Nici victimă, nici eroină. Rolul „poveştilor de viaţă” în construcţia identitară a fostelor deţinute politic din România

Author(s): Claudia-Florentina Dobre / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 19/2020

This study, based on the idea assessed by Hannah Arendt in The Human Condition according to which the storytelling is a strategy „for transforming private into public meanings”, and further discussed by Michael Jackson in his book, The Politics of Storytelling, who underlined that the storytelling is also a strategy „for sustaining a sense of agency in the face of dis-empowering circumstances”[ Michael Jackson, The Politics of Storytelling..., p. 34. ], aims at developing even further those two ideas arguing that storytelling is also fashioned by the social, cultural and political context as well as by the „social realms of memory”. Using the findings of a research among women, former political detainees during communism in Romania, this article emphasizes the role of storytelling in helping those women to overcome the trauma of the repression as well as in enhancing their agency while building an identity of anti-communist fighter.

ZADOVOLJSTVO RAZLIČITIM ASPEKTIMA ŽIVOTA GRAĐANA BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE S OBZIROM NA SPOL, STAROST, OBRAZOVANJE, MJESTO STANOVANJA I UKUPNA MJESEČNA PRIMANJA

Author(s): Srđan Puhalo,Amina Mešić,Marina Kucalović Vidović / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 7/2021

Ovo istraživanje ima za cilj utvrditi u kojoj mjeri su stanovnici Bosne i Hercegovine općenito zadovoljni životom, ali i pojedinim aspektima života, s obzirom na neke sociodemografske varijable (spol, starost, obrazovanje, veličina naselja i ukupna mjesečna primanja). Zadovoljstvo životom predstavlja kognitivnu komponentu subjektivnog blagostanja i najčešće se definira kao subjektivna procjena osobe o tome koliko je njen život dobar i kvalitetan u odnosu na vlastite standarde i kriterije koje ona smatra važnim. Istraživanje je provedeno polovinom 2019. godine na uzorku od 3485 ispitanika iz BiH, a ispitanici su upitnik popunjavali online. Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju da su stanovnici Bosne i Hercegovine više zadovoljni nego nezadovoljni svojim životom. Muškarci su zadovoljniji svojim životom u odnosu na žene i općenito kao i na pojedinim aspektima života. Porastom godina starosti opada zadovoljstvo životom stanovnika Bosne i Hercegovine. Ispitanici koji žive u mjestima s više stanovnika općenito su zadovoljniji svojim životom, životnim standardom i postignućem u životu, s druge strane s porastom veličine mjesta u kojem žive raste i nezadovoljstvo ispitanika pripadnošću lokalnoj zajednici. S porastom ukupnih mjesečnih primanja obitelji raste i opće zadovoljstvo poslom, kao i zadovoljstvo pojedinim aspektima života. Na kraju možemo zaključiti da stanovnici Bosne i Hercegovine nisu toliko nezadovoljni životom, ali bi mogli biti mnogo zadovoljniji.

Женското: актуален фокус на изследване

Author(s): Ivanka Stapova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

Prikazi

Author(s): Senka Božić-Vrbančić,Jelena Kupsjak,Maja Flajsig,Tanja Petrović,Velna Rončević,Andrea Matošević,Iva Grubiša,Ljiljana Marks,Iris Biškupić Bašić,Andrea Klobučar,Tea Škokić,Olga Orlić,Marijana Belaj / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 44/2021

Review of: Senka Božić-Vrbančić i Jelena Kupsjak - Feral Atlas. The More-Than-Human Anthropocene, Anna Tsing, Jannifer Deger, Alder Keleman Saxena i Feifei Zhou, ur., Stanford University Press, Stanford, 2020. Maja Flajsig - Ekofeminizam. Između ženskih i zelenih studija, Goran Đurđević i Suzana Marjanić, ur., Durieux, Zagreb, 2020., 479 str. Tanja Petrović - Transformacija rada. Narativi, prakse, režimi, Ozren Biti i Reana Senjković, ur., Institut za etnologiju i folkloristiku, Zagreb, 2021, 388 str. Velna Rončević - Anne Allison, Precarious Japan, Duke University Press, Durham, 2013., 256 str. Andrea Matošević - Priče iz konzerve. Povijest prerade i konzerviranja riba na sjeveroistočnom Jadranu, Iva Kosmos, Tanja Petrović i Martin Pogačar, ur., Srednja Europa, Zagreb, 2020., 301 str. Iva Grubiša - Jasna Čapo, Dva doma. Hrvatska radna migracija u Njemačku kao transnacionalni fenomen, Durieux, Zagreb, 2019., 392. str. Ljiljana Marks - Olga Supek, Ljeto u Detroitu. Studija jedne lokalne četvrti iz perspektive ekonomske antropologije, Hrvatsko etnološko društvo, Zagreb, 2020., 179 str. Iris Biškupić Bašić - Katarina Bušić, Zbirka narodnih nošnji hrvatske dijaspore (The Croatian Diaspora Folk Clothing Collection), Etnografski muzej, Zagreb, 2019., 192 str. Andrea Klobučar - Kapa dolje! Priča o (ne)pokrivanju glave, Mareta Kurtin, ur. Etnografski muzej, Zagreb, 2019., 344 str. Tea Škokić - Liber Monstrorum Balcanorum. Čudovišni svijet europske margine, Miranda Levanat-Peričić i Tomislav Oroz, ur., Jesenski i Turk i Institut za etnologiju i folkloristiku, Zagreb, 2019., 371 str. Olga Orlić - Devedesete. Kratki rezovi, Orlanda Obad i Petar Bagarić, ur., Institut za etnologiju i folkloristiku, Jesenski i Turk, Zagreb, 2020., 427 str. Marijana Belaj - Antropologija izvan akademije – osvrt na Godišnji skup HED-a 2020: Etnografska istraživanja na tržištu

UNE CONGREGATION CATHOLIQUE FEMININE A SALONIQUE OTTOMANE ET LES BULGARES

Author(s): Raya Zaimova / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2022

The present article looks briefly at the history of the Roman Catholic Congregation (the Daughters of Charity of Saint-Vincent-de-Paul) who proclaim the Gospel among the Levantine peoples. The religious institute of women devoted to active charitable work. They settled in Ottoman Salonica around the 1850s. Their activities were closely linked to those of the Lazarists, depending on the same superior of the Mission. Referring to the French archives of their house in Salonica and personal documents, the author briefly presents the objectives of their mission, which, until 1913, was facilitated by the Franco-Ottoman capitulations. The schools of Daughters of Charity were attended by children of different nations, including Bulgarians. The text is an initial attempt to study the schools of the women’s congregations in the Balkans.

„Le Sari vert”, un plaidoyer pour les femmes au-delà de l’océan Indien

Author(s): Bernadette Rey Mimoso-Ruiz / Language(s): French Issue: 21/2022

Although Le Sari vert is presented as a masculine monologue, it is none the less a plea in favour of women, an illustration of ill-treatment in the name of virility in a context which cannot be simply limited to society in Mauritius. In the course of this study, starting with the problematic centred on the monstrosity in its manifestations and its psychological limits, the article examines the elements specifically pertaining to the culture and the society of Mauritius, to its Indian heritage in the concept of women, to the influence of a hierarchical religion as well as the linguistic elements typical of Ananda Devi which give to the work a dimension opening onto the Western World in order to serve a cause which is sadly universal.

Aizpagājušā gadsimta beigas Latvijā, no Jaunā laika – 20. gadsimta – beigu perspektīvas

Author(s): Guntis Šmidchens / Language(s): Latvian Issue: 37/2018

Review of: Benedikts Kalnačs, Pauls Daija, Eva Eglāja-Kristsone, Kārlis Vērdiņš. Fin de siècle literārā kultūra Latvijā. Apceres par literatūras sociālo vēsturi. Rīga: Latvijas Universitātes Literatūras, folkloras un mākslas institūts, 2017.

In the Shadow of the Heroes. Women’s Hardships of the Everyday Life During WWI in the Light of Memoirs

Author(s): Anna Chudzińska / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2020

Has the First World War accelerated the emancipation of women? Are wars beneficial for women or do they reinforce women’s traditional, culturally accepted roles? Do women have their position in the heroic patriotic discourse? There is no clear answer to these questions. After all, the First World War, on the one hand, accelerated the process of women’s emancipation, but on the other hand, slowed it down or even blocked it. This article deals with several memoirs written by women about everyday life during the WWI emphasizing both the emancipation (through liberties brought by the war effort to organize hospitals etc.) and the relegation to old duties as caring for the family and wounded soldiers, working for the homeland.

Staging Race and Gender in the Era of Contemporary Crises: Dramas of African American Women Playwrights

Author(s): Ifeta Čirić-Fazlija / Language(s): English Issue: 39/2022

Starting from the premise that contemporary crisis is a pervasive continuation of the modern “series of interrelated crises” (Fernández-Caparrós and Brígido-Corachán vii), this article examines the manner in which the US theater has responded to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Simultaneously considering crises as “agents of change and transformation” (xvii) and bearing in mind the #MeToo, and Black Lives Matter movements, the article questions the likelihood of contemporary American theater overcoming its own crisis of representation. Relating modern and current crises, the essay first outlines twentieth century dramatic literature and theaters against the backdrop of the World Wars, the 1918 health crisis, economic depression, and post-war (racialized) society, focusing on plays by American women of color. The study then centers on dramatic and theatrical developments brought about by the annus horribilis of 2020, surveying new genres, authors and performances, and discerning no significant improvement in systemic discrimination on Broadway stages. The essay also offers complementary reading of Trouble in Mind (1955), a meta-drama mirroring systemic racial and gender discrimination in American theaters, and By the Way, Meet Vera Stark (2011) which unravels similar issues, albeit in the film industry.

Co różni Babcochę od czarownicy z wyobrażeń dzieci?

Author(s): Bernadeta Niesporek-Szamburska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2022

The article is devoted to the linguistic and cultural image of the heroine of Justyna Bednarek’s novel entitled Babcocha. The story’s heroine was compared to the stereotype of a witch, which was recreated from children’s conceptualizations (of children in younger schoolage). The comparison of the two images indicates a significant modification of the image created by Justyna Bednarek and these aspects of the protagonist and the world represented, which may encourage the child to read the text.

Spiral Coercion: Nazi Power and Family Authority in Charlotte Salomon’s Autobiographical Work Life? Or Theatre?

Author(s): Eleftheria Karagianni / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2022

Life? or Theatre? is a visual-theatrical, textual, and auto-biographical play of Charlotte Salomon, a Jewish talented artist, executed at a very young age in the Auschwitz concentration camp. In this paper, I consider Salomon’s work a document of life, and a testimony of her personal intra-familial, and personal experience of “the before—Auschwitz” (Jenn-Gastal 228) depicting, among others, historical and socio-political facts articulated and expressed through narrative and painting. Since in Sociology life stories or autobiographical narratives constitute a valuable tool, I will employ Salomon’s drawings, captions and texts as a “synergetic fusing of social sciences and the arts” (Bagley 34), in order to shed ample light on her reconstructed lived experience. This research aims at examining Salomon's autobiographical work from a sociological and philosophical perspective, referring to the views of great theorists, such as Hannah Arendt, Zygmunt Bauman, and the founders of the Frankfurt School, who tried to explain the origins of totalitarianism, power relations and the causes of the Holocaust.

„Praca we krwi”. O języku podmiotu kobiecego i podmiotu zwierzęcego w „Mateczniku” Małgorzaty Lebdy

Author(s): Anouk Herman / Language(s): Polish Issue: 10/2022

Anouk Herman’s aim in this article is to introduce the ecofeminist theory of the animal subject and its absent referent in the poetry book Matecznik by Polish author Małgorzata Lebda. Ecofeminism provides tools for elaborate analysis of the conceptual connections between women (as well as persons of nonbinary identities) and animals and may be used as a theoretical background for ecocritical research on literature. Ecofeminist philosophers Carol J. Adams and Marti Kheel have developed theories regarding relationships of human and non-human phenomena. They examine the issues of sexuality and carnality in the context of the killing and hunting of animals, themes which constitute important motifs in Lebda’s poetry.

Dinamica formelor și a relațiilor sociale în grupările socialiste din secolul al XIX-lea

Author(s): Maricica Munteanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2023

Focusing on two theoretical concepts, sociability, driven from Maurice Agulhonʼs theory, and social networked as developed in Georg Simmelʼs formal sociology, the present article aims to discuss the Romanian socialist circles from the 19th century in a twofold manner. On the one hand, it explores the social imaginary and the transferable social forms due to the existence of the “weak ties” (Mark Granovetter), such as clandestinity, the anti-bourgeois attitude, the idealism, and the generic portrait of the socialist. On the other hand, the article analyses the forms of life that are specific and dependent on the material spaces, shaping the particularities of different socialist groups. Such elements of shared life are, for example, the exaltation in Neculai Beldiceanuʼs cenacle from Iași, the anti-intimacy in Nădejdeʼs house on Sărărie, the farce at „Adevărul” magazine, but also the experience of drinking tea, common to the majority of the socializing groups, and the relationship between men and women, considered as the myth of the 19th century socialist movement.

THE ATTITUDE OF MEMBERS OF CERTAIN VULNERABLE SOCIAL GROUPS TOWARDS POLICE TREATMENT

Author(s): Bojan Stanković,Dalibor Kekić / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The position of vulnerable social groups is very specific for several reasons, primarily due to the treatment by society. The aim of this paper is to examine, from the perspective of those who report security events, the relationship that the police establish towards national minorities, displaced persons, socially vulnerable persons, women and persons with disabilities, as the most numerous categories of socially vulnerable groups. For this reason, special attention is paid in the work to their attitude towards police officers in situations of handling their incident reports. Their relationship is even more complex if viewed through the prism of the influence of the police subculture on the behavior and treatment of police officers towards members of vulnerable social groups. In those situations, the police is expected to react non-discriminatory and act in accordance with prescribed legal norms, bearing in mind the specific position that members of vulnerable groups have in the social community. In order to assess the attitude of vulnerable groups towards the police and to improve their efficiency in dealing with the police, a survey was conducted with the application of the survey technique using a stratified sample.

Женскостта и майчинството в бившите социалистически страни: литературни и идеологически аспекти

Author(s): Polina Penkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 30/2023

The text is focused on the problems of womanhood and motherhood in the literature, written by women in the former socialist states. It aims to explore the implications of the Soviet ideology and propaganda in the contemporary perceptions of gender and family roles and to answer the question about the importance of the remaining conservative traditional family values in the region. By exploring novels by female authors, the study tries to show the methods and tendencies in which women try to apply change through art. The main objects of analyses are the novels “Mrs. G.” by Emilia Dvoryanova and “Primeval and Other Times” by Olga Tokarczuk.

THE LINGUISTIC TABOO IN ROMANIAN POETRY. SEXUALITY AND FEMINISM

Author(s): Alina Neculachi / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 31/2022

This paper aims to analyze the portrayal of two major themes in the Romanian contemporary poetry, namely sexuality and feminism, which are still regarded as being taboo.

RENAISSANCE EUROPEAN CLOTHING. GENDER AND SOCIO-CULTURAL VALUES EXPRESSED THROUGH AESTHETIC FEATURES

Author(s): Sandra Chira / Language(s): English Issue: 32/2023

Until the 14th century, the correspondence between clothing and the personal identity of individuals manifested itself through the expression of social status, functions and occupations, and standard of living. Costumes were not means of communicating inner identity, taste or individual personality, but were primarily tools for signalling social or gender identity. Until the 14th century, one cannot speak of the existence of personal style, with the meaning of deliberate choice in the absence of conservative constraints of social, political or religious norms and rules. Starting from the 14th century, although clothing remains a form of communication of social status and at the same time a mirror of the collective spirit, the first timid attempts to individualize clothing are produced. The lower social classes are gradually trying to overcome the limits of an image determined by their modest condition, now reproducing the costumes of the bourgeois and the representatives of the upper social classes are developing impressive wardrobes. The individualization of the garments was due to their unique manufacture and not in series, having as a source of inspiration the court costume models and being in fact personalized variations of these prototypes.

INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION: DRIVERS, FACTORS AND MEGATRENDS

Author(s): Maria Cristina Chintescu / Language(s): English Issue: 33/2023

This piece of writing focuses on the theme of Chinese America as a part of the Greater Chinese Diaspora. The international migration among Chinese is centuries old: long before European colonists invaded the Asian continent, the Chinese had moved by see or land, either seasonally or permanently, to earn a living and to support their families. Amy Tan offers a historical view of Chinese emigration as a basis for understanding Chinese immigration to the United States. Diaspora is reflected in an old saying: “There are Chinese people wherever the ocean waves touch”. Migrant networks interact with structural factors: colonization, decolonization, nation-state building and changes in political regimes. The Chinese emigration maps implications for both countries of origin and both countries of destination. The main factor is the historical factor. There are distinct streams of emigration from China and remigration from the Chinese Diaspora after World War II. Local and global economies, diasporic communities, and migration networks interact with origins as well as shape the direction and nature of international migration.

Създаване и функциониране на първата институция за грижи за възрастни хора в Албания

Author(s): Inxhi Brisku / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

This article analyses the efforts for establishing and operating the first elders’ care institutionsin Albania during the monarchical regime of Ahmet Zogu and the fascist occupation. Based on archival documents, a detailed description is given of the Albanian authorities' efforts to found a care institution for the elderly, of the taxes collected for this purpose, of the negotiations between the central and the local institutions during the process, of the justifications encouraging the payments of those taxes made by the state representatives. In addition, a comparative analysis is offered of the main dimensions of social care with the social care conceptualized and provided by the Albanian state. The concept of social care is broader than that only for the elderly, but in this article, only social care for the elderly is considered. The basic concept of the Albanian state is that the main provider of elders’ social care is the family. Only a few individuals, who do not have families or stable incomes, should be taken care of by the state institutions and their care would be paid through special taxes.

Самооценки, ценности и психично здраве на стари хора от българско селско население

Author(s): Ignat Petrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

The study is in the field of зsychogerontology/psychogeriatrics, but it is in touch also with a range of humanitarian sciences. The study on self-evaluations, values and mental health has been cross-sectional and longitudinal. 708 persons (341 men and 267 women) aged 70 to 98 years, constituting a 20% random sample of the population 70 and over from 45 villages near Sofia were studied in 1971–1972. A test of self-evaluation of the personality and its social coherence is used along with nine psychological cognitive tests, an interview and a comprehensive medical and psychiatric examination. The group studied is homogeneous in ethnic, social-cultural and migration respect. In addition to the cross-sectional appraisal, a longitudinal assessment has been performed in intervals of 3, 5, 10, and a maximum of 16 years. Finally, an attempt at time-lag examination of old people 70 and over from two of the previous villages was performed in 2008, i.e. 36 years after the initial study – in different social and political conditions.