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This article examines how the film Zombie Strippers (2008, dir. Jay Lee) and the first season of the series From Dusk Till Dawn (2014, created by Robert Rodriguez) deploy the Gothic mode to stage monstrous transgressions of commodified females in the American historical and cultural contexts of the home front and the borderlands. By transforming into monsters, the erotic dancers in the two films above challenge the patriarchal foundations of their culture by subverting their objectification, literally consuming the bodies of male consumers. I further explain how their rebellions reference the frontier history of America, which provided Western horror cinema with tropes of evil “otherness” that blend stereotypes of Native Americans with Gothic fantasies of excess. My readings cite canonical theories from the fields of cultural and literary studies, but also more recent scholarship on the philosophical paradoxes of the eternal zombie condition or the sexually transgressive dimension of vampirism.
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Is there an association between economic beliefs and perceptions of the efficacy of mixed-gender teams? We approach this question for Latin America using the 2018 Latinobarometer survey. One of the questions in the survey asks respondents if they believe mixed-gender teams in the workplace produce better, worse, or equal results than teams formed exclusively by men. A different question in the same survey asks respondents about their attitudes towards international trade. We explore the relationship between the answers to these two questions. Because women and men bring different skills, points of view, and experiences to a team, pro-trade individuals may be inclined to identify these differences as comparative advantages, and regard mixed-gender teams as the spaces that make the profitable exchange of these advantages possible. Thus, pro-trade individuals may be more likely to perceive mixed-gender teams as more effective than teams formed exclusively by men. Our findings support this theory.
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We analyze the driving factors of anomalistic patterns found in experimental studies related to bargaining games. In particular, we investigate whether the well-documented deviation from self-interested behavior can be partly, or entirely, attributed to revenge rather than fairness. Although, in general, related literature does not distinguish between the two latter notions, we highlight their differences and show that revenge significantly, and independently from the sense of fairness, contributes to decision-making in ultimatum games. Moreover, we show that, when controlling for various attributes, the hunger for revenge becomes the sole driving factor for both positively and negatively reciprocal behavior, rendering the sense of fairness insignificant. Our further cross-sectional analysis yields that gender differences are also very significant; however, the measured effects of fairness and revenge remain unaffected by this latter finding.
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Recently, there has been a rising interest on migrants’ fertility intentions (FIs). However, to the best of our knowledge, none of these studies have investigated the role played by the combination of the nationalities of the couple on women’s short-term intentions of having a(nother) child. This article is aimed at contributing to the existing literature on the subject by filling this gap, testing whether and how women’s FIs differ according to the type of couple (native, mixed and migrant couples) while disentangling the influence of the selection and socialization or adaptation hypotheses. Data drawn from two ISTAT surveys were harmonized and merged for multivariate analyses. Results shown that both individual and couples’ characteristics matter in shaping differences in FIs between foreign women partnered to Italian men and foreign women partnered to foreign men. Simultaneously, the FIs gap between foreign women partnered to Italian men and Italian women partnered to Italian men also decreased, giving support to the adaptation theory. Finally, findings point out to the presence of gradients in the explanatory power of the adaptation hypothesis to differences in FIs across groups of migrant women according to their area of nationality.
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Various research studies suggest that women and other vulnerable groups are the ones who were impacted most and who continue to suffer from the economic and social effects of the pandemic. However, these groups have often been omitted from the measures mitigating the pandemic impact due to their invisibility in the policy-knowledge nexus. This article draws on the findings from the international RESISTIRÉ research project, which focuses on how COVID-19 policies impacted gendered inequalities in Europe. Building on feminist institutionalism and an intersectional approach, we contribute to the debate on how existent gender regimes have shaped anti-pandemic policies in the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Slovakia. While examining policy responses, we identified two main meta-frames that are present across the countries in our analysis and that increased gender+ inequalities: the neoliberal model of active citizens that ties the redistribution of aid to labour market activity and the heteronormative family narrative. This narrative has led to those who do not fit within its framework being ignored in policies and to attacks on those groups in an effort to reinforce the narrative’s hegemony. The impact of these frames was further amplified by practices of non-inclusive decision-making (in all three countries), where gender expertise was excluded as politicised and biased.
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Research involving prisoners is a vital source of information on crime but is often fraught with several challenges. This article presents an analysis of one of the first prison researches conducted in India with men convicted of rape. It examines and expands on the nuances of interacting with men convicted of rape and exploring a range of deeply personal questions with them. The research analysis attempts to highlight the impact of the researcher’s positionality on offender accounts by also discussing social proximity and gender. This article contributes to the broader discourse around conducting qualitative research in prisons.
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The article deals with the activities and work of the Russian feminist-poetry collective F-Letter (2017−2021). It analyses both the institutional dimension — that is, the milieu location of the phenomenon within the contemporary Russian literary field — and the ideological dimension — in which the most important goal of the feminist poets was to create an emancipated active lyrical-political subject. The theoretical perspective that constitutes the basis of reflection in the article grows out of the inspiration of Rita Felski’s research manifesto Uses of Literature and Jacques Ranciere’s perspective on the politics of literature.
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This year, Directive (EU) 2023/970 was adopted to strengthen the application of the principle of equal remuneration for the same work or for work of the same value between men and women through wage transparency and mechanisms to ensure compliance with the law aimed at ensuring wage transparency for to protect the right of employees to an equal salary, which will be applicable in both the public and private sectors, aiming at the elimination of wage differences between women and men in order to respect the principle of equal treatment. Employees will not be prevented from disclosing their salary if they do so to ensure the principle of equal pay between men and women for the same work or work of the same value. Obligations are established only for companies with more than 100 employees, the first reports required by the directive will have to be made by 2027, employers with less than 100 employees do not report on differences in remuneration. The implementation of the directive will bring new obligations for the business environment, employers being obliged to ensure salary transparency (both before employment and during the employment relationship), as well as the criteria used to establish the salary, respectively its increase over time, preparing periodic reporting and taking the necessary measures to limit those unjustified salary differences
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Climate change is a very real global phenomenon, which requires urgent solutions both at the international level and at the level of each domestic legal order. The climate crisis and the fight for women’s rights have more in common than it seems at first sight, as climate change reinforces discrimination against women in dealing with issues related to sustainable development. After having identified some effects of climate change on women's rights, this paper is going to explore in detail the direct and indirect links between notions of gender, sustainable development and Climate Change, with a view to formulating appropriate proposals for the improvement of international policies for the protection of women's rights. While efforts are already palpable towards mainstreaming gender in international level, the desired "parity" or "representativeness" of women is not still an acquired
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The aim of this study is to examine differences in women’s perceptions of travel constraints by personality trait, according to age, educational level, personal income, travelled destination, the purpose of travelling, the time spent travelling, the region travelled to and the factors that affect the choice of destination. The survey data collected from a sample of 304 women travellers were analyzed by performing one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that there are significant differences between women’s perceptions of travel constraints and personal income, the region they travelled to and the purpose of travelling. Significant differences between women’s personality traits and age, education level, duration of travel, destination and destination choice were also found.
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The text of the article raises the issues of the impact of social media on adolescent girls, and social activism and educational activities aimed at youth. Author takes attempt to develop a support and education strategies.
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Niniejszy artykuł dotyka jednej z najczęściej dyskutowanych w Polsce w 2020 roku kwestii (obok pandemii COVID-19 i wyborów prezydenckich) – tematyki aborcji i protestów Strajku Kobiet, który miał miejsce w dość krytycznej dla społeczeństwa sytuacji pandemicznej. Nieoczekiwana publikacja wyroku Trybunału Konstytucyjnego w sprawie K 1/20 z 22 października 2020 roku podzieliła Polskę na kilka obozów światopoglądowych. Liczne dyskusje w ówczesnym czasie wy- wołały także działania funkcjonariuszy Policji zabezpieczających zgromadzenie. Choć danych na temat przebiegu samych protestów kobiet jest wiele, zazwyczaj koncentrowały się one na relacjach uczestników lub rzeczników prasowych Policji. Autorka postanowiła spojrzeć na te kwestie z innej perspektywy badawczej – od strony funkcjonariuszy Policji, z którymi przeprowadziła anonimowe wywiady pogłębione.
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The present paper begins with an image revealed by a physical map of the current city of Byblos (Lebanon): an old harbour, used in Antiquity for importing papyrus into the Hellenistic world, from Ancient Egypt. In Byblos today, the old harbour of Byblos is a museum, a remnant of a remote past, while the modern present-day city develops around a newly built motorway. Regarding the biblical canon, things are looking quite the same: referential mutations do have direct consequences and result in significant changes in the way the Scriptures are approached, biblical narratives are read and the canon of the Bible is reconfigured. Surveying some of the main changes that took place during the last decades, the author examines various new ways of referring to the secular literary canon and its consequences on the way the biblical canon is thought about today. The preference for apocrypha, the ignorance of biblical canon(s) throughout the Judeo-Christian-based world and the prevalence of reader-response criticism tend to lead to the exclusion of the Bible from a possible contemporary canon or to replace the Scriptures with other texts considered to be more appropriate today. Finally, the article briefly look at how the biblical canon was established and then received by early Christian communities. The author is asking for a reconsideration of the fact that, until the establishment of canonical lists, these lists rather have had the purpose of establishing a corpus from which one could select what was considered right and useful for the faithful to be exposed to. Their function was thus similar to the way canons of modern literature function today. If the truth is that the biblical canon is at stake in the postmodern world today, then what is the dare? The dare could be to raise a question like: “What was the Bible like before it was turned into a book?” The author is daring us to ponder on this.
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Gender and racial discrimination at work have gradually gained more attention from the public in the recent years. With social movements such as #MeToo and #BlackLivesMatter, people start to reach the consensus that there should be more equality in society; more perspectives from different genders and different races are beneficial to society. This paper focuses on employment in the general workforce and studies how race and gender diversity in different job positions affect the economy. This paper explores to empirically explain why race and gender diversity in the workforce can have an impact on the economy. Using data from the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and from the Federal Reserve for the years of 1996 - 2018, this paper finds that race and gender diversity at work are positively associated with the economy. Also, this dataset sup- ports the conjecture that race and gender diversity increases total employment, which further increases the economy. This dataset also supports the possibility that race and gender diversity may increase the capacity of different perspectives, which further increases the economy. Moreover, race and gender diversity both increased during these years: from 11.783% to 23.339% and from 31.683% to 38.735% in the executive and managerial positions. This study has significant contributions to current research and practice.
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On 8 March 2021, for the first time in the long history of the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam, three paintings created by female artists: Judith Jans Leyster, Gesina ter Borch and Rachel Ruysch were displayed in the Gallery of Honour. If the National Museum in Wrocław – the capital city of the historical region of Silesia (today in Poland and the Czech Republic) decided to take a similar bold step, it would stumble upon some serious roadblocks. During the Baroque period, only three women were active painters in Silesia: Anna Elisabeth Willmann, Dorothea Gloger and Antonina della Vigna. They did not achieve any significant professional success and their careers remained essentially unfulfilled. Out of the approximately 10,000 paintings of Silesian provenance dating from the Baroque period that have survived to our times, only five were painted by women. Why were so few female painters professionally active in Silesia in this period? Why did they produce so few works of art? The article, based on the results of the recent comprehensive study of Baroque painting in Silesia, attempts to bring exhaustive answers to these fundamental questions.
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The study subjects of this article are Polish sea shanties embracing both original texts and translations from different languages. The study material comes from the www.szanty.art.pl website, websites of particular sea shanty bands as well as songbooks. The analysis intends to discuss certain methods of the conceptualization of both a woman and a sailing ship in the collected texts with special emphasis put on those which embody ambiguity and jokes. In sea shanties, a woman is described in terms of, inter alia, a sailing vessel which, in turn, is depicted in terms of female beauty. Such descriptions are marked by an apparent imprint of sexuality, which, however, is not usually expressed directly but only through innuendoes, jokes and puns.
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The purpose of this article is to answer the question how (and whether) stereotypes about unmarried women function in the language of contemporary youth. The basis of the research are the surveys of 15-year-olds from Lublin regarding women specified in the article. I divide the paper into three parts: I begin with the approximation of the concept of stereotype, and then I characterize old maids – mainly based on dictionary quotes and student statements. I close the whole with the discussion on how to perceive singles, using – as above – both dictionaries and literature in the field of linguistics, cultural studies, as well as the internet portals addressed to women. According to the results of the analysis, the expression old maid, which has been present in Polish for a long time, is rarely used by junior high school students, and in each case – in a negative, sometimes offensive sense. Students value positively only a young, ambitious woman, who consciously chooses loneliness. This is confirmed by the commonly operating new lexeme: single. One can risk a statement that in the stereotypical perception of the unmarried woman by young language users, a warming component emerges more and more clearly, and valorises in plus the prolonged status of maidhood.
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The manuscript by Konstancja Biernacka née Małachowska, kept in the Hieronim Łopaciński Provincial Public Library in Lublin, is entitled Osjan polski, czyli Zbiór współczesnej Polki dla jej wnuka, Pawła Biernackiego [Polish Ossian, or a Contemporary Polish Woman’s Collection for Her Grandson, Paweł Biernacki]. The author collected mainly poems by various authors, but also documents that testify to the history of the nation and the family. She wanted her grandson to get to know history and learn what patriotism is thanks to them. Paweł received the collection for his thirteenth birthday on 22 March 1831. The article discusses the content of the volume, which is a valuable testimony to the social, political and cultural life of the early 19th century. It is an extremely interesting extension of the circle of Polish reception of The Songs of Ossian by James Macpherson. The conducted research shows that the bound collection, kept in the library, contains works created after 1831, which proves that work on it continued, in accordance with the wish expressed by the author. On the day when the grandmother gave it to her grandson, it looked different than today. The manuscript will be made available to the modern reader, with a detailed explanation of the content and reference to broad interpretive contexts. [tłum. Marta Szymczak]
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The article aims to show the relationship between the gender of accountants and their approach to balance sheet valuation (valua- tion of assets and liabilities) and validation of the research tool. The authors assumed that such a relationship exists.The method of analysis of sources (literature), deductive reasoning and survey research were used. The study used a questionnaire containing 16 questions addressed to members of the Accountants Association in Poland. The survey used answers collected in 3 problem areas. Descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test were used to analyse the primary data. Due to the sample size, additional tests with the exact method and Monte Carlo were performed for each analysis using the Chi-square test. The statistical analysis shows differences between women’s and men’s practical approaches to valuing assets and liabilities. Most of the rela- tionships between the variables are statistically significant.The main limitation concerns that the quantitative study was prelimi- nary and related to the sample size.The obtained results are the basis for further research in the field of showing the relationship between gender and selected methods of balance sheet valuation in accounting, as well as other thematic areas in accounting (reliability of reporting information, simplifications in accounting, tax aspects).The article fills the research gap in balance sheet valuation regarding the gender of the person keeping the books of accounts. The pilot stud- ies open another dimension of research in selecting valuation methods in accounting. The results of the pilot study partially fill the research gap concerning insufficient knowledge on the impact of gender on accountants’ approach to balance sheet valuation. The pilot studies open another dimension of research in selecting valuation methods in accounting.
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