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Ruch regularnie postępowy. Rewolucja moralna i powstanie styczniowe w świetle „Postępu” Józefa Osieckiego

Author(s): Radosław Okulicz-Kozaryn / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Postęp was one of the fi rst Polish illustrated magazines at the world-class level. It was editedby Józef Osiecki in Vienna between 1859 and 1864 and it propagated civilisation development,economic and technical thought as well as the rule of freedom as the basis for the developmentand personal and national liberty. Artur Grottger and Józef Ignacy Kraszewski were invited toco-operate with the magazine. Combining civilisational issues with irredentism in Postęp confi rmsthat Janusz Maciejewski’s theses were right when he questioned the signifi cance of the failureof January Uprising for the ideological breakthrough in Poland. The breakthrough came earlierand the Uprising can be seen as its result.

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Trans-„formacja”. „Przegląd Tygodniowy” 1866: numer pierwszy

Author(s): Anna Janicka / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The author analyses the fi rst issue of the magazine of young Warsaw liberal intelligentsiaPrzegląd Tygodniowy Życia Społecznego, Literatury i Sztuk Pięknych. The magazine edited by AdamWiślicki, in its fi rst eleven years became a platform for expressing progressive, positivistic socialthought, literature and philosophy. As it can be seen, the magazine was perfectly planned,seeking to win younger and older readers. In times of severe censorship after the fall of theJanuary Uprising, the magazine mission was to propose a new programme for national culture,much different from the romantic one. The fi rst issue shows how deeply the magazine is rootedin the language, ideas, aesthetic choices of the previous epoch, from which the editors did notdissociate themselves. This ‘temporariness’ earned Przegląd Tygodniowy readers’ recognition andgave it time necessary to become established.

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„Zwiastun Ewangeliczny” wobec wyzwań lat 60. XIX wieku

Author(s): Tadeusz Stegner / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

During the second half of 19th century in the Kingdom of Poland and in Cieszyn Silesia wecan observe the establishment of Polish Evangelical opinion-forming circles. Their ideas werepromoted in Zwiastun Ewangeliczny, published since 1863 in Warsaw, and then in Cieszyn. Itseditor in chief, and at the same time the author of most articles, was Warsaw’s and Cieszyn’sclergyman Leopold Otto, who had many connections among Polish intelligentsia. It was a veryinteresting voice in the midst of ongoing discussion about the condition of Polish society duringthe age of signifi cant civilizational, social and political transformations.

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Kiedy sny przestały być znakami z nieba? Hermeneutyka oniryczna w „południe wieku”

Author(s): Ewa Hoffmann-Piotrowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article touches upon an intriguing problem of the transition between a romanticculture that values specifi c spiritual ways of knowing and a romantic way of thinking aboutreality. The article about Goszczyński’s dreams quoted here in the context of Wiktor Szokalski’sconsiderations, became a pretext to ask why and when the manifestations of the human spiritactivity were reduced to psychophysiological phenomena and stripped of the metaphysicalmeanings granted to them by the Romantics. When this was done, a particular break separatedthe romantic whole of spirit and matter. The work of a physiologist with romantic biographicalroots – Wiktor Szokalski – was chosen not as a subject of refl ection in the article. In his writings,the fundamental existential concerns of the ‘midday of the century’ are manifest. These refl ectionsare so signifi cant that, perhaps somewhere here, in the sixties of the nineteenth century, one canlocate the beginning of a new anthropology, conditioning our modernity.

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Zapominanie. Późna działalność Eleonory Ziemięckiej w świetle wspomnień pośmiertnych

Author(s): Damian Włodzimierz Makuch / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The author of the article, using the example of Eleonora Ziemięcka, a philosopher popularin the 1840s, tries to show the mechanisms of forgetting about speculative and religious Polishthinkers of the inter-uprising period. In the fi rst part of the article, he compares posthumousmemories that appeared in the press after Ziemięcka’s death in 1869, while in the secondpart he analyzes her works from the 1860s. In conclusion, he proves that even though she wasimmediately stereotyped as a conservative woman with anachronistic views, her late works showthat she consistently tried to create a modern social and philosophical programme complementaryto Positivism.

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Szkoła „pozytywna” Franciszka Salezego Krupińskiego

Author(s): Elżbieta Flis-Czerniak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

On the basis of successive publications of Franciszek Salezy Krupiński in the 1860s: Filozofi aw Polsce (1863), Przyszłość fi lozofi i (1864), Szkoła pozytywna (1868), Obrona zdrowego rozsądku(1868), Bronisław Ferdynand Trentowski (1870) we can recognize the process of crystallizing hisattitude towards new trends in the history of European thought.The author of this article draws special attention to the role Krupiński played in deepeningthe philosophical consciousness and shaping the world-outlook profi le of the generation ofWarsaw positivists. At the turn of the 1860s and 1870s, he infl uenced very much the choicesof intellectual authorities of the leading representatives of this milieu: Julian Ochorowicz andBolesław Prus. Krupiński was the propagator of the latest West European philosophy (A. Comte,J.S. Mill, A. Bain) for them, but also a mentor, ‘teacher of rationality’ in the ‘positive school’.

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Między prywatnym a publicznym. Modele powieści w polskiej krytyce literackiej lat 60. XIX wieku

Author(s): Tomasz Sobieraj / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article focuses on a few theoretical models of the Polish novel which were formulatedin the 1860s. Their authors were: Lucjan Tatomir, a historian and a geographer, and well knownwriters, Jan Zachariasiewicz and Józef Ignacy Kraszewski. All of them regarded the novel as themost important genre in contemporary literature. Tatomir, for instance, supported the novel ofpurpose which, in his opinion, ought to have a social or a political aim. Kraszewski, the mostinfl uential Polish novelist and theorist of the novel, consequently advocated realism in literature.In most of his novels, published in the sixties, he endeavoured to relate private life of heroes tosocial and political contexts of Polish history. Kraszewski claimed that his novels were basicallyfounded upon reality and represented both public and private human experience.

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Beata Elizy Orzeszkowej. Sielanka jako zagadnienie najwcześniejszej twórczości pisarki

Author(s): Małgorzata Okulicz-Kozaryn / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article focuses on Beata, a novel by Eliza Orzeszkowa from 1865, which belongs do thewriter’s works from before her literary debut in 1866 and is preserved only in the last chapters.The reality presented in the text bears a remarkable resemblance to the world of idyll. Since thetimes of O idylli pod względem moralnym (1823) by Kazimierz Brodziński, an idyll is seen as a moralcategory, which can be harmoniously linked to the idea of the civilisation progress. Orzeszkowain her historical and literary relexion will use the idea of an idyll in pejorative meaning, whichwill be refl ected in her involvement in anti-poetic campaign of young positivists.

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Eksperymenty fizjonomiczne u Orzeszkowej na podstawie Ostatniej miłości

Author(s): Ewa Skorupa / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article concerns Eliza Orzeszkowa’s fi rst experiments, which are examined on thebasis of the writer’s novel from the 1860s Ostatnia miłość. It was then that Orzeszkowa began heradventure with Lavaterism and initiated a long literary journey of mastering portrait studies. Inthe novel Ostatnia miłość attempts at physiognomic portrayal were accompanied by a discussionabout the ancient and Lavaterian beauty of man. The characters of the novel are divided intotwo groups: they are either externally beautiful, without having to offer character traits worthyof imitation, or combining internal and external beauty with the inner embodiment of a worthyimitation of the ideal. The writer’s intention was to take part in the discussion about Lavateristviews on beauty and ugliness. The theory of the pastor from Zurich was a metaphysical exampleof joining the soul and the body.

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O Wielkich początkach Jana Kantego Turskiego

Author(s): Edyta Gracz-Chmura / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The text concerns Wielkie początki, the novel by J.K. Turski, which presents a motif of anartist musician descending from impoverished gentility and living on the outskirts of Cracow.Due to his remarkable talent, at the outset of the novel the protagonist succeeds artisticallyand leaves to study abroad. He is lost, however, due to profl igate life, undue exultation andunhappy love towards the count’s daughter – sister of his school friend. Finally, Karol loseseverything – wealth and fame, and his mother dies in loneliness. A few years later, Karol alsodies. An important part of the novel is the historical background and social life in Cracow inthe second part of the 19th century.

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Pamiętnik Kazimiery Pauliny Rogowskiej jako świadectwo i wyznanie

Author(s): Anna Pekaniec / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The main aim of this text is to present one of the Warsaw autobiographers, KazimieraPaulina Rogowska. She was not a writer, she did not leave any other writing except her diary,which she wrote as a kind of long, divided into many parts, letter for her friend. Covering onlytwo years (up to 1863, the year of the January Uprising), those private notes are an interestingcontribution not only to the history of women’s literature of personal document, but also aninteresting sketch about the life of middle-class families in Warsaw, problems which youngerwomen in the second half of the 19th century struggled with if they were not born into wealthyfamilies.

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Kochanka i siostra, żona i wdowa. Para czerwona Józefa Ignacego Kraszewskiego – między poetyką a polityką

Author(s): Mateusz Skucha / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article is devoted to Para czerwona – one of several novels written by Józef IgnacyKraszewski concerning the theme of the January Uprising. Among all author’s works this oneis special as it presents an interesting view of Kraszewski’s contemporary times. On the onehand, it spotlights conscious refl ection about present events and people of that time (judgementof conspiracy movement, Aleksander Wielopolski, Alexander I and Nicholas I, but also Polishsociety). On the other hand, there is some hidden content on transformation of everyday customsand ideological changes. At the end of the novel Kraszewski creates the image of two heroines(a poet and a knight) over the dead male insurgent who constitute the future of Poland.

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Widziadło szczęścia w widziadle powieści – czyli o prozie polskiej z początku lat 60. XIX wieku. Casus Faleńskiego

Author(s): Joanna Zajkowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The paper is devoted to the analysis of an unknown novel of Felicjan Medard Faleński:Widziadło szczęścia written in 1862. Considered one of the greatest Polish poet of the second halfof the 19th century, Faleński was never regarded as a novelist, although there is some interestingprose in his literary output. The paper tries to examine the ideological and compositionalquestions associated with the text. The author focuses on investigating some interconnectionsbetween related works of Polish and European literature. Using typical intertextual fi gures(allusion, quotation and parody) Faleński builds ‘interrelationship’ between his novel andworks of Adam Mickiewicz, Jean Paul Richter and Russian short stories writers in the fi rst halfof the nineteenth century. The author’s analysis shows those references and tries to explain thenovelist’s strategy.

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„Chudy literat” południa XIX wieku w prozie Józefa Ignacego Kraszewskiego i Felicjana Medarda Faleńskiego

Author(s): Barbara Bobrowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The title of the presented paper refers to the archetypical fi gure of ‘the thin writer’ from the18th century satire by Adam Naruszewicz. The topic of this paper are the capitalist transformations ofthe publishing market at the 19th century midday, as well as the changes in the writers’s social statusand their material condition. These issues are thoroughly analyzed using the examples of Kraszewski’snovels such as Latarnia czarnoksięska (1843–1844), Powieść bez tytutłu (1853), Kopciuszek (1862), whichoffer satirical approach, as well as Faleński’s short story Na schyłku starego roku (1875), whose poeticsoscillates between melodrama and grotesque.

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Siódma dekada

Author(s): Eliza Kącka / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The 1860s stand out politically – among other things – because of the Civil War. This iswhere the major paradigm shift happened: Darwin’s work On the Origin of Species by Means ofNatural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life was published. Inthis decade the situation of religion in Europe changed in the connection with the Fall of theChurch State. This calendar shows the development of various fi elds and also builds a pictureof the Polish situation compared to other European countries.

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GIRLS’ IDENTITY AND FRIENDSHIP IN ELENA FERRANTE’S MY BRILLIANT FRIEND: WOMEN THROUGH TWO WOMEN’S EYES

Author(s): Beatrice Collina / Language(s): English,Polish Publication Year: 0

The book shows the the picture of feminity in European and world culture, which emerges from the texts concerning the beginnings of women’s movement as well as in the recent publications, describing existential experience of women in local and global dimension. The publication explores the problems of distant cultures and close nations of our continent, especially Central Europe. The provided perspectives show a visible symmetry of fates of women living in Western, Middle East, African and Asian cultures.

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TOŻSAMOŚĆ I PRZYJAŹŃ DZIEWCZĄT W GENIALNEJ PRZYJACIÓŁCE ELENY FERRANTE. KOBIETY W OCZACH DWÓCH KOBIET

Author(s): Beatrice Collina / Language(s): English,Polish Publication Year: 0

In Elena Ferrante’s My Brillant Friend, Elena Greco, the narrator, tells the story of her youth with herfriend Lila Cerullo, recalling her childhood and adolescence in a poor neighbourhood of Naples. Butdeprivations contain unexpected richness. An elected affinity develops between Elena and Lila. In themagic game of their dialogue they reinvent the experience of themselves. A sudden change takes place when Elena goes to high school, while Lila drops out and marries; however, she continues to influence Elena’s choices. The history of the two girls is a deep reflection on female friendship and identity.

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KOBIETY W POEZJI CRISTINY PERI ROSSI

Author(s): Magdalena Szkwarek / Language(s): English,Polish Publication Year: 0

The article presents the works of a Uruguayan female author, almost completely unknown in Poland, Cristina Peri Rossi. One of the main subjects of her poetry are women and the experience of lesbian love. The poet writes straight forwardly and directly about emotions towards women,and her passionate, sensual and brave poems, quoted in the paper, are also a voice speaking infavour of the position of women in literature. Peri Rossi, at a social and literary banquet, breaksthe rules, the established order, and speaks in her own voice, the voice of a woman, a lesbian, hence being able to make the invisible seen.

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W POSZUKIWANIU SIEBIE. AUTOBIOGRAFICZNA TWÓRCZOŚĆ MARII ARBATOWEJ

Author(s): Martyna Z. Kowalska / Language(s): English,Polish Publication Year: 0

The article aims to analyse autobiographic works by Maria Arbatova. In her dramas, memoirsand short stories from the 1990s, the author exposes the difficult life of Soviet women. Arbatova also addresses issues officially omitted in the USSR, such as violence against women, sex discrimination,abortion, lack of specialised psychological care. The importance of the discussed problems allows us to define the works of Arbatova as engaged literature. The vast amount of autobiographic issues and the author’s sense of a mission makes one see the autobiographic prose by Arbatova as autoethnography.

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OBRAZY KOBIET W POWIEŚCI OLGI TOKARCZUK PRAWIEK I INNE CZASY

Author(s): Anna Chudzińska-Parkosadze / Language(s): English,Polish Publication Year: 0

In the novel Prawiek i inne czasy Olga Tokarczuk in portraying women uses such stylistic means asparallelisms and antonyms. The structure of the portrayed world is dominated by mythologemesand archetypes (Magna Mater). Tokarczuk presents her female characters within a frame ofa collective feminist portrait contrasted with the men’s world. The principle of dichotomy wasapplied by the writer in her portraits of Kłoska and Genowefa, as well as of their daughters,Misia and Ruta. Kłoska is represented by manifestation of nature, whilst Genowefa and Misia –by femininity entagled in a trap of a patriarchal world.

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