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O residuach struktur mitycznych w Niecierpliwych Nałkowskiej

Author(s): Grażyna Borkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2015

This article tackles two problems: the transgression of the divide between human and animal in Zofia Nałkowska’s novel Niecierpliwi [The Impatient Ones], and the fact that her characters carry uncommon, noble, almost ceremonial names. According to anthropologists and semioticians, but also according to Freud, both questions are linked to the residual mythical structure that dwells in some representatives of contemporary prose. Nałkowska’s case supports this notion. Bruno Schulz already remarked on this characteristic in his ingenious review of the novel in 1939.

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Arachne i Atena. W stronę innej poetyki pisarstwa kobiecego

Author(s): Monika Świerkosz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2015

This article discusses Nancy K. Miller’s project of arachnology. Świerkosz presents Miller’s reinterpretation of Arachne as a creative woman (rather than a spider) and of Athena, who (contrary to many feminist readings of the myth) also embodies a certain kind of feminine creativity. Thus Świerkosz questions the somatic model of writing that many critics (including G. Borkowska, A. Araszkiewicz, K. Kłosińska, H. Cixous, I. Irigaray, J. Kristeva) view as the only authentic (and anti-phallogocentric) way for women to find expression in art. Building on scholarship on Maria Dąbrowska’s biography and work as a case study, Świerkosz shows that a narrow definition of womanhood impacts our reading, as does literary historians’ tendency to ignore the ambivalent relationship between gender and literature.

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Miłość i inne używki. (Niekochana Adolfa Rudnickiego)

Author(s): Adrianna Alksnin / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2015

Alksnin reads Adolf Rudnicki’s novel Niekochana [Unbeloved] through Avital Ronell’s concept of narcoanalysis, trying to sketch out a ‘rejected’ subject who, like an addict, becomes cut off from reality, gets lost in phantasy, and creates a world that is not subject to an economy of rationality and usefulness.

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Od duhy (nad końskim łbem) do ducha twórczości. O jednym motywie w prozie Józefa Mackiewicza

Author(s): Adam Fitas / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2015

This article offers a structural description and interpretation of one motif in Józef Mackiewicz’s publicistic and creative prose. Duha in Polish refers to an arched beam in horse carriages in Podlachia, a historical region in the eastern part of Poland. This object carries many meanings that point to key themes in Mackiewicz’s work. First, the etymology of duha signals the writer’s rootedness in a community and language with strong east-Slavic influences. Second, duha functions as a metonymy for the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, signalling the writer’s territorial identity and pointing to his central beliefs, such as the ‘national idea’ and the patriotism of the landscape. Third, it can also be seen as a figure of his ecological position, introducing important semantic fields such as the road and movement. Fourth, it contributes to creating an important metaphor in Mackiewicz’s work, namely that of a confrontation between the eastern borderlands of the Polish Republic and communism.

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Wstręt jako miejsce prawdy. Transgresywne doświadczenie abiektu w reportażu Bomżycha Jacka Hugo-Badera

Author(s): Mateusz Zimnoch / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

This article deals with the problem of truth in Jacek Hugo-Bader’s Reportage ‘Bomżycha’ [Bomzhykha is the female form of bomzh, a homeless person; bomzh is an acronym for bez opredelyonnogo mesta zhitelstva – ‘with no fixed place of abode’] in relation to the category of disgust. The notion of truth is key to the study of factographical texts (creative non-fiction), but it is rarely examined through categories outside the definition of correspondence. Meanwhile, the notion of disgust, understood as an anthropological category, easily inscribes itself into the character of factographical texts on themes that are placed under a social taboo. Hugo-Bader’s work belongs to this model, as it engages in the inner struggle between the drive to reject something disgusting and the drive to get to know and affirm it – a struggle that allows to touch the essence of the phenomenon described. This procedure aims to minimize the distance between the perceiving subject and the foreign surrounding, and to reduce the level of mediation in the reportage text.

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Francuskie teksty Adama Mickiewicza

Author(s): Maria Prussak / Language(s): French,Polish Issue: 1/2016

Mickiewicz wrote in French for many different reasons – to fulfil his journalistic obligations and to deliver commissioned texts, but also to participate in the literary scene, which he was part of during his stays in Russia and France. The French language gave him a chance to try his hand in genres that he did not use in Polish, and to tackle subjects that Polish audiences might not accept. But most importantly, writing in French allowed him to take on a different perspective, a certain distance from where he could grasp difficult problems without emotional engagement.

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Gombrowicz we współczesnej Argentynie. Lektura grupy „Literal”

Author(s): Ewa Kobyłecka-Piwońska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

This article presents the way in which Witold Gombrowicz’s works were interpreted by the Argentine writers who edited the periodical Literal in the 1970s. Drawing on the ideas that dominated comparative literature at the time, they soon began to discuss the Polish writer’s ‘Argentinization’ as well as the main traits of his work. Besides Literal, these reflections also appeared in the novel Cancha rayada by Germán García. This approach does not rely on the aesthetics of the ‘novel as testimony,’ which were popular at the time. Instead, it accentuates the text rather than the writer (departing from the key paradigm of the day) and builds on Lacanian psychoanalysis.

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Nil tremendum ou les stratégies de conjurer la peur ancestrale dans les Lumières françaises. Jan Potocki et ses antécédents

Author(s): Izabella Zatorska / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2016

Enlighted elites were imperatively struggling against fear, perceived as the source of tensions and social conflicts. This struggle incited a number of very different initiatives, such as the articles from “Encyclopédie” [“Encyclopaedia”] by Diderot / d’Alembert or from “Dictionnaire philosophique” [“Philosophical Dictionary”] by Voltaire, philosophical tales by the latter and, finally, the philosophical novel by Jan Potocki, in its two versions from 1804 and 1810, recently discovered by François Rosset and Dominique Triaire. The fear of supernatural and, especially, of death is being tamed thanks to well‑known literary proceedings (irony or the comic), which may be described using the theory of games by Roger Caillois or by Colas Duflo. Hereafter, we are putting forward the ambivalence appearing in the first case and particularly noticeable in Potocki’s writings.

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Ludzkie i Nie-ludzkie. Antropologia Czesława Miłosza: człowiek wobec zwierząt

Author(s): Małgorzata Roeske / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

Considerations about the human condition and humankind’s place in nature are a vital part of the works of Czesław Miłosz. Miłosz’s cosmological vision is based on a deeply dualistic structure. On the one hand, we have got the human and civilisation – which is a synonym of purposefulness and divine order; on the other hand, there is the wild, cruel and untameable nature, whose activity is full of chaos and is meaningless from the metaphysical point of view. There is a sort of inconsistency in this seemingly ordered structure of reality, which seems to constitute the principle of Miłosz’s anthropology. The human in his essence is a “paradoxical being”; it is difficult to classify him in an unambiguous way. He is considered as the only creature that is composed of God’s elements – immortal soul, consciousness, and intellect. These properties detach him from nature and bring him closer to God in the hierarchy. Still, he is a biological creature and that disgraceful fact is difficult to accept for Miłosz; therefore, an attempt to draw a clear line between man and nature is reflected so clearly in Miłosz’s works. The purpose of the article is to analyse a few works of Czesław Miłosz with regard to the issues mentioned above. Undeniably, the ideas presented by Miłosz are deeply rooted in Western philosophy.

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Zygmunt Gloger jako językoznawca

Author(s): Beata Kuryłowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 06/2005

The paper present the achievements of Zygmunt Gloger in the area of linguistics. It follows from numerous works of this Podlesie inhabitant from Jeżew that language was for him an important part of culture, a safeguard of national identity. This relationship to the Polish language made Gloger devote many studies and much effort to linguistic research. Zygmunt Gloger – an ethnographer, archaeologist, historian – fully deserved to be called a linguist: dialectologist, language historian, and onomast.

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Od wydarzenia katastrofy do kata/stroficznego czytania. Poezja Charles’a Baudelaire’a w relacji Jorge’a Semprúna L’écriture ou la vie

Author(s): Judith Kasper / Language(s): Polish Issue: 25/2015

This essay addresses the instable meaning of the term catastrophe over the course of history. The first part takes leave of the “the tiny fissures” in the continuous catastrophe noted by Walter Benjamin to develop a philology of the cata/strophe. This philology does not only register a given meaning (for instance, of the catastrophe), but intervenes actively as disruption. It insists on the strophe in the catastrophe, transforming catastrophe into cata/strophe that, in fatal situations, permits the poetic potential to become a dynamic force that can, at least on the linguistic level, open toward other dimensions without denying the catastrophe itself. The second part is dedicated to a reading of Jorge Semprún’s autobiographical novel L’écriture ou la vie from the perspective of this philological concept. It seeks to show how Semprún’s citing and reciting of Baudelaire’s strophes in the putrid atmosphere of the Buchenwald concentration camp literally produce, on the level of the signifiers, fresh air to breathe.

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Varia: Rzeczy jako źródło pamięci ostatecznego. Na przykładzie „Kampucza, godzina zero” Zbigniewa Domarańczyka

Author(s): Bernadetta Darska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

The article aims at describing the genocide that happened in Cambodia. It takes into consideration its specific character and focuses on what occurred there. During the Khmer Rouge’s dictatorship not only were hundreds of thousands of people murdered (about 2.5 million victims according to different sources), but also negative symbols became connected with objects of everyday use. Such objects have become a source of memories about events which were final, inevitable and traumatic.

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Językowe formy budowania równowagi w relacjach międzynarodowych. Lingwistyczna analiza listu biskupów polskich do biskupów niemieckich z 1965 roku

Author(s): Waldemar Czachur / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2016

In his article, Waldemar Czachur makes an attempt of analysing the Reconciliation Letter of the Polish Bishops to their German Brothers of 1965 in terms of strategies aimed at building balance in international relations. The section which outlines the historical background of the letter and its political significance for Poland and the Polish-German relations is followed by linguistic analysis of subsequent parts of the letter to look at various balancing strategies between appreciating oneself and the recipient and protecting oneself and the recipient in the spirit of Goffman’s ritual equilibrium.

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Sposoby realizacji funkcji perswazyjnej w ogłoszeniach z dziedzin: praca/ nauka zawodu zamieszczanych w dzienniku „Czas” w drugiej połowie XIX wieku

Author(s): Ewelina Gajewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2016

The article examines job and professional training advertisements published in Krakow in the daily newspaper “Czas” between 1850 and 1890. The analysed material includes both: job offers and announcements of job seekers. In the education section of the newspaper the advertisements are published by schools, enterprises, teachers’ institutions and individuals ready to accept pupils for apprenticeship programs. The analysis covers the persuasive vocabulary (the role of the name of the advertiser, most common adjectives and adverbs evaluating the service), genre of the advertisement (announcement, request, letter, and all sorts of hybrid forms) as well as the grammatical level of the analysed texts (persuasive aspect of compound sentences). The analysis of the material leads to the conclusion that the advertisements published in the “Czas” newspaper between 1850 and 1890 rarely realise the persuasive function only. Their persuasive role was realised through the selection of vocabulary and genre as well as by modifying and combining features of various genres.

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Masochizmy

Author(s): Stanisław Rosiek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 7/2016

The editorial opens with a firm statement that a single masochism does not exist, which can be proved by theories and works of such psychiatrists and philosophers as Freud, Reik, Lacan or Deleuze. It also presents how the masochism of Bruno Schulz has so far been discussed and interpreted by distinguished Schulzologists and underlines that a new reading of his works as well as testimonies made by the “hidden witnesses” of writer’s life is needed.

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E. M. Lilien

Author(s): Bruno Schulz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2015

Bruno Schulz’s essay on Ephraim Moses Lilien, a Jewish artist born in Drogobych, was published serially in 1937-1938 in "Przegląd Podkarpacia". Not only is it the only Schulz’stext on plastic arts, but also his only explicit statement on Jewish matters. In Schulz’sopinion, Lilien stimulated his interest in plastic arts and played an important role as a mythmaker of contemporary Zionism.

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Rewers jako awers

Author(s): Stanisław Rosiek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2015

The experts and admirers of Schulz’s plastic art have long known about his design ofa bookplate of Ella and Jakub Schulz, the children of Izydor, Schulz’s elder brother,made probably in 1930. A sheet of paper with a pencil sketch was glued to carton mostlikely by Schulz himself and then framed. In such a form, hiding the reverse, it was preserved for several decades. In 2015 it became an object of auction. During examination,the sheet was separated from its original background and it turned out that onthe reverse there are some unknown sketches by Schulz. One of them is a portrait ofthe writer’s mother, the other shows a homage of an elderly man to a young woman.Many known drawings by the writer have been made on sheets where both the reverseand the obverse have been used, which implies that, first, all the undersides of Schulz’sworks must be carefully examined since they may hide his works that are still unknown,and second, that Schulz’s pencil sketches must be treated as material wholes. Fragments of his works cannot be reproduced separately from their visual milieu. It is also undesirable to frame and publish his drawings in isolation, according to conventional genre categories, such as “portrait,” “self-portrait” or “nude.” Their publication should makea documentary foundation which will allow us to reveal the principles of a mysterious coexistence of disparate motifs, optical perspectives, and emotional tonalities.

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Drohobycki matriarchat

Author(s): Marcin Całbecki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2015

The paper is an attempt to analyze Schulz’s fiction in terms of Johann Jakob Bachofen’s idea of matriarchy. Particular emphasis has been put on “August,” the opening story of "Cinnamon Shops". In “August” which begins his “spiritual autobiography,” Schulz created a world whose center is constituted by three women, portrayed as if they had been archaic deities. By the same token, the beginning of Schulz’s private mythology seems parallel to the archaic core of the socio-religious order of Europe, i.e. matriarchy.

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Bruno i Benn, czyli pokrewieństwo po tamtej stronie śmierci

Author(s): Damir Šodan / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2015

When one compares the lots of two great European authors of the first half of the 20thcentury – the German poet Gottfried Benn (1886–1956) and the Polish-Jewish fiction writer Bruno Schulz (1892–1942) – at first sight their lives seem quite different and incomparable. Still, it is enough to reach under the surface of the so-called historical facts to realize that in some respects the two writers are indeed close to each other. Asregards politics and history, a common denominator of their biographies was Nazism as an emanation of pure evil from provincial East-Central Europe, and its belief that human nature may be improved which the historical process makes it possible to develop great geopolitical systems, even at the cost of suspending all ethical principles. A starting point for that daemonic parochial activism is mostly the “provincial spirit of utopia” or,to be precise, its irresistible “realistic nihilism,” to borrow a term coined by the Serbian philosopher Radomir Konstantinovic.

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Schulzowska partytura

Author(s): Joanna Sass / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2015

The literary output of Bruno Schulz became known abroad in the 1960s, when "Cinnamon Shops" and "Sanatorium under the Sign of the Hourglass" were published in translations. The German translation of both volumes was published by Carl Hanser Verlag in Munichin 1961, providing a basis for the foreign editions of Schulz’s fiction in Denmark and Finland. For 45 years, the German market was cornered by those early translations by Josef Hahn, published 24 times either in collections or separately. A new German version,by Doreen Daume, appeared as late as in 2008 and 2011. Such a long break implies that translating Schulz’s poetic prose must be quite difficult. The paper reconstructs the German reception of Schulz and presents criticism of some German translations.

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