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A PSYCHO-PASTORAL APPROACH OF THE MEANING OF 'A CHRISTMAS STORY' BY PAULO COELHO

Author(s): Dorina Maria Pasca / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 20/2020

Known to lovers of written and unwritten word, read or reread, understood or misunderstood, applauded or hollowed out, known or unknown, Paulo Coelho (n. 1947) remains and is a landmark of what is represented today in literature, the story, the storyteller being the author Brazilian. Making his own way to Santiego de Compostella, the joy and affective feeling, Paulo Coelho confesses to us every year, giving us a Christmas Story, which reminds us to be kind, altruistic, tolerant, accepted and close to those for who a simple gesture, smile, comfort or embrace breaks barriers, releasing the emotion of dedication and blessing.In this context and starting from the idea of approaching the author and from the perspective of his message with the burden of the psycho-pastoral mark, The Christmas Story undoubtedly refers to all that is good in us, giving us the chance and the opportunity to discover and rediscover the magic of winter holidayswhile being stardust and the Milky Way.

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THREE LITERARY REPRESENTATIONS IN THE AVANT-GARDE MANNER OF THE INTER-WAR CHIȘINĂU (GEO BOGZA, ALEXANDRU ROBOT, LAURENȚIU FULGA)

Author(s): Aliona Grati / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 20/2020

The article presents some ways of literary representation in the avant-garde manner of the city of Chisinau from the inter-war period, belonging to three foreign writers of the city: Geo Bogza, Alexandru Robot and Laurențiu Fulga. Through their reports, the city of Chisinau has entered the European avant-garde as a literary topos. The city is represented in strange, enigmatic contours, harboring the demonic spaces, it showed the seeds of the decadent future that was crushing the metropolis of the civilized world at that time. History has not given him the time needed to reach the stage of advanced development, over a few years will be ruined. However, these three writers can be credited with giving literary expression to an inter-war Chisinau devoured by the black presences of destruction.

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THE THANATIC METAMORPHOSIS IN MICHEL DE MONTAIGNE’S ESSAYS

Author(s): Adriana Cîteia / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 20/2020

The study aims to analyses the relation between a particular form of methamorphosis- the thanatic one and the need of distancing as attempt of producing something new; between a horizon of significations well defined, the antique Greek Latin, a horizon of comparison, severe self-analysis, and the need of authenticity. Montaigne approaches and then distances himself from the antique model with modesty and caution, building his own creative paradigm.

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LITERARY REPRESENTATIONS OF THE URBAN SPACE OF THE CHIȘINĂU CITY IN THE TEXTS OF THE ROMANIAN WRITERS FROM BASARABIA

Author(s): Ludmila Simanschi / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 20/2020

In this study, the Chisinau urban space modelled literally from the perspective of the fusion community, but also from the thinking singularity, which always redefines the places that mark its destiny route, the collective and multi-ethnic identity that reflects the historical drama of the city society in Bessarabia, is subject to analysis. The literary discourses "Pactizing with the devil" by Aureliu Busuioc, "Jewry" and "Villa" by Nicolae Esinencu revealed the Sovietized Chisinau as a space of changing sociality and political theater, historical-social forming of varied geocritical meanings. Each author manages to build his own unique vision of the characters, individual stories, according to their life and reveals different development periods of the Chisinau city and different types of behaviour in front of the chronological time through original ways of structuring the urban topos with changing historical identity: identity of provincial fair, capital of the province, capital of the Soviet republic.

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THE GAME OF EROS AND THANATOS IN MIRCEA ELIADE’S NOVEL THE SERPENT

Author(s): Teodora Boboc / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 20/2020

Following his deep interest in the study of religions and mythology, Romanian philosopher Mircea Eliade develops in his works an amazing fresco of myths propagated by various peoples, but he does not limit himself to a purely theoretical approach, and goes even further, to their practical insertion in his own literary creations. The novel ‘The Serpent’, the one that the author himself claims to be the only book written without a plan and a mere product of imagination, reveals the eternal, vivid and life-giving core of the myth, standing right in the middle of everyday life. Acting just like a mask, a palpable shroud of more profound spiritual meanings, life is – as Eliade shows us – a unique experience, repeatable in various configurations, until the destiny established by superior forces reaches its fulfilment. The way Eliade depicts this particular fact is, however, a rather positive one – cyclicity represents a sequence of chances to understand and apply the principles under which Fatum itself works. With each new “experience” we are, in fact, one step closer to perfection and to the restoration of our androgyne primordial state.

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MENTAL TRANSLATION IN THE SELF-TRANSLATION OF LITERARY TEXT. THE WORKS OF PANAIT ISTRATI

Author(s): Iulia Cristina Artene / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 20/2020

This article approaches the subject of mental translation in the case of French-Romanian writer Panait Istrati. Mental translation appears as a first stage in the process of self-translation and it derives from the unusual choice of the language in which the writing is done. Usually, mental translation is considered an important element for postcolonial writers, as their activity stands at the crossroad between national heritage and colonial linguistic imprint. In the case of the Romanian writer, this issue emerges from the underlying circumstances of authorʼs literary activity that was initiated in France and later followed by publishing the Romanian versions in his home country. Understanding the mechanisms of mental translation in literary creations holds major importance for the self-translation process. Not only it gives a more profound description of this type of texts but it also illustrates the great intercultural role played by self-translators on the universal scene of literature. Our demonstration will be grounded on the integral linguistics of Romanian linguist Eugen Coșeriu, as it provides a vast conceptual framework – starting with the concept of ʼlinguistic competenceʼ – that can give a broad view of how mental translation is done. Moreover, we will illustrate the existence of this type of translation in one of Panait Istratiʼs works, Oncle Anghel / Moș Anghel, with the help of the same scholarʼs theory upon text linguistics.

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A LITERARY FRIENDSHIP: LETTERS EXCHANGED BETWEEN THE “ONEIRIC GROUP” AND THE “LITERARY SCHOOL OF TÂRGOVIȘTE”

Author(s): Diana Maria Lupuleac / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 20/2020

The “oneiric group” and the “Literary school of Târgoviște” are two literary groups that emerge into the publishing world in communist Romania during the semi-liberalized period that stretches between 1964 and 1971, when literature is no longer only seen as a means to indoctrinate. This paper aims to examine the dialogue between the members of these groups before and after the fall of the communist regime by taking a close look at the letters exchanged between Emil Brumaru and Radu Petrescu, as well as between Dumitru Țepeneag and Costache Olăreanu.

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VICTOR PAPILIAN’S DRAMA – FROM RHETORIC TO INNOVATION

Author(s): Ingrid Cezarina-Elena Bărbieru (Ciochină) / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 20/2020

Victor Papilian’s drama, obviously inferior to his short stories and novels, due to the rhetoric language, lack of conflict’s consistency, various irrelevant moments and episodes inserted throughout the text and scientific style of writing, has its valuable impact on the Romanian inter-war literary space, especially for the innovations it presents. The new approaches are to be found in terms of literary techniques, new interpretations for the already used literary themes, the creation of deep psychological tensions, as well as new approaches of themes with tradition in the Romanian literary space. Papilian's theater thus fits in the specific direction of the inter-war literary moment, whose complexity of forms and formulas will lay the foundations of modernism.

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COMMUNISM EXPERIENCES, BETWEEN NOSTALGIA AND RESENTMENT

Author(s): Simona Sigartău / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 20/2020

December 1989 brings a new organization for romanian society. At the social level, the change of actors is remarcable. The working class rceives less importance in organizing the society. If during communism, now the worker is forced to ask, claim, he becomes an actor who has been denied his role. This change will bring frustration and a long string of dissatisfaction. Romanian literature captures human types expressing feelings of nostalgia or revolt against living during communism. This report between old and new becomes an important theme in Romanian literature after 2000.

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THE ISSUE OF JOSEPH CONRAD’S (ANTI)RACISM: BEFORE AND AFTER ACHEBE

Author(s): Dimitrie Andrei Borcan / Language(s): English Issue: 20/2020

After the publication of Chinua Achebe’s article vehemently accusing Joseph Conrad if racism and requesting his exclusion from the humanist canon on these grounds, the latter’s literary career has come to be divided into two periods: before and after Achebe. The present study presents Achebe’s arguments and other authors’ (counter)arguments in this still open debate.

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GEORGE CIPRIAN. MINOR DRAMA

Author(s): Crenguţa Gânscă / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 21/2020

A very important actor in his time, almost forgotten nowadays, George Ciprian is mentioned instead by the literary histories as a dramatist, one of the most important in the interwar period. However, only two of his plays – not very numerous by the way – are considered significant, one of them, Omul cu mârţoaga, being extremely successful all over the Europe in that time. Beside this play and Capul de răţoi, there are at least other two plays, less known, but which strenghten a certain literary and human profil of this very interesting and original writer, and a real dramaturgical calling as well, unfortunately uncultivated seriously enough. The study below is part of a monographic book which is in progress.

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RENAISSANCE DISSECTION, LITERATURE AND ART

Author(s): Mirela Radu / Language(s): English Issue: 21/2020

Renaissance is, historically speaking, the period of passage from the Middle Ages-in which human knowledge did not have the power to traverse the mists of time- towards the Enlightenment that opens the dawn of the modern age. The country which first felt the need for change was Italy. From here, gradually, the wind of change encompasses entire Europe but it was to be an uneven propagation, which had its own characteristics depending on the specific of each state and each culture. From an economic point of view, the financing power begins to be, between the fourteenth and sixteenth centuries, taken over by a new emerging class, that of the bourgeoisie. And politically speaking, it is the period in which nation states begin to take shape, understanding that only a centralized and homogeneous form of organization can save nations from dissolution. But what is to be treated in this article is related to art, medicine-more precisely anatomy and the development of these two areas of knowledge in the Renaissance context. The ontogenesis has been a passion of man from ancient times. The first information about the structure of the human body dates back to antiquity. Grafting the new wave of culture on Greco-Roman models must mean taking over a “mythological themes in art.”

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“GIRL, WOMAN, OTHER” BY BERNARDINE EVARISTO VERSUS ”THE WAVES” BY VIRGINIA WOOLF

Author(s): Anca Bădulescu / Language(s): English Issue: 21/2020

Comparing “Girl, Woman, Other” by Bernardine Evaristo to Virginia Woolf’s most experimental novel proved to be a challenging endeavor. The highlights of this brief study are the characters telling their stories – objectively by means of a narrative voice or by using the free indirect style – but also the linguistic component, and the readers’ potential response. The conclusion is that, even though some common traits were discovered, a close association of the two novels would be far-fetched. In a span of eighty-eight years, from 1931 to 2019, marking the publications of the two novels, literature has moved on, society has greatly changed, authors have become louder mouthpieces of their communities.

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MYTHS, FAIRY TALES, LEGENDS, AND THE FORMATION OF THE ROMANIAN NATIONAL IDENTITY DURING THE 19th CENTURY

Author(s): Veronica Florina Vîjoi (Vasilescu) / Language(s): English Issue: 21/2020

Romanian fairy tales, stories and myths came to the attention of writers, especially since the second half of the nineteenth century, in the era of the great classics, Junimea and the beginnings of the Romanian Academy. Highly active in collecting fairy tales and then in transcribing them in the form of cult fairy tales were: Ioan Gh. Sbiera, Vasile Alecsandri, Alexandru Odobescu, Mihai Eminescu, Ioan Slavici, Ion Luca Caragiale, Nicolae Filimon, Ion Creangă and Petre Ispirescu. Folk tales and stories were collected from all regions of the country, transposed in a form easily accessible to the general public, but still continuing to retain a local air, popularized en masse by the written press and by the introduction to the curriculum. In this way they managed, in less than a generation, to spread en masse the consciousness of unity, language and customs of Romanians from all regions of the country. The fundamental myths, beyond the message of the literary text, usually transmit a hidden, cryptic message, this being in full agreement with the western tradition! If we look closely we notice that three of the four myths chosen to become fundamental myths of the Romanian nation represents, in a kind of allegorical triptych, the main steps in the evolution of the Romanian nation from the beginning to the formation of the Romanian state, as they were understood by the Romanian intellectuals of the 19th century.

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THE ROUTE TO INDEPENDENCE IN HÄNSEL AND GRETEL, BY THE BROTHERS GRIMM

Author(s): Oana Bejan (Pintilie) / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 21/2020

The well-known story of Hänsel and Gretel, has its roots in dark times and presents themes such as child abandonment, attempted cannibalism, subjugation and murder. On a closer reading, the story of Hänsel and Gretel, children's literature in appearance, depicts a ritual of initiation, a transforming journey of the two brothers from abandoned children to survivors, from victims to murderers, a real maturation process in which the protagonists face dangers to life and death, returning victorious to the point of departure.

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HIGHLIGHTS OF A STUDY JOURNEYIN THE COMMUNIST TERROR DUNGEONS IN ROMANIA

Author(s): Marius-George Coșarcă,Valentina Matei / Language(s): English Issue: 21/2020

This research is the result of a study journey, entitled "On the Footsteps of Confessor Who Experienced the Communist Dungeons", under the coordination of Fr. Conf. Gheorghe-Viorel Holbea, from the Faculty of Orthodox Theology "Justinian the Patriarch" in Bucharest and the organizers of the Institute for the Investigation of Communist Crimes and Memory of the Romanian Exile. This initiatic journey had an overwhelming effect on us, as master’s students, because it was similar to what Romulus Rusan and Ana Blandiana experienced in "America of the Gray Greyhound". The route itinerary comprised the re-education camps in Jilava, Aiud, Gherla, Sighet and the Făgăraș Fortress. This journey was an enquiry of our own awareness, an instrument of morality and an example of human sacrifice in the spirit of freedom and faith. Such a journey can profoundly change our perspective about life and the way we perceive history.

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THE EMPERROR CONSTANTINE, AS ANALYSED BY TODAY’S LITERATURE

Author(s): Isabela-Elena Spirea / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 21/2020

This work is part of an extensive study that will be based on ancient biography and medieval hagiography, referring to the life of Constantine the Great under the symbol and power of the cross. To carry out this study, the following will be aimed at: rediscovering the tradition and truth about Constantine, reinterpreting the literature of the present, witnessing the journey of the Illyrian emperor from the petrarchy to the end of his earthly reign, observing the point of view expressed by the ostentatious teachers in the field of universal church history as an intercultural dialogue, discovering more about important supporters of the emperor: Eusebius of Caesarea, Eftimie of Tarnovo and Neagoe Basarab, especially because the latter is considered to be a keeper of our national identity. Even if the following work capitalizes on religious sources, it does so with a well determined purpose: to create a portrait as close as possible to the true one of the emperor who has shaped faithfully, but also with the skill of a valuable ruler, the destiny of an empire and of all Christianity. In order to answer the question "Is Emperor Constantine judged by today`s Literature?" it should be made clear that, in this, there will be a real contradiction of ideas and a visible competition between Dan Brown's novel The Da Vinci's Code and that of James L. Garlow and Peter Jones, entitled Da Vinci's Broken Code. The characters of the two works will find themselves in a constant search for arguments, the periodization of religious history also providing the necessary clarifications about the contribution of Emperor Constantine to the organization and evolution of the Christian Church under the scepter of a new symbol: The Holy Cross. Therefore, the Da Vinci Code, also called the Code of Brown, perceived by some readers as a bestseller, will bring the magic of information, but also doubt, highlighting the guilt of Emperor Constantine. DaVinci's Broken Code will be placed in opposition to the Brownian novel, bringing counter-arguments to rehabilitate the Christian iliir. In support of this work will also stand the work "Great Religions" published under the guidance of Philippe Gaudin, which brings to the attention of readers information on the existence of common areas on the coordinates of prophecies and prophecies, symbols and more or less similar holidays. Through the aspects presented it will be observed that the Constantine deeds are having a continuous battle with the Literature Of The Present, that the sensational has gained more and more ground in front of the people, proving a significant influence on personalities and mentalities, by overturning and transforming the historical and religious truth.

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LITERATURE IN THE TIME OF CHARLES II AND THE CULT OF THE ROYAL PERSONALITY

Author(s): Daniel Dieaconu,Mirela Topoliceanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 21/2020

The author focuses in this article on the literature during the regime of Carol II, a period of remarkable cultural effervescence, in which the literature also had a great development, great personalities knew the peaks of the creation. But not from the point of view of the literary historian, but from the point of view of the use of literature in support of the cult of the king's personality, this small study was carried out. Works of high-value were completed, culminating with the "Romanian Encyclopedia". Numerous works have been published, which, in popular editions, have also reached the world of villages. The king appeared as a leader promoting a balanced cultural policy. He participated actively and supported large cultural events and we highlight the "Book Month". The cult of the royal personality reaches its peak in 1938-1940, the period of the royal dictatorship, the writers also contributing to its exacerbation, reaching quotas never before encountered in the Romanian space. The press and literature, along with other instruments subjected to the power, contributed to the creation of a hyperbolized image of a king through which the nation reborn, a savior of the homeland, but who, in front of the great problems of 1940, proved to be not up to his mission.

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THE MORAL VALUES IN HISTORICAL LEGENDS

Author(s): Florentina Cristina Stănciulescu (Guran) / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 21/2020

The hero in the legend is a revelation of the unknown that manages to bring to the surface the essence of human consciousness even though it has been observed that historical facts receive in oral narratives a wide range of fabulous elements that, the farther away in time, the more they ensure durability. The strong personalities of our heroes can generate cultural models that can influence us through their positive or negative effects. The historical legend folds around a past event or around a real character Horia, Mihai Viteazul etc.

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FEMALE CHARACTERS OF WORLD WAR I MEMORY NOTES

Author(s): Amalia Drăgulănescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 21/2020

Despite the fact that women were not only passive witnesses of the First World War, they represented powerful characters, in both ways, meaning strong moral personalities, manifesting perseverence and determination, and, in the literary plan, some of them become protagonists disguised in their own writings. In comparison, asuming permanent risks, because of the enemy offensive, but also the long waiting of those gone to war, the ordinary women, from the country, or from the lower middle class, were not inferior. On the other hand, famous women like Queen Mary (of Romania), Elena Văcărescu, Martha Bibescu are considered promoters of the Romanian cause in the country and abroad. The sense of duty and responsability of the women manifested also in their efforts in the care of the wounded on the front lines, as nurses during the war, most of them being novices, without the necessary experience, or protecting the orphans or organizing food bank and so on. Last, but not least, the meditation about the experience of the war is integrated specific compositions, including memoirs, especially about the period of German occupation, related, for example, by Pia Alimăneșteanu, Ecaterina Raicoviceanu-Fulmen or Arabella Yarka, figures less famous, but engraved somehow in the collective memory of the great war. In this respect, following the events of 1989, although they received a wider yet restricted reception, the female representations within the panoply of famous figures, and not only, are still topics worthy of further study.

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