‘To Speak of Cattle Is to Speak of Man’: Anthroparchal Interactions in John Connell’s the Farmer’s Son

Author(s): Paul Mihai Paraschiv / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

“To Speak of Cattle is to Speak of Man”: Anthroparchal Interactions in John Connell’s The Farmer’s Son. The present paper intends to build a critique of contemporary farming practices, based on Erika Cudworth’s theory of “anthroparchy.” By exemplifying how anthroparchal interactions function in John Connell’s memoir, I will outline the becoming of a posthuman farmer that awakens certain sensibilities towards nonhuman animals, in ways that compel a rethinking of gendered relations, patriarchy, violence, and capitalist interests. The analysis provides a needed insight into recent developments in Irish rural farming, detailing the position of the human subject in relation to nonhuman otherness and describing some of the changes that need to be made regarding the power relations that are at work within patriarchal systems. To this extent, Cudworth’s theoretical framework and Connell’s memoir are proven to be contributing to the necessary restructuring of farming practices and of human-nonhuman interactions.

‘TRAMONTARE’ NEI DIALETTI ITALIANI: UN EXCURSUS ONOMASIOLOGICO E MOTIVAZIONALE

Author(s): Federica Cugno / Language(s): Italian Issue: 4/2020

‘Setting’ in Italian Dialects: an Onomasiological and Motivational Excursus. This study aims to identify and analyze the main lexotypes for the notion of ‘setting’ in Italian dialects. The comparative analysis of data offered by the Italian Linguistic Atlas and by some regional atlases reveals a fair variety of lexical types which in most cases are distributed in continuous and homogeneous areas, even though the most recent regional atlases reveal an evident process of Italianization signaled by the affirmation of the Italian type ‘tramontare’. On the motivational level, it can be observed that the most productive category is made up of verbal forms that express a descending motion for which the meaning ‘setting’ represents a metaphorical extension of the semantic value of the predicate.

“As a Choir of Frogs”. Nightmares in Australian Great War Poetry

Author(s): Dominic Sheridan / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

Australian Great War poets were not able to escape their relationship with the dead, turning nightmares into poetry. Images haunted them, and through their poetry it may be seen that they lived in dread which became a central state of their subconscious. Frederic Manning said that the battle fields were the damned circles where Dante trod, recognising that he was in a hell where the dead became the carrion of rats and crows. Leon Gellert said that he strolled to hell where the world rolls wet with blood and the skinny hand of Death gropes at the beating heart. Their horrific visions help explain the shell-shocked realities of post-war years. Manning saw a boy’s face coming out of a cloud through a mist of blood, haunting him with its trembling lips, convulsing with terror and hate. He says it was the mask of God, broken by the horrors of war. Some saw hope in happy dreams interrupting nightmares, but Manning and Gellert stand as poetic examples of the soldier’s wartime hell. Gellert wrote, ‘the scythe of time runs red, while a Foul Voice screams and Fear runs shrieking by the wall’. Manning saw them all as a raucous choir of frogs. These mad images inform the reader of a mind tormented by sights too hideous to reconcile, and show the poet’s subconscious dread of the terror he must live with.

“CORONA BUT FREEDOM”: SELF-DISCOVERY AND FAMILY IN SAJEEV SASI’S SHORT STORY DISCOVER YOURSELF: A TALE OF COVID-19 DAYS

Author(s): Ali Guneş / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

This paper examines the impact of the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) on the human in Sajeev Sasi’s short story Discover Yourself: A Tale of COVID-19 Days. In doing so, the paper looks at two opposing sides of the COVID-19 during the pandemic. First, it briefly argues the negative aspects of the pandemic because it has disrupted the normal flow of life and caused the death of millions of people. Secondly, the paper explores how the pandemic has also created opportunities. Individuals reconsider their lives and discover themselves, their hidden identity, unknown potentials, and their way of life positively when locked down at home. Given the opportunity created by the lockdown, the article also discusses the importance of a warm, safe, and comfortable family life during hardship and difficulties. The paper argues these points through the life and views of the fictional character Karihaalan in the story above.

“Essa Dama Bate Bué” E O Cânone Literário Angolano

Author(s): Iolanda Vasile / Language(s): Portuguese Issue: 4/2021

Essa Dama Bate Bué and the Angolan Literary Canon. A relevant topic for the history of literature, the literary canon has been widely questioned and the Angolan literary canon is no exception, being constantly susceptible to changes. The current paper aims at challenging the Angolan literary canon and defending the necessity of including the novel Essa Dama Bate Bué by Yara Monteiro. Published in 2018, it represents an example of silenced literature about women and guerrilla movements during the war for national independence, the subsequent civil war, and the post-conflict period. The book problematizes the presence of women in national wars, the countless roles they played, but also their integration in the post-colonial society, giving insights into a topic largely ignored in Angolan literature.

“FEMINE ERRANTI”: BIBLIJSKE ŽENE U DJELIMA TALIJANSKIH RENESANSNIH UMJETNICA

Author(s): Dubravka Dulibić-Paljar / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1-2/2020

Review of: Dubravka Dulibić-Paljar - Francesca Maria Gabrielli, Evine kćeri: žene o biblijskim ženama u talijanskoj renesansi. Zagreb: Disput. 2019. 217. str.

“Sobrevivió […] la imagen judía de la ciudad”. Representaciones literarias de Łódź en dos autores latinoamericanos

Author(s): Ewa Kobyłecka-Piwońska / Language(s): Spanish Publication Year: 0

The paper aims to analyze the representations of Łódź in two short stories by Juan Manuel Torres, “El muchacho que mató a la luna” and “Al principio de la primavera”, and one long narration by Eduardo Halfon “Oh gueto mi amor”.

“Uprooted:” Anton Chekhov’s Influence on Frank O’Connor

Author(s): Márta Pellérdi / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

Thus far perhaps the most acclaimed Irish practitioner of the short story, Frank O’Connor, attributes a lasting influence to Russian author Anton Chekhov when he considers the direction that the modern Irish short story was to take in the twentieth century. In The Lonely Voice: A Study of the Short Story (1963), O’Connor emphasized two particular themes in Chekhov’s short fiction that influenced his own stories: on the one hand, a preoccupation with loneliness; on the other, a belief that venial sin, or the adoption of a false personality, was “far more destructive” than mortal sin itself. In other writings, he expressed an interest in narrative technique and structure as he found them in Chekhov’s stories. The article explores O’Connor’s “Uprooted” from his collection Crab Apple Jelly (1944), a story about displaced intellectuals. My reading illustrates how the Irish writer was not only adopting Chekhov’s themes but was also experimenting with Chekhov’s character types and narrative techniques, particularly as found in the Russian author’s story “The Lady with the Dog.” At the same time, O’Connor developed a distinctly individual technique of his own within the Irish realist/naturalist short story tradition, making a lasting impact on the art of the modern Irish short story. Unlike his displaced Irish characters in “Uprooted,” he prefers to remain faithful to this tradition.

„Le Sari vert”, un plaidoyer pour les femmes au-delà de l’océan Indien

Author(s): Bernadette Rey Mimoso-Ruiz / Language(s): French Issue: 21/2022

Although Le Sari vert is presented as a masculine monologue, it is none the less a plea in favour of women, an illustration of ill-treatment in the name of virility in a context which cannot be simply limited to society in Mauritius. In the course of this study, starting with the problematic centred on the monstrosity in its manifestations and its psychological limits, the article examines the elements specifically pertaining to the culture and the society of Mauritius, to its Indian heritage in the concept of women, to the influence of a hierarchical religion as well as the linguistic elements typical of Ananda Devi which give to the work a dimension opening onto the Western World in order to serve a cause which is sadly universal.

„Manger l’autre” (2018) : pour une autre poétique insulaire

Author(s): Cynthia Volanosy Parfait / Language(s): French Issue: 21/2022

Ananda Devis’s Manger l’autre (or “Eating the other”), published in 2018, is a western novel in its description of places as well as in the sociological issues it covers, but it remains nevertheless a very insular novel, although not necessarily limited to Mauritius. This study aims indeed at uncovering a different type of insular poetics in Devi’s writing, one that is constructed around a contextualised intertext made out of À l’autre bout du monde (1979), a Mauritian novel about exile which is being pursued, and of Paul et Virginie (1788), the founding novel of Mauritian literature. The theme of the obese character’s isolation and her relation to the outside world is not just a playful echo, it translates the fundamental isolation of the islander.

„Mówiący po hebrajsku”. Autobiografizm George’a Steinera

Author(s): Adam Krzyżowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

The text is the author’s attempt to present (crypto)autobiographical fragments in George Steiner’s work. The main axis of the article is the assumption that the intellectual’s origin and experiences strongly, though covertly, influenced his scientific activity. Consequently, the text traces the threads from Steiner’s life that resonate in his literary critic and philosophical decisions.

„Nie wierz tak niedorzecznej baśni” . O tożsamości postaci Królewny Śnieżki Roberta Walsera i Heinza Holligera

Author(s): Beata Kornatowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 42/2022

This article is devoted to the characters in Heinz Holliger’s opera Snow White (1998) based on Robert Walser’s dramolette (1901) of the same title. Taking into account the chronology of the plot, the analysis and interpretation focuses on the evolution of the relationships of the characters struggling with the baggage of a difficult past written in the Grimms’ fairy tale. Snow White, the Queen, the Prince and the Huntsman juggle with each other’s versions of events, swapping positions at the expense of the characters’ individual contours, succumbing to the changeability of their feelings and opinions, not stopping in their search for a post-tale identity which would allow them to coexist harmoniously. The discussion emphasises the psychoanalytical approach and criticism of language characteristic of the period in which the dramolette was written. The interpretation of the libretto is complemented by the presentation of selected musical aspects, corresponding with the character of Walser’s text and determining the final meaning of the operatic work.

„Santa Maria” Forever. Eesti ja Portugali kirjandussuhetest

Author(s): Toomas Haug / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 01/2012

In January 1961 all papers wrote about the seizure of the Portuguese liner „Santa Maria” in protest against the dictatorship ruling Portugal at the time. In occupied Estonia „Santa Maria” became a symbol of freedom and rebellion whose use in arts and literature is best exemplified by a painting by Aleksander Suuman and a romantic freedom-singing poem by Paul-Eerik Rummo. Even a cafe ship in Tartu on the river Emajõgi was popularly christened „Santa Maria”. Those were marks of the social optimism raised in Estonia by the political „thaw” of the early 1960s, soon, however, running into the sands of reaction.

ამირ არ-რეიჰანის “ჯუჰანი” და მისი თარგმანების პრობლემატიკა

Author(s): Nino Surmava / Language(s): Georgian Issue: 20/2/2019

In this article we discuss Rihani’s small novel “Juhan”, where the writer develops the theme of linking of two different religions and cultures, East and West through love. Before considering the translation problems, we analyze the novel itself, written in English by the author in 1917. English “Juhan” was not published when it was written, but in the same year it was translated and published in Arabic language as well by ‘Abd al-Masih Haddad with the title “Outside the Harem”. Arabic translation was published many times in the following years and English original manuscript (typed on the typing machine, with the author’s handwritten corrections in some places) was kept in the writer’s home museum and only in 2011 the printed version of the novel was published. English publication of 2011 is regarded as the most complete text.

ინტერტექსტუალობა გურამ რჩეულიშვილის შემოქმედებაში

Author(s): Maia Ninidze,Maia Jangidze / Language(s): Georgian Issue: 20/2/2019

Guram Rcheulishvili began his literary activity in the second half of 1950-ies, so called “The Khrushchev Thaw”. Restrictions on foreign literary translations were slightly liberalized and Georgian citizens got a chance to read their contemporary European and American authors. In his works Rcheulishvili expresses personal impressions about different authors and their literary pieces and speaking about literature he feels no boundaries between “the native” and “the foreign”. Rcheulishvili considers that Oedipus, Don Quixote, Mr. Pickwick, Prince Myshkin, Childe Harold, Faust, Mephistopheles etc. make a large gallery of literary heroes, created in different national and cultural environments but each of them are very close to Georgian character, intellect and emotions. Contemplating the texts Rcheulishvili often discovers similarity between foreign literary characters and his acquaintances as well as between the plots of the literary works and the reality around him. E. g. Alexei Vronsky from Tolstoy’s “Anna Karenina” reminds him of his contemporary “classy fellows” and the protagonist of “The Old Man and the Sea” – of his grandmother – Sasha, who was as viable and purposeful as the character of the American short-story. Some of Rcheulishvili’s stories are based on the association of his own biographical facts with a plot or heroes of an already existing literary work. This is the case with the story written after the author’s and his friends’ quarrel with some Abkhazian boys. One of the friends’ name – “Moor” reminded him of Moor Aben Hamet from Chateaubriand’s story “The Adventures of the last Abencerrage”. As a result the biographical fact, which was turned into a plot of a story, underwent radical changes and the title was also taken from the French author. Rcheulishvili declares that he began writing miniatures under the influence of Japanese poetry. He considers that using some forms specific for foreign literature, if they suit your style, is quite normal but the inner side of the work should be originally developed. One of the author’s untitled prosaic texts is associated with Francois Mauriac’s story “The Monkey”. Rcheulishvili’s work is about a woman who considers her husband and their little boy inferior to her. The feeling makes her aggressive and her husband – unhappy. The plot is not as dramatic as Mauriac’s one but the association between the texts is underlined by the passage in which the woman is reading the story by the French author.

მითისქმნადობის სპეციფიკა ვაჟა-ფშაველას პოემებში

Author(s): Manana Kvachantiradze / Language(s): Georgian Issue: 20/2/2019

Myth represents artistic and poetic origin of Vazha Pshavela’s epic poems – its preform, its main structural and perceptional principle. The object of our article is not an analysis of mythological forms in Vazha Pshavelas’s literature that are older than literature itself, but on the contrary – we are observing literature motifs, fabula or action that construct foundation of myth, that define, introduce and strengthens mythic structure. The correlation between mythic and poetic origins is evident in Vazha Pshavela’s literature. What are poetic devices used by author for attributing mythic features to his message, what is the content of these messages that are disclosed in “Aluda Qetelauri” and ,,Host and Guest”. In “Aluda Qetelauri” as well as in “Host and Guest” the message function is attributed to the meeting as to exeptional occurrence. In “Host and Geuest” this iterational (repetitive) sign is represented as a realized micromodel (the rite of meeting of the three) in the final scene of the poem. Meeting is nothing else then a cronotopos of “intrusion” of metaphysical into the real world. The morphology of mankind existence is defined by meeting of dissimilar as well as by transformation dynamics caused by these meetings. It’s exactly the topos of meeting that gives birth to constant intention of human soul– free will against the established social norms also visible in Aluda’s character. As an additional structure for myth creation Vazha Pshavela uses picture of nature e.g. in the final of “Host and Guest” we can see unexpectedly appeared invincible darkness. Snow and snowstorm, valance and ice that block Aludas’s road are not only the stylistic tools representing internal picture of protagonist, but also mental structure that strengthens mythic element in the poem. Vazha Pshavela’s stylistic tool of converting literature story into popular story could be considered as a product of mythic imagination. Author takes his ,,story’’ from individual consciousness and places it in the space of collective consciousness. The comment to final scene in “Host and Guest” “They tell about heroes…” is the reference to mythic words. It is the myth derived from collective memory reminded by literature and once again involved in eternal cycle where mythic and poetic are still represented as undivided creative origin. It is directly related not only to the story told in the poem but to all the stories that had ever taken place and will happen in future in order to defend personal free will in the name of courage and relenting.

ნიკოლოზ ბარათაშვილი და ევროპული პროზა

Author(s): I.G. Neupakoeva / Language(s): Georgian Issue: 20/2/2019

ფრანგული თეატრით შთაგონებული ქართული პიესები (ადაპტაცია 1880-1920 წლების ქართულ დრამატურგიაში)

Author(s): Rusudan Turnava,Nino Gagoshashvili / Language(s): Georgian Issue: 20/2/2019

In the 19th c. translation of plays by European playwrights and their inclusion in the repertoire of the Georgian theatre was regarded as one of the significant directions, as this was a useful process of mutual acquaintance and exchange of values. “Translated literature is a treasure for intellectual progress and success of every people”, – well-known Georgian publicist and literary critic Petre Umikashvili noted, – “We partake of the success of the intellect of the world, its intellectual life, we adopt its education, partake of and sympathize with its joy and pain”. The viewpoint of Ilia Chavchavadze, Akaki Tsereteli, Valerian Gunia and others Georgian writers of that period concerning translations and adapted works are in full harmony with the modern criteria, such as: the translator’s creative talent, a good command of both languages and maximum approximation of the translation with the original. According to Valerian Gunia, adaptation of other authors’ works is an even more difficult process and, in addition to the above-mentioned the qualities, the author of an adaptation “must have the knowledge of life and human beings, sense of moderation, critical mind and aesthetical taste, he must study the laws of the stage and art of drama. Adaptation of a play is the same as writing of a play; often it is easier to compose a new play than to adapt a play in a proper and artistic manner.”

ქალური ენისა და თვითგამოხატვის პრომლემები ინგებორგ ბახმანისა და ლია სტურუას პოეტურ ტექსტებში

Author(s): Salome Pataridze / Language(s): Georgian Issue: 20/2/2019

Feminist theories mainly take the initial from the idea that there exists an established identity expressing the category of “woman”. The identity shall create the subject that may be politically and historically represented. The concept “representation” has two functions in this case: on the one hand it gives more public visibility and legitimacy to the woman as a subject, and on the other hand, the representation is considered to be a normative function of the language either revealing or distorting the category of woman. Feminist theories/literary studies often see the creation of such language as the main need for the full and adequate representation achieving the public visibility of women (establishment as the subject). This article analyzes some lyrical works of Austrian Ingeborg Bachmann and Georgian Lia Sturua from the perspective of post-structuralism, namely, Jacques Derrida’s concept of written language and its binary nature, Lacan’s denial of the Woman’s existence and the subject’s shift to the symbolic order, also Julia Kristeva’s, Luce Irigaray’s, Hélène Cixous’ ideas on problems of feminine language and self-representation in the patriarchal/symbolic order. The analysis of poems of Ingeborg Bachmann and Lia Sturua shall highlight specific features of feminine language and challenges to the self-representation of woman.

الفضائل الأخلاقية في الشعر العربي الجاهلي

Author(s): Tamim FAKHOURY / Language(s): Arabic Issue: 19/2020

The old Arabic Poetry depicted the life and the various conditions of the people of the age. It conveyed their sensibilities, morals and customs. In this research, I will observe and classify the virtues and the high moral values in that poetry. This is a research that does not go beyond the divans of Al-Muallaqat poets for reasons of not going beyond the limited range of the study. It turns out that about fourteen moral behaviors or ethics were regarded as ideals in that society: Generosity, courage, prompt response to the distressed, protecting the one who seeks out safety, keeping good relations with relatives, taking care of the neighbors, faithfulness, chastity, pride, discretion, truthfulness, mercy and justice, patience and prudence. These are ethics which may have other subdivisions if a researcher seeks to investigate the subject more. I have adopted the method of defining every moral behavior and every ethic and have provided an adequate account of its meaning and of its intended design, using the dictionaries of the language and other sufficient idiomatic dictionaries related to philosophy, literature and Arabic criticism. Two or three lines of relevant poetry have been included in each paragraph to complete the making of a general perception of every ethic and of its application in the Arabs's lives through poetry.