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Целью настоящей статьи является продемонстрировать историкам прессы и театра, материалы о С. Выспянском, которые публиковались в 1906-1907 годах на страницах виленских ежедневних газет „Kurier Litewski” и „Dziennik Wileński”. Данный материал обсуждается хроно логически, (т.е. так как печатались обе газеты) и включает в себя нетолько статьи, театральные рецензии и статьи после смерти С. Выс- пянского, но и небольшие заметки, редакционные информации свя занные с автором Свадьбы. 1905-1907 годы это период возрожения польской политически- культурной жизни на территории бывшего Великого Литовского Кня жества. Особенно обращалось тогда внимание на национально-патрио тическую роль польского театра, которого выдающимся представителем был тогда С. Выспянски. Обсуждаемый материал показывает как виленские поляки относились к творчеству С. Выспянского и какова бы ла реакция польской критики в Вильно, Ковно и Минске после смерти поэта в 1907 году.
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This article attempts to verify the historically set axioms associated with the lengthening of vowels in word endings and its origin that are still popular in the normative tradition of Lithuanian linguistics; first of all, it posits that language contact affects the duration of vowels of Lithuanian mother tongue speakers in Vilnius and that lengthening of vowels thus originates from Russian and Polish. The article compares the pronunciation of three groups of Vilnius residents: 1) Lithuanian (those who grew up in Lithuanian-speaking families), 2) bilingual (those who grew up in a family where only one of the parents was Lithuanian and both Lithuanian and Russian / Polish or another Slavic language were used) and 3) native Russian and Polish speakers. The formulated hypothesis is that if longer endings occur in the speech of native Lithuanian speakers because of the influence of Slavic languages, those respondents who grew up in bilingual families and spoke Lithuanian and Russian or Polish at home would produce a longer /i/ and /u/ than native Lithuanian speakers from monolingual Lithuanian families. After comparative analysis of the stressed vowel duration in endings produced by respondents of different ethnic and linguistic backgrounds, it became evident that language contact was not the reason why native Lithuanian speakers produce not only short, but also long vowel variants in word endings.
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The subject of the description are language expressions with a black component in contemporary Spanish and Russian language. The research material has been extracted from the latest Spanish and Russian dictionaries. The analysis is conducted in lexical and semantic terms using cognitive description methods. The purpose of the description is to show tendency of the black colour to conceptualize around negative semantics. As the lexicographic analysis of the black color shows, the tendency towards the negative connotation of this color, whose semantics are combined with: coal, carbon, tar or tunnel inlet, is clearly visible in the three studied languages. The collected research material of language expressions with a black component allows for the separation of a number of groups with pejorative connotations related to the bad character of a person, with illegality and crime, in addition with sadness and negative view of the world, and also with culturally negative behavior, as well as with deficiency and lack, and with evil powers and devilish rituals.
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This paper focuses on systematizing current research on the Moscowurban dialect and qualifying this category to the developed methodology in the study of Czech and Polish urban dialects. The attempt to systematize this formation provides a basis for the confrontational cultural-lingual study of the urban space of the Warsaw urban dialect, Brno slang – Hantec, and Moscow urban dialect.
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With the transition of the socialist economy to the capitalistic model of economic development, new vocabulary related to this field (mainly of English origin) appeared in Polish and Russian. Phraseological calques such as złoty parasol (parasol)and золотой парашют have spread in lexical resources of both languages, mainly in the economic-financial-business environment. The international nature of these types of expressions demonstrates the globalization of laws and financial activities. Due to sym-bolic elites (journalists), writing in the non-specialist press, these phraseologies are also known to a wide audience. In Polish and Russian, the expressions also begin to function in an additional, non-economic sense, as attested to in journalistic contexts (2019/2020).
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This article deals with the usage of the constructions haben + zu + infinitive and sein + zu + infinitive in legal German and the ways of translating them into the Bosnian language. These constructions are typical of legal German and the verbs haben and sein serve as modifying verbs. The formal difference between these verbs and modal verbs is the particle zu. This study seeks to determine the meaning of the verbs haben and sein (+ zu + infinitive) in the Criminal Procedure Code of the Federal Republic of Germany, and their translation equivalents in Bosnian. Modal verbs are expected to be the most commonly used translation equivalents in Bosnian; however, this research is aimed at identifying other translation equivalents, also determining their frequency. The corpus analysis shows that these constructions can be replaced with the modal verb müssen and the infinitive. The construction haben + zu + infinitive is most often translated as the present and future tense, while the construction sein + zu + infinitive is usually translated as the construction morati + se + passive and se + present tense. The constructions imati + infinitive and imati + da + present tense are also used in legal Bosnian, as suggested by the Criminal Procedure Code of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Additionally, the Bosnian language has the biti (+za) + infinitive construction, in which biti has a modal meaning. However, this construction is not characteristic of the legal language.
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From a theoretical point of view the Russian literature is highly inspiring in its specific development from the Middle Ages to the present. Based on the research of literary theory and history in the broader context of Slavic languages and literatures the author outlines in several related studies the concept of the theory and history of Russian literature viewed from positions of comparative and genre studies in the background of several other Slavic and European literatures. As a natural part of Slavonic Studies this work follows current attempts to reinvent the theory and history of Slavic literatures. The text can also be seen as a preparatory study for designing comparative history of Russian literature and Slavic Literatures.
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The interest of Polish scholars in literary works written in Ruthenian or in Polish language in the borderlands of the Commonwealth varied in different periods. By the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 1930s, Poland was rather focused on the construction of her new national state and the accentuation of her civilizational mission towards Eastern Slavic literature. After World War II, the new borders of the Polish state under Communist rule directed the attention of Polish scholars and cultural dealers toward a new national conception, whose goal was to eradicate the memory of the Commonwealth and to canalize the intellectual efforts towards “truly” Polish heritage, anti-German antagonism and politically correct ideologies. However, some groundbreaking works were written in the 1960s. Radical changes appeared after 1989. Publications multiplied exponentially in the 1990s and 2000s. Post-colonial studies emerged. In Polish scholarship and culture, two main trends may be indicated: on the one hand, the need to analyze the cultural, linguistic and literary specificities of the borderlands of Ukraine and Belarus in the Lithuanian Grand principality and in the Crown territories; on the other, the need to consider in a systemic approach all the components (Ruthenian, Polish, Lithuanian, Jewish, German) of society and culture of the Rzeczpospolita. The article focuses on the most interesting trends and publications of the periods indicated above.
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Review of: Galina Miškinienė - Lina Lieparskienė, Arūnas Baltėnas. Vietiniai. Nepaprasta kelionė į Trakų kraštą. Vilnius, 2019. 263 p. ISBN 978-609-95262-1-8, 978-609-425-245-7.
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U književnosti rusinskog jezika u Jugoslaviji moderna struktura prevladala je tek sedamdesetih godina ovoga veka, okupivši oko poetike modernog brojniju formaciju pisaca, uglavnom mlađih i nekolicinu danas već pedesetogodišnjaka, koji su se u preobražajima vlastite poetike približili, zahvaljujući i delovanju mlađih, strukturi koja bi se mogla nazvati bliskom modernoj.
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This paper is concerned with regional anthroponymy. Its subject refers to genetically diverse surnames, which identify representatives of ethnic groups living in borderland Podlasie and confirm the multicultural character of this region. The origin of Podlasie surnames was established on the basis of lexical, phonetic, word forming and other features that allowed the identification of surnames of Polish, East Slavic, Lithuanian and German origin, as well as personal names of Jews and Tartars. Specific features of this set of anthroponyms are indicated, such as hybrid formations that combine various linguistic elements in one structure.
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The present article addresses the principal phonetic phenomena of the languages used in borderland areas and their interaction. It analyzes of dialectological and sociolinguistic material collected from the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century from three points in the Šalčininkai district. It analyzes the phonetic convergence of the dominating local language varieties — Belarusian, Polish and Lithuanian — and establishes the tendencies of this process. The situations of natural communication in the context of code-switching are analyzed in the study: when the speakers are fluent and use several languages at the same time by actively switching between them in conversations. The research is, based on the theory proposed by Valerijus Čekmonas, the researcher of the interaction of languages and Slavicist: the speaker switches between languages according to certain rules, which can be described by algorithms. Based on this method of algorithms, the study reveals the phonetic tendencies and proves a very important role and influence of the now passively used Lithuanian language on the articulation of contemporary Slavic languages. The research showed that the reasons of convergence of phonetic phenomena of the language varieties functioning in the borderland areas are mainly sociolinguistic. After comparing the phonetic peculiarities of local Polish and Belarusian dialects, it turned out that the phonetics of both dialects is essentially the same. The informants pronounce the soft consonants used in the local Lithuanian dialect in the same way as they are pronounced when speaking local Slavic dialects. The cases, which are not typical of Belarusian and Polish dialects, when consonants are intensively confused, were recorded; it is likely a feature of the Lithuanian substratum.
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he dialectological and sociolinguistic material from the Southern Aukštaitian borderland is under the investigation in this article. The most recent records of the speaker of the Lithuanian Southern Aukštaitian in Šalčininkai district are analyzed in order to study the changes in the syntax. The peripheral area of the Southern Aukštaitian located in Šalčininkai district is surrounded or, speaking more precisely, in contact with languages other than Lithuanian, i. e. Belarusian and Polish, and relatively recently with the Russian language as well. The purpose of this article is to reveal the process of interception and convergence of syntactic compounds in the Lithuanian dialect of Šalčininkai district. The paper is based on ideas by Vytautas Ambrazas (2006) on this topic. Because of continuous language contact a lot of variants in the present Lithuanian dialect of Šalčininkai region have developed. For example, very frequently the prepositions ant ‘on’, dėl ‘for’, į ‘to’, po ‘after’ used in combination with case tend to acquire more specific meanings. A lot of them become analogous to those found in the neighbouring Slavic languages and thus are often alien for Lithuanian. The impact of standard Lithuanian cannot be totally disregarded either. The Lithuanian and Slavic languages are in active contact in these neighbourhoods, that is’ why they tend to develop the same patterns and constructions. In many cases the local Belarusian dialect, known as the poprostu (‘plain language’ – a local variant of the Belarusian northwestern dialect), plays a stimulating role here. Relatively recently all three contact languages, i.e. Lithuanian, Belarusian and Polish, have acquired numerous lexical and grammatical borrowings in the dialects of Šalčininkai neighborhoods. This is one of the conditions for accelerating the incorporation and adoption of alien syntactic patterns in the Lithuanian language. In intense contact, borrowing is not limited to several different patterns because syntactic rules could be adopted as well. Surely, the archaic constructions could acquire entirely new semantic content. The prepositional phrases have been adopted and used not instead of pure cases, but rather alongside with them.
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The work focuses on the transmission of culture-related content in the didactic process directed toward the development of communicative competence. The aim of the author is to investigate to what extent this question is reflected in language teaching materials intended to teach Russian as a foreign language. The first chapter presents opinions associated with Russian studies and the methods which are currently applied. The description is diachronic in nature and it constitutes a point of departure to present the basic questions in the communicative approach and to direct the attention of the reader to the problem of interculturality. This part of the work discusses both the role of the process of thinking, the place of the maternal tongue as well as the question of linguistic kinship as those factors which determine the acquisition of the Russian language by Poles. The second chapter familiarises the reader with the problem of competence, which was investigated from the linguistic, psycholinguistic and language teaching perspective. The focus of this chapter has to do with communicative competence, which is referred to the modern language pedagogy. Another aspect which is considered has to do with the differences in the development of competence in the maternal and the foreign language which are taken into account during the process of teaching the Russian language to Poles. The third chapter discusses the concept of culture conceived of as a universum and its relationship with language was analysed. The crucial problem of this part of the work is associated with the selection of cultural content in order to use it in the teaching of Russian as a foreign language. The author suggested the concept of the organisation of the material at whose heart lies the research term leksykultura [lexiculture]. The shared collection of values and beliefs which is manifested in this term is recognised as the basic and binding factor which constitutes lexiculture. It may be presented in the day-to-day communication of the native speakers of the Russian language; an important role is also played by the semantic surplus which manifests itself in the Polish-Russian intercultural relations. Subsequently the author analysed whether or not the assumptions that were accepted are reflected in the selected textbooks whose purpose is to teach Russian as a foreign language. The presence of lexicultures was analysed in the perspective of their selection, mode of introduction and methodical activities directed to the student. The material that was collected was subject to a qualitative and quantitative analysis. The purpose of this analysis was to reveal whether or not in the modern Russian language pedagogy the model of learning a language in strict reference to the communicative application of language is promoted. The approach toward the transmission of culture-related content in the process of teaching Russian that is presented in this work is an attempt at departing from the traditional research works. The centre of attention is occupied by communication as the superior factor which determines the approach to the teaching of culture-related content and treats the language learner as a subject whose initial perspective on the world and the system of values was shaped by his or her maternal language and native culture.
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Rossica Olomucensia: A Journal for Russian and Slavonic Philology is a peer-reviewed non-impact journal that serves as a media platform for the Department of Slavonic Studies of the Philological Faculty of Palacký University, Olomouc.
Rossica Olomucensia was registered with the Department of Culture of the Czech Republic in 2008 (registration no. 18418). The journal has two issues a year. The volume numbers continue the numbering of the previous annually published journal.
The journal publishes original research studies in the field of philology (since 2008 80% of the journal has consisted of original articles) and other articles (reviews, news, chronicle) in the field of Russian linguistics and literature and that of other Slavonic languages. Contributions are accepted in all Slavonic languages and in English. Contributions have abstracts in English. In 2008 an editorial board was established and all contributions are consistently anonymously peer-reviewed.
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