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The Dictionary by V. M. Mokienko came out in 1995. It contains historicaletimological commentaries, lexical items are illustrated solely by phraseological words. The problems of bad words semantic interpretation and their stylistic characteristics are observed.
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The article critically assesses the theory of communicative networks and its applicability in the study of multilingualism as found in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL). The author analyzes foundations for postulating the existence of a speech community in the GDL and adduces counterarguments against viewing this community as a linguistic alliance of the Balkan type. The article offers new sociolinguistic and areal-typological methods of the study of language contacts. The author substantiates a systematic approach toward the problem of the ethnic attribution of Ruthenian. Based on the literary, linguistic, and cultural parameters, the author offers to drop the term ‘Old (Middle) Belarusian’ or ‘Old (Middle) Ukrainian’ in reference to this language.
More...![A Polish argument for the underlying status of [ɨ]](/api/image/getissuecoverimage?id=picture_2016_34129.jpg)
This article argues against the single-phoneme approach discussed in Padgett (2001, 2003, 2010), which does not recognize the phonemic status of the vowel [ɨ]. The relevant data are drawn from the processes of Polish palatalization in the class of velars, while the presented analyses are couched in the theory of Lexical Phonology. It is argued that the lack of [ɨ] enforces the use of diacritics and leads to the proliferation of rules that are necessary to accommodate diacritically-specified contexts of palatalization. It is also shown that the singlephoneme approach leads to the morphologization of processes that are typically phonological. On the other hand, assuming the existence of underlying [ɨ] allows for a transparent and uniform account of palatalization effects.
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Specialised dictionaries fulfil a plethora of linguistic and cognitive functions in specialised communication. In particular, such reference works help introduce, harmonise and standardise national terminologies, thus playing an indispensable role in disseminating high quality specialised knowledge. An even more important role may be attributed to bilingual and multilingual specialised dictionaries, whose primary goal is to facilitate the flow of scientific and technical information at an international level. This function has come to the fore in today’s multinational and interconnected professional world. In light of the developing and ever stronger cooperation between Poland and Ukraine, an attempt is being made to evaluate bilingual and multilingual terminographic works containing Polish and Ukrainian which have been published in Poland to date. The aim is to assess the positive developments and to identify the gaps in Polish-Ukrainian terminography. It is hoped that the findings presented in this paper will be applied by terminographers in order to compile terminological dictionaries of higher quality, which satisfy the needs of specific users and follow terminographic principles.
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The two Turkic etymologies of Hung. ocsúdik (1508) ‘to awake, to come to, to regain consciousness’ proposed, on the one hand, in the late 19th century by Vámbéry (1870) and, on the other, by K. Palló in 1976 and 1982, have been rightly rejected by the authors of TLH. At the same time, the explanation for the origin of this word found in the etymological dictionaries of Hungarian (TESz, EWUng, Zaicz 2006), namely, that it is a derivative of an unknown unproductive stem, is not entirely convincing for morphological reasons. The present paper offers a new etymology for this word, explaining it as a loanword from East Slavonic очюдитися ‘to regain consciousness, to awake’ attested in 16th- and 17th-century Russian. The starting point for the discussion is M. Stachowski’s (2014) article, in which he compared Hung. ocsúdik with Polish dialectal ocudzić ‘to revive’.
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The aims of this paper are to introduce existing Ukrainian translations of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland and their respective translators; to discuss some reasons for recent retranslations of Lewis Carroll’s works; and to show some aspects of translators’ work which are characteristic of translations into Ukrainian and which primarily serve as a means of transferring the equivalent of the creative attributes of Lewis Carroll’s text for Ukrainian readers. The book is gaining in popularity in Ukraine and has been published four times in the last 10 to 15 years. Although it may be said that recent retranslations of Alice in Wonderland show the translators’ response to the demands from the publishers, these retranslations also expand the communication chain of literary reception which continues to cross linguistic boundaries, bringing new readers to the circle of Carroll’s admirers and opening up to them the boundless meaningful perspective of the Alice story. Preserving general equivalence to the original, each translator has tried to make use of the creative arsenal of language resources that exist in the Ukrainian language, bearing in mind – much like Lewis Carroll himself – different groups of readers.
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Mikhail Bakhtin’s term of “dialogism” is closely connected with the terms of “ambiguity” and “ambivalence”. Describing dialogism, hybridity, and polyphony in his study “Слово в романе” [The word in the novel] he creates a poetics of ambiguity and ambivalence. The current study demonstrates on the examples of four Russian writers of the 20th century how Bakhtin’s theory can be understood this way, forming a parallel with the poetics of contemporary writers such as Daniil Kharms, Yevgeny Zamyatin, and Andrei Platonov as well as writers of the second half of the century such as Andrei Bitov. Whereas in the case of Kharms, the inherent ambiguity of the text dealt with in this article leads to a sort of dialogue among scholars, the cases of Zamyatin and Platonov are closely linked with the problem of dystopia, for which is typical the penetration of dialogism into a monological world. The last case, Andrei Bitov’s novel “Puskinhouse”, is closely linked with postmodernist ambiguity.
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Turkish and Russian are in the different language groups of families in terms of structure and origin. This brings about native Russians language to encounter difficulties in both written and oral language of Turkish. It is known that each language has its own characteristics especially in spoken language and it can vary from region to region, even can vary from person to person. In this study, mistakes of Russian native speakers in oral expressions of Turkish language are investigated. Research consists of the introduction, goals, methods, findings, reviews and results sections. In this search was carried in TOMER (Turkish Language Teaching Center) belong to Ankara University and Gazi University and in preparatory class in Turkey -Kirghiz University, the mistakes of Russian native speakers in Turkish language oral expression are determined. These errors were observed generally in articulation, emphasis, toning, Turkish grammar and negative transfer.
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Besides being a language of international communication, English has become the largest source of borrowings for the contemporary world languages. However, despite the fact that borrowing from English is a commonly recognized linguistic phenomenon of the modern world, there is not much written about the incorporation of English borrowings into Lithuanian and Russian, languages that possess many shared linguistic features due to their close historical contacts. The goal of the present paper is to classify the major mechanisms of adaptation and integration of English loanwords in the linguistic systems of Lithuanian and Russian. Based on my research, there are many similarities in the patterns of borrowing English lexicon by Lithuanian and Russian. The most common pattern of integrating English loanwords in both languages is morphological adaptation, especially suffixation. Other mechanisms include phonological, morpho-phonological, syntactic adaptation and word creation. There are also a few distinguishable patterns of assimilating foreign material by these two languages. Based on the analyzed data, morphological adaptation is more productive in Lithuanian than in Russian. In general, the integration of English borrowings in Lithuanian and Russian reflects the most productive native patterns of word formation in both languages.
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All the substances with which man is encountered, saw through the prism of their physical, human beings, therefore mushroom shape resembles a human figure. Fungi, specifically their fruiting bodies sees as a people, and therefore their classification uses similar criteria as to the classification of people. The basic criterion for the classification of people is their gender. According to this criterion man “pigeonhole” the mushrooms and their names. The oldest pre-Slavic names of mushrooms are female (hliva, bedľa, holubinka, čírovka), most of them concerns slim species with lamella. Word hríb gradually became established as the name of the large mushrooms with tubular hymenofor. Under this cognitive scheme people in our region named by other species of fungi. So mushrooms, that evoke feminine qualities and attribute, are receiving feminine names. Massive mushrooms, or mushrooms having a variety of unpleasant physical and olfactory qualities can be classified as masculine. We know very ancient names of fungi belonging to one species today, for example: rýdzik (Lactarius deliciosus and related species), surovička (Lactarius volemus), biel (Lactarius piperatus and related species). While exploring the Slavic and old Slovak names of mushrooms are very helpful Hungarian words coming from the ancient Slavic.
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The article addresses two-fold peculiarities of verbs of the continuity of the Southern Aukštaitian sub-dialect in Belarus, Voranava district: archaic remains and innovative phenomena. Conjugation, formation and semantics of verbs from the sub-dialects of the boundary micro-areas of Southern Aukštaitian are reviewed from this perspective. The article follows both dialectological and sociolinguistic data of the past twenty years; therefore, there is a possibility to describe the most archaic and innovative verbal forms as well as to reveal the variation of their use and to identify the direction of their change. Data on the alternative or equivalent use of these verb forms were gathered from the information providers of both the older and the younger generation, enabling their analysis at the apparent time because the language of the older generation reflected the tendencies of use characteristic of the sub-dialect at least fifty years ago, while the language of the younger generation reflects contemporary tendencies characteristic of the same sub-dialect fifty years later. The article provides unique data on the Lithuanian language because certain verbal peculiarities discussed in the article are either not characteristic or little characteristic of the language of residents from the main area of Southern Aukštaitian; they are therefore not recorded or scarcely recorded. On the one hand, a long-term foreign environment and the isolation of the sub-dialect from the main area of the Lithuanian language led the sub-dialects of Voranava into even greater conservation; therefore, though very sporadically used, they feature especially archaic forms of Lithuanian verbs inherited from the remote past, perhaps even dating back to tribal Baltic languages. On the other hand, due to the continuous interaction with Slavic languages (mostly Belarusian), the sub-dialects under analysis underwent such innovative changes which have even formed a rather solid Slavic cover.
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Review on a book devoted to the questions concerning Polish and Russian syntax. A comparative study of a clause in both Slavonic languages.
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The interwar period was crucial for the development of Polish–Ukrainian relations in the following decades. Political commentaries, studies in linguistics, social sciences, and legislative acts from this period reflect the changes of Polish attitudes towards the Ukrainian minority. In the late 1920s and 1930s, the traditional and exonymic terminology Rusin and ruski was gradually replaced by the new forms Ukrainiec and ukraiński.
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The article deals with the Belarusian elements in the Russian dialect of the Old Believers living in Poland. The Old Believers arrived in Poland in the second half of the 18th century. At present they live in the Suwałki-Augustów region in the north eastern Poland. They inhabit mostly two villages in the county of Suwałki, namely Gabowe Grądy and Bór, which are very close to each other, and three towns: Augustów, Suwałki and Sejny. The dialect used by the Polish Old Believers represents the western Central Great Russian dialects characterized by akanie, the so-called Pskov group. They share features which are typical of Pskov. The dialect was also influenced by other north-eastern Belarusian dialects, that is, the ones which were closest to the areas originally inhabited by Old Believers, who migrated in phases. After each phase, their dialect came to reflect some new linguistic influences. A large number of lexemes directly borrowed from Polish, or via the Belarusian language, are found in this dialect, which is also characterized by other features common in Belarusian dialects or the Bulgarian language. By way of illustration, they include the following features: the prosthetic j-, prosthetic v-, the occurrence of the endings -im and -ym in the case of singular masculine adjectives in the locative, promotion of the endings -i and -y in the case of the plural masculine and neutral nouns in the nominative, and the occurrence of lexemes borrowed from the Belarusian language.
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The paper deals with the biblical quotations in the Slavonic translation of the apocryphal Questions of Bartholomew, a literary text written most likely in Greek in the 3rd century and later translated into Latin and Old Church Slavonic. The analysis of the Biblical quotations should help us to find out which redaction of the Old Church Slavonic translation of the Bible the translator had known and used, which could lead to a more accurate conclusion of when and where the translation was made. The research has been carried out in relation to the on-line version of the Old Church Slavonic Dictionary, which is a part of the project GORAZD: Digital Portal of the Old Church Slavonic Language.
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Several analyses have summarized the linguistic situation of Ukraine, highlighting various aspects of the problematic issues of Ukraine’s language policy. The fundamental problems of the linguistic situation in Ukraine are the lack of consensus regarding the issue of what role the Ukrainian language has in constructing the new post-Soviet identity and in nation building, what status the Russian language should be given in Ukraine. According to the data from the 2001 census, 80% of the adult population of Ukraine speak (at least) one other language fluently in addition to their mother tongue. In the country it is clear that the reality in most of Ukraine is of bilingualism. Almost everyone in Ukraine is bilingual; to varying degrees, a fundamental characteristic of the language situation in Ukraine is bilingualism of society. In spite of this, due to negative historical experiences, bilingualism is stigmatized in Ukraine, and that makes codification of bilingualism impossible on the state level. The paper shows the attitude of the political elite that took power after the overthrow of President Viktor Yanukovych towards the issue of bilingualism. We present how the linguists and representatives of the intellectuals comment on the bilingualism in Ukraine. The primordial, national romantic view that makes the Ukrainian language and the (free and independent) Ukrainian nation the same nowadays strongly dominates in Ukraine.
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The purpose of the current paper is to display a comparative analysis of the body idioms belonging to two related languages, Russian and Serbian that metaphorically designate human physical and psychical features. A part of the Russian and Serbian idioms contain in their structure a word related to body that function as a symbol. The research of the phraseological material has revealed that phrasemes that have as a head-word a word related to body is one of the most numerous type of phraseological units in both the two Slavic languages.
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In the article, the borrowings in Ukrainian as a linguistic and terminological problem are studied on the basis of etymological, comparative, morphosemantic, and acoustic phonetic analysis. It is shown that one of the most prevalent modifications that foreign words undergo in Ukrainian is a shift of values that can lead sometimes to the breach of motivation ties with the etymon meaning, and to irregularities or distortions of lexical semantic relations and to unwanted connotations. Therefore, normalization of foreign words usage is extremely important. In addition, excess of foreign words in Ukrainian – as in many European languages – often causes orthoepic and orthographic difficulties in their mastering. It is expedient therefore to intensify use of native units, minimizing the number of unnecessary borrowings. Relevant spelling propositions are formulated, including the use of the Ukrainian “ă” and “č” and expediency of some simplifications in the loanwords.
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Review of: 1. NYOMÁRKAY István: Rövid horvát és szerb nyelvtörténet [Brève histoire des langues croate et serbe]. Budapest, ELTE BTK Szláv Filológiai Tanszék, 2007. 292 p. by: Sándor Albert 2. KOCSIS Mihály: Tizenhatodik századi ukrán egyházi kézirataink és helyesírásuk [Ukrainische kirchliche Handschriften aus dem 16. Jh. in Ungarn und ihre Orthographie]. (Bibliotheca Slavica Savariensis X.) Szombathely, 2008. 325 p. by: Michael Moser 3. МИКЛАС Хайнц, ТАСЕВА Лора, ЙОВЧЕВА Мария: Берлински сборник. Среднобългарски книжовен паметник от началото на XIV век с допълнения от други ръкописи. София: Кирило-Методиевски научен център, Виена: Издателство на Австрийската академия на науките, 2006. 456 с. by: Михай Кочиш 4. CLEMINSON Ralph, MOUSSAKOVA Elissaveta, VOUTOVA Nina (ed.): Catalogue of the Slavonic Cyrillic Manuscripts of the National Széchényi Library. (CEU Medievalia 9.) Budapest: CEU Department of Medieval Studies & CEU Press & National Széchényi Library, 2006. XL+288 pp. by: Михай Кочиш 5. Studia Hungaro-Bulgarica. Tomus I. Szeged–Sumen, 2007. 274 p. by: Miklós Halmágyi, Julianna M. Pandur 6. УДВАРІ Іштван: Зберька жерел про студії русинського писемства IIІ. Гіадор Стрипськый, народописник, бібліоґраф, языкознатель, товмач. – UDVARI István: Szöveggyűjtemény a ruszin írásbeliség tanulmányozásához III. Sztripszky Hiador, néprajztudós, bibliográfus, nyelvész, műfordító. (Studia Ukrainica et Rusinica Nyíregyháziensia 21.) Nyíregyháza, 2007. 257 p. by: Михай Капраль 7. KISS SZEMÁN Róbert: Magyarország panaszától Szlávia panaszáig. Irodalmi tanulmányok [Von der Klage Ungarns bis zur Klage Slawiens. Literarische Studien]. (Opera Slavica Budapestinensia, Litterae Slavicae.) Budapest: ELTE BTK Szláv Filológiai Tanszék, 2007. 224 p. by: István Fried 8. АТАНАСОВА-СОКОЛОВА Дениз: Письмо как факт русской культуры ХVIII– XIX веков. (Серия Investigationes Russicae.) Budapest, 2006. 271 с. by: Ágnes Dukkon
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