivalent of the creative attributes of Lewis Carroll’s text for Ukrainian readers. The book is gaining in popularity in Ukraine and has been published four times in the last 10 to 15 years. Although it may be said that recent retranslations of Alice in Wonderland show the translators’ response to the demands from the publishers, these retranslations also expand the communication chain of literary reception which continues to cross linguistic boundaries, bringing new readers to the circle of Carroll’s admirers and opening up to them the boundless meaningful perspective of the Alice story. Preserving general equivalence to the original, each translator has tried to make use of the creative arsenal of language resources that exist in the Ukrainian language, bearing in mind – much like Lewis Carroll himself – different groups of readers.

Bilingualism in Ukraine: Value or Challenge?

Author(s): István Csernicskó ,Réka Máté / Language(s): English / Issue: 10/2017

Several analyses have summarized the linguistic situation of Ukraine, highlighting various aspects of the problematic issues of Ukraine’s language policy. The fundamental problems of the linguistic situation in Ukraine are the lack of consensus regarding the issue of what role the Ukrainian language has in constructing the new post-Soviet identity and in nation building, what status the Russian language should be given in Ukraine. According to the data from the 2001 census, 80% of the adult population of Ukraine speak (at least) one other language fluently in addition to their mother tongue. In the country it is clear that the reality in most of Ukraine is of bilingualism. Almost everyone in Ukraine is bilingual; to varying degrees, a fundamental characteristic of the language situation in Ukraine is bilingualism of society. In spite of this, due to negative historical experiences, bilingualism is stigmatized in Ukraine, and that makes codification of bilingualism impossible on the state level. The paper shows the attitude of the political elite that took power after the overthrow of President Viktor Yanukovych towards the issue of bilingualism. We present how the linguists and representatives of the intellectuals comment on the bilingualism in Ukraine. The primordial, national romantic view that makes the Ukrainian language and the (free and independent) Ukrainian nation the same nowadays strongly dominates in Ukraine.

Body Idioms in Russian and Serbian Languages

Author(s): Mata TARAN ANDREICI / Language(s): English / Issue: 15/2016

The purpose of the current paper is to display a comparative analysis of the body idioms belonging to two related languages, Russian and Serbian that metaphorically designate human physical and psychical features. A part of the Russian and Serbian idioms contain in their structure a word related to body that function as a symbol. The research of the phraseological material has revealed that phrasemes that have as a head-word a word related to body is one of the most numerous type of phraseological units in both the two Slavic languages.

Borrowings in Ukrainian: Etymological, Semantic, and Orthographic Issues

Author(s): Maksym O. Vakulenko / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2015

In the article, the borrowings in Ukrainian as a linguistic and terminological problem are studied on the basis of etymological, comparative, morphosemantic, and acoustic phonetic analysis. It is shown that one of the most prevalent modifications that foreign words undergo in Ukrainian is a shift of values that can lead sometimes to the breach of motivation ties with the etymon meaning, and to irregularities or distortions of lexical semantic relations and to unwanted connotations. Therefore, normalization of foreign words usage is extremely important. In addition, excess of foreign words in Ukrainian – as in many European languages – often causes orthoepic and orthographic difficulties in their mastering. It is expedient therefore to intensify use of native units, minimizing the number of unnecessary borrowings. Relevant spelling propositions are formulated, including the use of the Ukrainian “ă” and “č” and expediency of some simplifications in the loanwords.

Demonstrative or article? The case of ten in Polish

Author(s): Artur Bartnik / Language(s): English / Issue: 11/2015

The paper discusses the syntactic status of the Polish demonstrative pronoun ten ‘this’ in the light of grammaticalization theory. The discussion begins with establishing formal (morphosyntactic) as well as semantic criteria for discriminating between articles and demonstratives. Then it reviews arguments for the demonstrative status of ten put forward in the literature. The paper ends with providing evidence for the definite article status of ten. Although the primary function of ten is still that of a demonstrative pronoun, it reveals some traces of categorial change on the grammaticalization cline in spoken Polish.

Der Instrumental des Ortes und der Zeit in den slavischen Sprachen. Kasusmarkierung und präpositionale Kodierung lokaler und temporaler Relationen im Russischen, Polnischen und Serbeischen / Kroatischen

Author(s): A.V. Koroleva / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 60/2015

Review of: The instrumental of place and time in the Slavic languages. Case marking and prepositional coding of local and temporal relations in Russian, Polish and Serbian / Croatian. Oldenburg: BIS-Verlag, 2014.

Derywaty z interfiksem -i- / -i/y- oraz pierwszym członem czasownikowym w języku serbskim, rosyjskim oraz polskim

Author(s): Dragana Ratkovic / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 51/2016

The paper gives a comparative historical analysis of derivative words with the i / i/y- interfix and a verb as the first component in Serbian, Russian and Polish from the standpoint of contemporary Slavic morphology (derivatology). The aim is to provide their description in terms of semantic variation. The author ascertains that all the three languages feature a derivational model of forming expressive lexis by means of the i / i/y- interfix, predominantly nouns, of mostly humorous and pejorative meaning. A special group is formed by onyms (nicknames turned surnames, but also toponyms, oronyms, hydronyms etc). This type of words first occurred in Serbian and Russian in the thirteenth century (possibly in Serbian in the eleventh century), and in Polish in the fifteenth century. Judging by the available sources, derivatives with the i- interfix appear frequently in historical as well as modern Serbian, Polish and Russian (much more in Serbian and Polish than in Russian). In Serbian and Russian pre-nineteenth-century sources chiefly given names and nicknames-turnedsurnames were noted (in Russian, also some animal and plant names as well as abstract nouns). In Old Polish, words of the discussed kind are zoological and botanical lexemes; from Middle Polish on, the lexemes encompass all semantic categories characteristic of modern Serbian and Russian. It should, however, be stressed that the inaccessibility of the spoken language as well as the limited number of sources introduce considerable uncertainty to observations regarding the time of origin and vocabulary of the first centuries of Slavic languages. This applies especially to expressively marked lexemes, a considerable portion of which is constituted by common nouns of the “A (verb) + -i- / -i/y- + B” model. In contemporary Serbian, Polish and Russian, the lexis formed by means of this derivational model is almost equally developed conceptually and relates predominantly to the same phenomena. Expressive words in all three languages are formed in the processes of metonymisation, metaphorisation, personification, hyperbolization and grotesque, and are characterized by numerous derivational and semantic equivalents.

DIctionnaire Synchronique des FAmilles dÉrivationnelles de mots français (DISFA ) jako faza ewolucji słowotwórstwa gniazdowego

Author(s): Wanda Fijalkowska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 21/2016

The lexicography of the Slavonic nations, especially the branch of nest lexicography, has seen an impetuous development since the sixties, producing at least fifty publications, but it remains effectively unknown to French lexicography. Updated terminology, the symbols of successive parts of speech in the word-formative chain from the centre of the nest to the specific derivative, remain an achievement of researchers solely on this side of the Rhône. The DISFA dictionary (Claude Gruaz et al., published *""‰) neither does refer to the Slavonic tradition, nor even to the native, French tradition (p.ex. an unfinished project from the nineties that was initiated by Danielle Corbin), and remains despite the announcements only a morphological and etymological dictionary.

Eзиковедската българистика в Лвивския университет

Author(s): Olha Soroka / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 23/2011

Formuliczność w Słowniku górnołużycko-polskim

Author(s): Grzegorz Szpila / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2015

The paper discusses the place and presentation of formulaic language in Henryk Zeman’s Słownik górnołużycko-polski. Published in 1968, it has remained to date the only bilingual Upper-Sorbian-Polish dictionary of that size. It contains over 5000 phraseological units of varius types. The paper discusses the types of formulaic language found in the lexicon, the macroand microstructure of the dictionary, and the equivalence of Upper-Sorbian phraseological units in the Polish language. Notwithstanding a few inaccuracies, inconsitencies and errors, as well as lexical out-datedness, the dictionary appears to be an invaluable source of lexical information about the formulaic Upper-Sorbian.

Fraz. zbić z pantałyku ‘stropić kogo, pozbawić pewności siebie’

Author(s): Grazyna Rytter / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 51/2016

The article concerns the East-­Slavic linguistic influence on Polish in the second half of the nineteenh century as exemplified by the meaning of the phrase zbić z pantałyku. Today’s meaning of the phrase is associated with another phraseologism zbić z tropu ‘to throw [lit. knock] off trace,’ which originates from the hunting jargon. *Pantałyk as a separate word is not (and never has been) used in general Polish, and the comprehensibility of the whole phrase is the result of the sum of its components. East Slavic counterparts of the phrase are attested from the mid­nineteenth century. In the Polish of the period, zbić z pantałyku had a colloquial status, and its usefulness in the sphere of everyday communication was a manifestation of economy of imaginary rather than conceptual means of expression. Especially in the conditions of widespread bilingualism, the new phrase could easily be recognized against the background of contemporary usage of near­synonymous colloquial phrases derived from the verb zbić ‘to beat’ but also ‘to knock off.’ The greater frequency of zbić z pantałyku in the Polish of south­eastern borderlands resulted from a combination of factors, mainly the blurred boundaries between literary and dialectal (folk) phraseology.

Gabriela Olchowa, Mieczysław Balowski (eds), Języki słowiańskie w procesie przemian, Banská Bystrica 2015

Author(s): Monika Biesaga / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 10/2016

HOMONIMIA WŚRÓD NOMINATÓW DOTYCZĄCYCH CZASU I PRZESTRZENI: POLSKO-ROSYJSKIE STUDIUM KONTRASTYWNE

Author(s): Martyna Król / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 29(34)/2016

The article is devoted to the problem of interlanguage homonymy. Resulting from the analysis of Polish and Russian nominates (words and phrasemes) in time and space, there have been selected four groups of interlanguage homonyms: proper homonyms (as well known as the simple ones), homonymoidal homonyms, idiomatic homonyms and culture homonyms. Special attention should be paid to the homonymoidal type of interlanguage homonymy, as this type of homonymy covers the cases of meaning inadequacies of words having very similar meanings in both analysed languages, and in formal-descriptive linguistics, those words are described as ambiguous. The practice in interlanguage contacts shows that the axiom concerning the language polysemy has a very negative influence on the acquisition of the so-called ambiguous lexemes of a foreign language by contributing to the process of identification of a certain form with all the meanings associated with this form in the native language. Hence, here comes to being the postulate to treat lexemes as monosemantic language units and obligatorily use the new notion “homonymoid”, which, according to the author, may replace the notion of “polysemy” as referred to the relations of systemic nominative units.

Język rosyjski przełomu lat 20. i 30. XX wieku w krzywym zwierciadle trzech słowników przekładowych

Author(s): Jolanta Medelska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 40/2016

The author compares key word entries of three translational dictionaries: Russian- German, Russian-Polish, and Russian-Lithuanian. These are moderately-sized dictionaries published about 1930. For their respective authors (a German, a Pole, and a Lithuanian), Russian was not their native language, and yet they each mastered it wonderfully, having spent part of their lives in the Russian Empire and in the USSR. The dictionaries studied were compiled in a period of unprecedented growth in new Russian lexis. Lexical resources expanded rapidly due to violent socio-political changes and the new phenomena they brought about that needed to be named, as well as the concomitant, equally dynamic scientific and technical advances, which also caused a substantial increase in new lexis. The level of difficulty in constructing a list of key words was increased by the lack of current Russian definition dictionaries at the time. The author has shown that the editors of the Russian-German and the Russian- Polish dictionaries, that appeared in Moscow, included abundant neologisms: the most variegated Sovietisms (e.g., агитпункт, cоциал-предатель), scientific and technical vocabulary (авиация, автомобиль), acronyms (нэп, Главрепертком), as well as borrowings from the national languages of the USSR (арык, аул). At the same time, the Russian-Lithuanian dictionary published in Kovno (Kaunas) does not include a single Sovieticism, no acronyms, no “Soviet” orientalism, even a suprisingly modest showing of scientific and technical lexis (merely a few percent of the resources included in the Moscow dictionaries). This dictionary includes numerous archaic and regional vocabulary units (e.g., чаемый, чапыжник), omitted in the remaining dictionaries.

Językowy obraz DOMU w etnolekcie łemkowskim. Analiza danych słownikowych

Author(s): Malgorzata Misiak / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 60/2015

The article is a part of the study into Lemkos’ concept of HOME based on the analysis of vocabulary data and selected texts. The linguistic and cultural analysis of the concept of HOME presented in the article shows that it is a crucial value for the Lemkos. ДИМ/ХЫЖА refers to not only ‘a building / house’ but, in particular, it becomes a synonym of a small lost homeland especially in the context of displacing the Lemkos. The text was written under the research project Methods of analysing the linguistic picture of the world in the context of comparative research led by professor Jerzy Bartmińki (a grant NPRH no 0132/NPRH2/H12/81/2012, The Institute of Slavic Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences).

Književnost rusinskog jezika u kontekstu jugoslovenskih književnosti

Author(s): Julijan Tamaš / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 249/1979

Migracionim procesom koji je počeo polovinom XVIII a završio sredinom XIX veka, došli su Rusini, njih preko dvadeset hiljada, iz istočne Slovačke, Zakarpatske Ukrajine i Galicije, na teritoriju današnje Vojvodine. Zadržali su se usput u Zemplinskoj županiji i oblasti Makova, u gornjoj Mađarskoj. Doneli su sobom šarišsko-zemplinski dijalekt, govor koji je u osnovi današnjeg standardnog književnog jezika Rusina u Jugoslaviji i bogatu usmenu književnost, čiji su osnovni oblici lirska pesma, balada i pripovetka (proučavali M. Jacenko, O. Zilinski i M. Mušinka). Usmena književnost Rusina u Jugoslaviji u mlađim slojevima uspostavlja veze s tradicijom usmene knji- ževnosti srpskog i mađarskog jezika, ali njen osnovni, izvorni kontekst su usmene književnosti karpatskog areala: ukrajinskog, slovačkog i poljskog jezika.

KOGNITYWNY MODEL KONCEPTU STRACH W JĘZYKU UKRAINSKIM

Author(s): Lukasz Malecki / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2013

The article is dedicated to the investigation of the concept FEAR in the Ukrainian language mapping. Semantic constituents and the general structure of the concept have been determined on the basis of the linguistic material; the principles of cognitive linguistics and cognitive definition have been taken into account.

Koncepcja kodów kultury w rosyjskich i ukraińskich badaniach lingwokulturologicznych i etnolingwistycznych

Author(s): Iryna Chybor / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 06/2015

This article presents the concept of cultural codes which was earlier discussed in the works of Russian and Ukrainian scholars in the fields of ethnolinguistics and linguoculturological perspectives. The key linguoculturological terms, such as cultural code and ethnocode, are explained. The author of this article has analysed the existing Ukrainian and Russian linguistics theoretical basics of defining, isolating and classifying cultural codes.

Księga akt grodzkich trockich (1660−1661) ze zbiorow Biblioteki Uniwersytetu Wileńskiego. II

Author(s): Viktorija Ušinskiene / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 59/2014

The article was prepared as part of the research project Court Books of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL): A Digital Database, undertaken by the Vilnius University Library in 2011–2014 (VUL, Nr. LIT-5-19). The paper deals with the hitherto unstudied Trakai Castle Court Acts of 1660–1661 (F7-MDGs, 1660–1661) from the VUL collection, and presents Part II of the critical catalogue of manuscripts written in Polish and Ruthenian languages, as well as their descriptions (leaves 210–466). These documents are important for the study of Lithuanian, Polish and Belarusian history, as their contents reflect a broad political, social and cultural panorama of the multilingual GDL society. This feature of the manuscripts enables us to consider them as unique reference books that represent the changing sociolinguistic situation in the GDL.