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L’hybridité de la lettre galante, ou la transgression innovante

Author(s): Astrid Van Assche / Language(s): French Issue: 6/2016

This essay concentrates on early modern expressions of literary hybridity in the 17th-century gallant letters of Vincent Voiture (1597-1648), Charles Cotin (1604-1681) and Antoine Godeau (1605 -1672), circulating in the Parisian salon L’Hôtel de Rambouillet. Firstly, we look at the hybridity of the letter form an sich, within the context of salon sociability and early gallantry. Secondly, we study the multiplicity of both the authorial voice and the audience of the gallant letter. Thirdly, we highlight the intriguing exchange between genres within the gallant letter, as well as their confrontation and, finally, cross-fertilisation. This tripartite case study substantiates our conviction that literary hybridity functions as an intriguing indicator and catalyst of literary evolution and creation.

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Les Amours de Psyché et de Cupidon de Jean La Fontaine comme exemple de prosimètre

Author(s): Alicja Rychlewska-Delimat / Language(s): French Issue: 6/2016

The loves of Psyche and Cupid by La Fontaine is a romance of mixed genres, combining the features of a tale, a narrative poem and a philosophical dialogue. The author of this study classifies it as a prosimetrum, to focus her analysis, on the one hand – upon the interrelation between prose and verse, functions and means of introducing rhyming parts, etc., on the other hand – examining metatextual texts of the narrator who provokes interesting aesthetic reflection.

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Mallarmé et la poétique de l’hybridité

Author(s): Olivier Sécardin / Language(s): French Issue: 6/2016

The hybridity that is seen everywhere in symbolist poetry is not so much evidence of a temporary trend of the era following the interest in the crossing of species in nature as much as it is an attempt to confront the very nature of “art” itself. The time of the “quarrel of monsters” has passed, and the hybrids of contemporary poetry – competing for a place in the mythological scene that is symbolism – roam guiltless. And yet, beyond literary conventions, this mythological bestiary is anything but innocent and outdated; in fact, it embodies a genuine mythopoetic repertoire. For Mallarmé in particular, this hybrid bestiary reflects the illusive “Chimera” of poetry.

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Le parlé-chanté dans Phèdre de Jean Racine et Partage de midi de Paul Claudel

Author(s): Marine Deregnoncourt / Language(s): French Issue: 6/2016

In this article we will seek to answer how, in Phèdre to Jean Racine and Noon’s Sharing to Paul Claudel, the « parlé-chanté » is particularly significant. To do so, this article will be divided in three parts. In the first part, the « parlé-chanté » will be defined and linked to Arnold Schoenberg’s Sprechgesang. While the second part will issue on Phèdre by Jean Racine, the third and final part will focalize on Paul Claudel's Noon’s Sharing. By focusing on the two aforesaid plays we will try to prove that the operatic voice is always present in the acting choices and that the two playwrights accustomed the dramatic rules of their time.

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L’hybridité dans La Steppe rouge de J. Kessel : limite ou complémentarité ?

Author(s): Rached Chaabene / Language(s): French Issue: 6/2016

The Red Steppe of Joseph Kessel is a valuable work, insofar as it is mainly characterized by its generic hybridity. The six novellas oscillate between the biographical and autobiographical, between history and fiction, between the individual and the collective, between the current and the universal. A sort of juxtaposition and/or co-existence can be traced between the novella of Kessel and other literary genres such as the travelogue, the initiation story, the adventure story, the historical narrative and the fictional narrative. This interdiscursive report makes the historical text an open text, "a hybrid text."

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Cris des cœurs de Jean-Victor Pellerin, exemple d’une pièce hybride

Author(s): Tomasz Kaczmarek / Language(s): French Issue: 6/2016

Cris des cœurs by Jean-Victor Pellerin consists of the three parts, each of them corresponds to a different genre: melodrama, tragedy and misterium. Rejecting the reality, the writer resignes also from the scene’s materiality what leads him as a consequence to the deconstruction of the space-time’s categories. Traditional drama’s division on act and scenes is replaced by the loose images (tableaux) where the dreamy visions mingle with reality. Puting the pressure on oniric dimension of a play, the playwright prepares the area for a break of characters who moving in a hostile and an unspecified world without the laws of physics, get going in quest for the lost identity. Breaking the unity of action and psychological consistency of a character, Pellerin presents the crisis of a temporary human being, moreover by using heterogenic forms, he shows this crisis in ist best.

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Les anthologies surréalistes : l’élaboration collective d’un genre littéraire hybride

Author(s): Roberto Mannu / Language(s): French Issue: 6/2016

Published for the first time in 1940 the André Breton’s Anthology of black humor inaugurates the great season of surrealist anthologies, which will last until late 60s. The use of the traditional form of the modern anthology by the Surrealists, does not involve into a complete acceptance of its rules, already codified since the end of the 19th century, but rather a deformation of its textual structure and of its objectives, producing a literary genre with particular characteristics. The surrealist anthology, such as those realized by André Breton, Paul Éluard, Louis Aragon and Benjamin Péret, represent an hybrid literary object with structural elements in common with the dictionary, the glossary, the anthology and the catalogue. The surrealist literary collections represent both a different approach to the history of literature and an expression of surrealist poetics.

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Le Navire Night : le mélange des genres et des arts

Author(s): Anna Ledwina / Language(s): French Issue: 6/2016

The works of Marguerite Duras show visible hybridity, broadly understood as a mixture of genres, correspondence of the arts, or intertextuality. Her texts reflect, par excellence, this tendency because they keep departing from classical forms. Consequently, the same text can be interpreted as a novel, screenplay, or film. This transgression seemingly results from the versatility of changing artistic interests of Duras, who, while writing, was fascinated by film-making and all possibilities of experimentation. The transgression is confirmed by a kind of polyphony of voices in her works, which makes them both extremely suggestive and open. A prime example of this technique is Le Navire Night. According to the concept of poetical-novelistic or cinematic writing, it can be seen as a ‘hybrid’ work. Therefore, Le Navire Night is sometimes read as a poem as understood by Henri Meschonnic, referring to the creativity of the author, especially in the field of language.

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Dialogue de la littérature et la peinture dans Femmes d’Alger dans leur appartement d’Assia Djebar

Author(s): Maria Gubińska / Language(s): French Issue: 6/2016

The paper presents the phenomenon of hybridity present in Assia Djebar’s writings based on the example of the collection of short stories entitled Femmes d’Alger dans leur appartement (Women of Algiers in Their Apartment). The title of the collection makes reference to famous paintings by Delacroix and Picasso but in doing so the author also supplements the Europocentric discourse with her own voice, the voice of a Francophone Algerian writer who, holding a dialogue with the painters, breaks with exoticism and the orientalising European approach. The dialogue with painting is accomplished on two levels; the first, diegetic and second, essayistic; in ‘The Overture’, and especially in ‘The Afterword’, which is not only a commentary to the painting works by Delacroix and Picasso, but also a complementation of the literary plot. The permanent link of Djebar’s writings to the dramatic present and the remembrance of the women deprived of their voice and subjected to reification is voiced powerfully in the work, which cannot be easily evaluated as it is very diverse in its references to other fields of art.

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L’écriture détournée par la sérigraphie dans les poèmes-estampes de Roland Giguère

Author(s): Emmanuelle Pelard / Language(s): French Issue: 6/2016

The surrealist Quebec poet, painter and artists’ books editor Roland Giguère has based his entire work on a dialogue between poetry and visual arts (painting, serigraphy, typography) in order to experiment the iconicity of writing. He has composed a graphic poetry made of plastic and iconic signs as well as graphic signs, playing with the semiotic ambiguity to create poetic effects and sense. His polysemiotic experiment of the poem based on a specific use of serigraphy has impacted the readability, but has paradoxically shown a new kind of poeticity and the expressiveness of writing. The aim of this article is to establish how the writing subversion and the semiotic experiment allowed by an original use of serigraphy creates poetry.

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Réécrire Don Juan au XXe siècle : entre hybridité et intermédialité, nouveaux modes d’exploitation d’un mythe

Author(s): Aurélia Gournay / Language(s): French Issue: 6/2016

The contemporary rewritings of Don Juan’s myth highlight several forms of hybridity and illustrate the stakes involved. The hybridation affects in the first place the sources of the myth since the authors appeal to numerous intertextual references. But the successive transpositions of the mythical scenario also lead to a generic hybridity. This intermediality has a reflexive dimension: it raises the question of the limits of language to talk about the myth and abolishes the frontier between fiction and critical speech.

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L’identité hybride d’un exilé à l’exemple de L’oublié d’Élie Wiesel

Author(s): Paweł Kamiński / Language(s): French Issue: 6/2016

The present article discusses a hybrid identity of two main characters from the novel The Forgotten by Élie Wiesel. Having left Europe, Elhanan Rosenbaum settles down in the United States. Even though he adapts to his new surroundings, he perceives himself chiefly as a Jew. When he begins to suffer from an incurable disease that causes him to lose his memory, he compels his son, who was brought up in the USA, to go to Romania. The main goal of this trip is to rescue the memory of the past from oblivion: memory as an indicator of Jewishness. Moreover, thanks to the expedition, Malkiel succeeds to strengthen his own Jewish identity.

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Hybridité et altérité dans Magnus de Sylvie Germain

Author(s): Annick Jauer / Language(s): French Issue: 6/2016

Magnus, a novel from Sylvie Germain published in 2005, is a narration made up of several marks of hybridity – structural, generic and discursive hybridity. Those marks are not simply formal but emphasize the necessity of a true presence towards the world and others. The itinerary of the character is a spiritual one, and the novel reveals the part played by reading and writing in the reconsideration of our relationship towards the world and the other people.

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Hybridité artistique et hybridité identitaire dans Tels des astres éteints (2008) de Léonora Miano

Author(s): Paul Kana Nguetse / Language(s): French Issue: 6/2016

If there is an aesthetic that characterizes the novel Tels des astres éteints writing by Leonora Miano, it is the combination of literary art and the art of music. This artistic hybridity that starts from paratexts transforms the novel into iso-epistemic space and into an archive of memory discography. For this poetic hybrid, the author expands the fields of observation and intensifies cognitive quest (Krysinski, 2004). It is also a scriptural technical mobilized to translate and defend the identity hybridity.

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Hybridité et voix auctoriale

Author(s): Martine Motard-Noar / Language(s): French Issue: 6/2016

This article analyzes three hybrid narratives – Sylvie Gracia’s Le livre des visages (2012), Pascal Quignard’s Les ombres errantes (2002), and Hélène Cixous’s Hyperrêve (2006). Although their hybridity can be found at different levels, such as the generic level, or the lexical level, all three texts attempt to catch the Mother in their narrative subterfuges in order to bring her back to life (or in the case of Cixous, to keep her alive), in vain. In the process, the authorial voice is reinforced as the voice leading the reader through narrative transgressions.

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Quand la littérature rencontre le cinéma : Paradis conjugal d’Alice Ferney et Le garçon incassable de Florence Seyvos

Author(s): Margareth Amatulli / Language(s): French Issue: 6/2016

In a society characterized by ever-changing identity- and boundary-redefinition, the confines among different kinds of art are shifting consistently. Painting, photography, and cinema often surface in post-modern literature directly or indirectly. In particular, intertextual connections, generated by the intertwining of cinema and literature in literary works, lead to the creation of new text types which can hardly be classified according to traditional genre taxonomies. This essay aims to investigate some hybridization processes, triggered by the presence of cinema in literary texts, through the analysis of two novels which claim a direct connection with cinema: Paradis Conjugal d'Alice Ferney (2008) et Le Garçon incassable de Florence Seyvos (2013).

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Les chamanes contemporains – figures d’instabilité

Author(s): Anne-Sophie Donnarieix / Language(s): French Issue: 6/2016

Antoine Volodine and Christian Garcin both make a distinctive use of shamanism in fictional novels. By multiplying shaman characters and intertwining the shamanistic principles and the narrative, they develop a poetic of instability noticeable through various hybridization processes notably strengthened by the intrusion of supernatural elements. The analysis of three motives in which this game of unstable balance is particularly mirrored – identity, History and fiction – shall turn our attention to the role of shamanism as a vector of fictional dynamism.

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Entre la danse macabre et l’apologie de la vie, ou les vanités selon Joris-Karl Huysmans

Author(s): Zofia Litwinowicz / Language(s): French Issue: 8/2018

In Joris-Karl Huysmans’ works, particularly those created in the transition between his decadent phase, symbolised by Down there (1891), and the period of mystical naturalism, which reaches its peak with The Cathedral (1898), it is possible to trace a complete and profound evolution of the vanitas motif. This article offers an analysis of three major stages of this change. It begins with the macabre vanitas characteristic for Down there. It is interpreted in the light of Félicien Rops’ aesthetics, which fascinates Huysmans in the 1880s, and the artistic adaptations of the temptation of saint Anthony in late Middle Ages and early Renaissance. Then, the article examines Huysmans’ approach to the Karlsruhe and the Isenheim Altar pieces by Matthias Grünewald, which marks a transition between the aesthetics of the dance of death and the mystical naturalism. The article finishes with a study of Grünewald's ekphraseis’ legacy: the apology of life, a new interpretation of the vanitas in The Cathedral.

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La vanité et le tragique existentiel dans l’œuvre durassienne

Author(s): Anna Ledwina / Language(s): French Issue: 8/2018

Duras’s work is a deep reflection on the emptiness of the human condition. In her works, a man realizes his/her inability to live in a senseless, unfriendly world in which all efforts to change the course of events or improve fate turn out to be futile. Therefore they express senselessness of any activity or commitment of the individual as confronted with the cruelty of fate. This state of affairs results from the inseparable connection between life and death inscribed in human nature. The works by Duras reflect the end of the world so perceived and the absurd manifestations of the inevitable disaster. In this dramatic way, the author shows the tragedy of human existence associated, in particular, with the despair of suffering and injustice. The protagonists who are powerless and lost in precarious reality submit passively to unrelenting fate.

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Типология и системност на рецептивните умения

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Типология и системност на рецептивните умения

Author(s): Dimka Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

This article focuses on the skills for text comprehension and is based on the view that a skill is a unity of a goal, conditions, means, and an expected outcome. Text comprehension is a complex activity, which runs at different levels and requires a multitude of various complex skills, manifested in a speciﬁc communicative situation. These skills have been deﬁned as receptive due to their role in the process of communication with the text. The article discusses their typology and justiﬁes their systematicity. Each highly developed skill aids the execution of speciﬁc actions. That is why, the process of its development is of high importance. However, the effectiveness of this process and the selection of adequate methodological decisions depends on one’s knowledge of skill typology.

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