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Kas õpi- või õpperuum? Mõistekasutus loob arusaama õppimise sisust

Kas õpi- või õpperuum? Mõistekasutus loob arusaama õppimise sisust

Author(s): Katrin Aava,Katrin Karu,Esta Kaal,Mari Uusküla / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 8-9/2020

In our article we conceptualise the meaning of the Estonian words õpiruum ‘learning space’ and õpperuum ‘study space’ by analysing media texts retrieved from the Internet. A media text, as we understand it, is any constructed media product or piece of communication, whether printed or audiovisual, which can be analysed and deconstructed. Until recently, the two terms õpiruum and õpperuum have been used inconsistently and all too often as synonyms in Estonian. By presenting several examples and pictures from media texts we argue that these two terms should rather be used in different contexts and definitely not used as synonyms. A closer look at the uses of these two terms in dictionaries enables us to construct the meaning of the word stems õpi- and õppe-. The textual and visual material retrieved from the Internet gives multiple, vague and contradictory responses. In texts, õpiruum and õpperuum are almost invariably used as synonyms. Visual examples, however, allow to conclude that õpiruum is usually an open space where students have active roles, the room itself allows certain mobility and flexibility, and the process taking place in this room could be characterised as co-creation between students and teacher. On the contrary, õpperuum is a room which does not allow any flexibility or mobility, the role of the students is rather passive as only the teacher has an active role and the process taking place in this kind of room could be characterised as a one-way-path from a teacher who teaches and the students who are there to study. We suggest that the two terms õpiruum and õpperuum should be used in different ways and we propose to define õpiruum as follows: õpiruum ‘learning space’ is a space where parties in the learning process establish the meaning of what is being learnt together.

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Eesti keel XVII ja XVIII sajandil kiriku kirjalikus asjaajamises

Author(s): Kristiina Ross,Inna Põltsam-Jürjo / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 7/2021

The article deals with language use in 17th-18th century documents concerning the Estonian-speaking area. Although this was the period when German (and Swedish) pastors were busy creating literary Estonian, the latter was mainly used in translating church literature (catechisms, hymns, the Bible) and in sermon writing. The matrix language used in church administration was German. The documents contain but single Estonian sentences, phrases and words still missing generalised analysis. A closer look is given to the cases of Estonian used in four kinds of documents of church administration: 17th century visitation records, two different kinds of parish registers from the early 18th century, and a register of parishioners from the late 18th century. It is investigated whether it is reasonable to approach the Estonian language material found in those documents as cases of code switching and what could be revealed by such text fragments about the linguistic communication and the status of the Estonian language at that time. The results suggest that the code-switching approach worked best for the visitation records, where the Estonian quotations reveal a clear pragmatic meaning, namely, by switching from the German matrix language to Estonian, the writer expressed distancing from the quote. In parish registers, German and Estonian entries follow different templates. Occasional switching from one language to the other had no pragmatic meaning, whereas choice of the template must have been eloquent of intra-community social relations. The exact nature of the relationship needs further research, though. As for the register of parishioners from the late 18th century, it suggests that at least some of the documents of the period in question show mixed use of the two languages without any special meaning added by code switching.

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Lühikroonika

Lühikroonika

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 10/2021

Chronicle of events.

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Lühikroonika

Lühikroonika

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 11/2021

Chronicle of events.

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Lühikroonika

Lühikroonika

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 12/2021

Chronicle of events.

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Kas katikahammustamatu etümoloogiline pähkel - linnased 'idandatud (odra)terad'?

Author(s): Lembit Vaba / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 3/2022

There is still no good etymology for the Estonian-Votic terms for malt – Est. linnas, usu. pl linnased, Vot. linnaz, linnahzõt. The etymologies offered this far are based on occasional juxtapositions without sufficient semantic motivation, thus raising more questions than providing answers. The main Finnic brewing terms are Germanic (Scandinavian) loanwords, while Est. õlu ‘beer’ etc. is either of Germanic or Baltic origin. This article considers the possible Baltic (Balto-Slavic) origin of the Estonian-Votic malt name, seeing the donor form in the Balto-Slavic stem variant *linda- (*lindā) ~ *ln̥da- (< I.E. lendh-), some of whose Baltic descendants are Lith. lį̇̃sti (< *lind-ti; leñda, liñdo) ‘to crawl, move slowly, drag (on); germinate, sprout etc.’, Latv. lìst (lìen ~ lìed, lìda) ‘crawl, creep, move slowly; squeeze in; appeal (to), please; cut, mow; sprout, germinate etc.’, OPru. lindan (accsg) ‘valley’, Rus. ляда ’assarted field or grassland; a plot of woods or bush assigned for slash and burn; virgin land; fallow land overgrown with grass or brushwood; low grass; bush, young woodland etc.’, (O)Cz. lado ‘overgrown, fallow, bad land’, Pol. lada ‘virgin land’ etc. (Slav. *lęd-). The presumed meaning of the Baltic (Balto-Slavic) source word is ‘germ, sprout (of a plant or grain)’. The borrowing must have adapted to the nouns with inflectional suffix -kse: *linta- > *linδa-kse-. The above etymological suggestion is supported by some (East) Slavic malt names analogously associated with germination such as Rus. dial. рóща ‘growth force; germ, sprout; greenery; shoot, runner; young mixed forest; germinated barley, malt’, рости́ло ‘rye malt’, BRus. рόшча ‘shoot, plant, germinated grains, growth in length’. Those Slavic malt names have semantic Finnic parallels such as Vot. itü ‘germ; malt’, Fin. dial. itu ‘germ’: itujauhot ‘malt’, Ingr. iDü ‘malt’, Olon. idy ‘germinated grains before drying’ etc., Lud. id́u: id́ud́auhod pl ‘malt flour’, Veps. idu, id́u: idujouh.

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Kaitstud doktoritööd

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 12/2016

Defended doctoral theses.

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Lühikroonika

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 04/2017

Chronicle of events.

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Eestlaste tunded keelepeeglis

Author(s): Sven-Erik Soosaar / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 05/2017

Review of: Ene Vainik. Eesti tunded. Sõnaportreed. Eesti Keele Instituut, 2016. 327 lk.

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Lühidalt

Author(s): Miina Norvik,Mall Jõgi,Brita Melts,Johanna Ross / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 07/2017

Reviews of: Jean-Pierre Minaudier. Grammatika ülistus. Ühe kirgliku rahvaste- ja sõnadehuvilise lingvistilised rännakud. Tallinn: Varrak, 2017. 149 lk. Liivi rahva keel ja meel. Eduard Vääri uurimused liivlastest ja liivi keelest. Tallinn: Eesti Teaduste Akadeemia Emakeele Selts, 2016. 429 lk. Keiti Vilms. @keitivilms. Eesti esimene säutsukogumik. Tallinn: Tänapäev, 2017. 175 lk. Ajapüüdja. Mälestusi Kokora mailt. Kogunud Andrus Kasemaa. MTÜ Alatskivi Kogukonna Arenguselts, Liivi Muuseum, 2017. 453 lk.

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Kihnu õs

Author(s): Joel Sang / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 11/2017

Review of: Kihnu sõnaraamat. Koostanud Reene Leas, Reti Könninge, Silvi Murulauk, Ellen Niit. Toimetanud Karl Pajusalu, Jüri Viikberg. Kihnu Kultuuri Instituut, Eesti Keele Instituut, Tartu Ülikooli eesti ja üldkeeleteaduse instituut. Kihnu– Pärnu–Tallinn–Tartu: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2016. 652 lk.

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Lühidalt

Author(s): Janika Kronberg ,Mall Jõgi,Vivian Siirman,Brita Melts / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 12/2017

Reviews of: Viivi Luik. Pildi ilu rikkumise paratamatus. Esseed ja artiklid. Tallinn: EKSA, 2017. 381 lk. Zum Beispiel Estland. Das eine Land und vielen Sprachen. Valerio. Das Magazin der Deutschen Akademie für Sprache und Dichtung, kd 19. Koostajad ja toimetajad Silke Pasewalck, Anna Bers, Reet Bender. Göttingen: Wallstein Verlag, 2017. 188 lk. Voldemar Veedam, Carl. B Wall. Purjetamine Vabadusse. Tallinn: Eesti Mälu Instituut, 2017. 333 lk. Ex(k)odus. Tekst Kaja Haukanõmm. [Pärnu]: K. Haukanõmm, 2017. 64 lk. Marju Kõivupuu. Loomad eestlaste elus ja folklooris. Tallinn: Tänapäev, 2017. 342 lk.

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Kaitstud doktoritööd

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 03/2018

Defended doctoral theses.

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Murdelugusid Ristilt ja Harju-Madiselt

Author(s): Meeli Sedrik / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 04/2018

Review of: Evi Juhkam. Loode-Eesti murdelood. Risti ja Harju-Madise. (Valimik murdetekste IX.) Tallinn: EKSA, 2017. 279 lk.

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Imperfekat u Tišminom prevodu romana Sorstalanság/Besudbinstvo Imrea Kertesa

Imperfekat u Tišminom prevodu romana Sorstalanság/Besudbinstvo Imrea Kertesa

Author(s): Dušanka Zvekić Dušanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 53/2022

Iako se smatra se da je imperfekat u savremenom srpskom jeziku uveliko potisnut iz upotrebe, primećeno je da je ovaj glagolski oblik neočekivano živ u jeziku prevoda romana Sorstalanság/Besudbinstvo Imrea Kertesa. Njegova visoka frekvencija može se pripisati individualnom opredeljenju prevodioca Aleksandra Tišme, posebno ako se ima u vidu da u mađarskom jeziku, jeziku originala, ne postoji glagolski oblik koji bi bio semantički ekvivalent srpskom imperfektu. Uzimajući u obzir jezik originala, u radu se analiziraju različiti sintaksički i semantički konteksti u kojima ga Tišma upotrebljava.

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Läänemeresoome päritolu nimed kuramaa perekonnanimede sõnaraamatus

Author(s): Lembit Vaba / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 6/2020

Review of: Ilmārs Mežs, Anna Stafecka, Renāte Siliņa-Piņķe, Otīlija Kovaļevska. Latviešu uzvārdi arhīvu materiālos. Kurzeme, Zemgale, Sēlija. Kd I–II. Rīga: Latviešu valodas aģentūra, 2019. 352 + 368 lk

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Lühikroonika

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 6/2020

Chronicle of events.

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Kaitstud doktoritööd

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 7/2020

Defended doctoral theses.

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Läti ja läänemeresoome keelekontaktid kalastus-sõnavara peeglis

Author(s): Lembit Vaba / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 11/2020

Review of: Benita Laumane. Zvejasrīku nosaukumi Latvijas piekrastē. Liepāja: Liepājas Universitāte, Kurzemes Humanitārais institūts, 2019. 507 lk.

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Vist või kindlasti? - Tõenäosuspartikli vist pikk teekond eesti kirjakeeles

Author(s): Külli Habicht,Külli Prillop / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 1-2/2022

A survey is given of the development of the content and shape of the epistemic particle vist in Estonian texts from the oldest written records to this day. Diachronic analysis revealed a change in the use and meaning of the particle, notably, a gradual decrease in its epistemic certainty. In 17th century texts the forerunner of the modern particle vist was the adverb vissist, meaning ‘for sure’, but in modern standard Estonian vist expresses medium certainty, like oletatavasti ‘probably’. Consequently, we have to do with a process of pragmaticalization. According to our analysis of old dictionaries and texts the shortening vissisti > vist must have occurred nearly two centuries before the semantic change ‘for sure’ > ‘probably’. We assumed that the possible reason for the shortening lay in oral language usage, whence the first appearance of vist in the 1660s, first in Heinrich Göseken’s dictionary (1660) and almost simultaneously in Pastor Christoph Blume’s writings, especially in his hymns. At the time the meaning of both short and long forms was ‘for sure’. In 18th century texts the frequencies of the variants vist and vissisti are nearly equal, whereas in the 19th century vist becomes nearly thrice as frequent as vissisti. The semantic change of ‘for sure’ > ‘probably’ appears in writing since the late 19th century. There are also some bridging constructions illustrating the process of reanalysis. The derivative process of the particle vist is particularly noteworthy: Since the mid-19th century the particle vististi appears in literary Estonian, which was first associated with the initial meaning of vist ‘for sure’, but by today both vist and vististi have aquired the meaning of ‘probably’ (medium certainty). Such semantic change is not, however, unique as similar tendencies can be found in Russian, German and Galician, for example. Therefore, diachronic development of discourse particles certainly deserves more specific qualitative research in the future.

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