"All my sour-sweet days I will lament and love" – a comparative analysis of metaphors with the basic taste adjectives in Polish and English

Author(s): Marta Helena Falkowska,Magdalena Zawisławska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 18/2018

This paper provides a comparative analysis of verbal synesthetic metaphors with the basic taste adjectives in Polish and English: słodki/sweet, gorzki/bitter, kwaśny/sour, słony/salty. Since taste seems to be an ideal candidate for a universal, biologically determined source of metaphors, the authors seek to verify the hypothesis of metaphor embodiment. The corpus-based analysis of nominal phrases with basic Polish and English taste adjectives indicates that cultural influences on the metaphorical mapping, as well as the importance of the target conceptual domains, must be taken into account.

"Ikaromenippos" – starożytny dialog o locie na Księżyc i do niebiańskiej siedziby bogów

Author(s): Dominika Budzanowska-Weglenda / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Dominika Budzanowska-Weglenda’s chapter proposes an analysis of the Ikaromenippos or Voyage in Space, which is one of dialogues of Lucian of Samosata and probably the first literary description of the human trip to the Moon. The main character takes on this journey because of his aversion to philosophy. Lucian’s Ikaromenippos is a fantastic dialogue: a philosopher, probably the cynic, and satirist Menippus of Gadara, flies here “through the stars”. He takes two wings of large birds: the wing of the vulture and the wing of the eagle, and performs an incredible feat, worthy of Icarus: he reaches the Moon (from where he looks at the people and their actions on Earth), and then flies to Heaven—to the gods, “in upper Zeus’ rooms”. The story of Menippus’journey is like a swift current of the river, full of jocular tone, with a fantastic plot. But it clearly carries a deeper message: it expresses criticism of human attitudes and actions (adulteries, murders, conspiracies, perjury, betrayals among the closest to ones, war, courtship, piracy), meanness, false and mercenary piety, especially when stigmatizing bad behavior of philosophers, without sparing the representatives of any philosophical school. According to Lucian’s narrative, philosophers are lazy, quarrelsome, bloated, angry, grotesque, tumultuous, surly, unworthy people. The author reinforces the accusations of philosophers with the deity’s words, as the goddess of the Moon, Selene, having been encountered by the traveler, complains about them as well. She believes that philosophers are impostors, leading a shameful nightlife behind the scenes: they commit adultery, steal, and commit any other evil deeds. Ikaromenippos belongs to Lucian’s satirical works featuring reflective comedy. Correspondingly, Lucian postulates the liberation from the practical cognitive pressure of the logical rules and from the philosophical logic of cognition of the universe.

"Koralina" Neila Gaimana w realizacjach teatru lalek w Polsce

Author(s): Maria Janus / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Maria Janus focuses on theatrical adaptations of Neil Gaiman’s "Coraline" in Polish puppet theatre. The analysed performances were directed by Włodzimierz Fełenczak in Teatr Miniatura in Gdańsk with a stage design by Mikołaj Malesza (opening 2009) and in the Białostocki Teatr Lalek with a stage design by Joanna Braun (opening 2011) and directed by Karolina Maciejaszek in Teatr Pinokio in Łódź with a stage design by Anna Chadaj (opening 2013). In addition, the Author discusses the performance of Rozalinda, written and directed by Krystyna Jakóbczyk in the Teatr Dzieci Zagłębia in Będzin (opening 2012), which was inspired by Gaiman’s novel. Janus presents this performance in the context of copyrights and difficulties of obtaining licenses for use of texts written by popular authors (especially from the Anglo-Saxon region). The author compares the adaptations of Neil Gaiman’s novel written by Fełenczak, Maciejaszek and the translation of the novel’s narration by Jakóbczyk (theatrical situations and visual narration vs. the narration performed live on-stage). Maria Janus also highlights theatrical references from the novel considering meta-theatrical elements that enhance the performance. Janus compares theatrical media used in performances from Gdańsk, Białystok and Łódź with special consideration to the stage design and puppetry techniques. In the second part, the author focuses on the popularity of Neil Gaiman’s Coraline among theatrical directors despite little interest in horror fiction. Puppet theatres in Poland do not produce performances based on modern epic literature, especially those nbased on fantasy. Classical fairy-tales and modern dramaturgy containing fairy-tale motives are still more popular. Furthermore, Janus reflects on the possibility of a change of the herein discussed situation. She further refers to the arguments of Bruno Bettelheim, Stanisław Grzelecki and Katarzyna Slany considering young spectator benefits from the contact with theatrical representation of youth horror literature.

"Le Tramway" de Claude Simon : une vanité postmoderne ?

Author(s): Mokhtar Belarbi / Language(s): French / Issue: 8/2018

The theme of vanity occupies a prime place in Claude Simon's "Tramway". In this text, he has adopted a new conception of vanity. Certainly, the author has always evoked themes intimately associated with vanity, such as the theme of death, the theme of melancholy, the theme of war, etc., but the “finitude” has always been for him a crucial phase for the return to the primordial and the origin for the beginning of a new cycle of life. In "The Tramway", the vanity of the world is presented in a tragic way. No reference to the primordiality or the cyclical return of things. The author insists on updating in the memory of the time of death. A large number of metaphors and symbols highlight this theme of death; it is as if the author throws to the reader a memento mori from someone on the point of experiencing this fatal experience which is irremediable and definitive. This gives the text a tragic and undeniable human dimension.

"Późne lato" Johna Crowleya jako postmodernistyczna wizja procesualnej koncepcji tożsamości

Author(s): Małgorzata Gancarczyk / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2018

The article John Crowley’s “Engine Summer”: A Postmodern Vision of the Processual Construction of Identity analyses the eponymous novel as pivoted around the narrative’s role in constructing both individual and collective identity. Drawing from Mieke Bal’s narrative theory, as well as a number of establi­shed (such as paratextuality) and emerging theoretical concepts (Piotr Kubiński’s emersion), Gancarczyk emphasises the multifacetedness of novelistic references, including the stereotypisation of the Other and top-down control of social relationships. Furthermore, Engine Summer is interpreted he­re as drawing the reader’s attention to the medium itself and to the embodied text which co-creates narrative identity, allowing for its inscription and transmission—an idea literally realised in a postapocalyptic world of the novel. Finally, Gancarczyk shows how Campbell’s concept of monomyth reverberates in Crowley’s narrative, proving pivotal for the overall interpretation, indicating the active role of the medium and narrative subjectivity in constructing the meaning.

"Skazani na ciężkie norwidy”? Kilka uwag o kulturowych aspektach przekładu poezji Wisławy Szymborskiej na język norweski

Author(s): Aleksandra Wilkus-Wyrwa / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2019

The aim of this paper is to discuss selected cultural keywords in the Norwegian translation of Wisława Szymborska’s (1923–2012) poetry. Translators O.M. Selberg and Ch. Kjelstrup used multiple approaches, thanks to which Norwegian readers have a chance to get acquainted with typical Polish phenomena, although often at an expense of the original text. Since the kind of publishing itself – an anthology of translated poetry – indicates the place of Szymborska’s work in the foreign discourse, her published works in Norway, Sweden and Denmark, along with her reception in Norwegian discourse as a Nobel Prize winner, are discussed here as well.

"Замок" Франца Кафки: постмодернистский дискурс в современной австрийской литературе

Author(s): E.M. Shastina,G. F. Frolov / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/2018

The purpose of the paper is to follow the reception of F. Kafka’s “The Castle” in contemporary Austrian literature based on the following novels: “The Peaches Killers” (“Die Pfirsichtöter”, 1972) by Alfred Kolleritsch, “Among the Bieresch“ (“Bei den Bieresch”, 1979) by Klaus Hoffer, and “Into the Castle” (“Ins Schloss”, 2004) by Marianne Gruber. The attention has been focused on the writers, whose creative manner reflects the tendencies in contemporary Western European literary process – from avant-gardism (A. Kolleritsch) to postmodernism (K. Hoffer, M. Gruber). The intertextual links between the works under the consideration and F. Kafka’s novel have been established. The “Kafkaesque discourse” suggests that there exist direct and inverse links between the author and the reader, the extra-textual tradition and reality. The comparative methodology has been used to reveal the mechanism of reception of the “Kafkaesque discourse” in contemporary Austrian literature, as well as to draw conclusions about the ways the authors treat ontological questions. Particular emphasis has been placed on the narrative strategies of Austrian literary avant-gardism, postmodern discourse of the second half of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st centuries, typological similarity of the analyzed novels, which seems productive for understanding of the influence of literature during the period of modernism on the emergence of a postmodern paradigm in the German-speaking literary space.

"Путешествие вокруг его комнаты": жанровое своеобразие романа И.А. Гончарова "Обломов"

Author(s): Lyubov' Aleksandrovna Sapchenko / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/2018

The paper is the first attempt to reveal the genre specificity of I.A. Goncharov’s novel in the light of the parodic variety of sentimental travel (“A Journey Around My Room” by Xavier de Maistre). It has been noted that the plot of journey in the work by I.A. Goncharov, which is connected, as it would seem, only with the book of essays “Frigate Pallas”, is actually present in all three novels of the writer, showing itself as a theme or a motive and as a symbolic image or an ideal form of human activity. The author gives a number of examples proving that the novel “Oblomov” can be defined as “anti-travel”: as a book about a man who “did not go”: did not travel through Europe, did not go to the springs, did not visit Oblomovka, did not keep his promise to come to Paris… The comparative-historical method of analysis (historical-typological and “contact”) have been used during the research. As a result, the following conclusions have been drawn: 1) the artistic entity of the novel contains the genre signs of “anti-travel”; 2) this genre component represents the actualization of the sentimentalist tradition in a parody aspect and in part - the transformation of Xavier de Maistre’s famous book “A Journey Around My Room”; 3) the commonality of the two works reveals itself at various levels: at the genre level, the central character and the plot and in the system of characters and in the figurative and symbolic system. The version of the title translation adopted by the researchers (“A Journey around My Room” as opposed to “A Journey through My Room”) does not enclose the character within the space of his home but brings him out into the limitless imagination. The most important of the results obtained is the following: the tradition of sentimental travel, with its reduction of the external space, minimization of movement and actualization of the inner world, with irony characteristic of the Sternian variety of sentimentalism, turns out to be kindred to Goncharov. The obtained results are important for understanding the genre specificity of the novel “Oblomov”, for recreating the historical and literary context, for determining the place of I.A. Goncharov’s work in the history and theory of the travel genre, and for preparing comments for the complete collection of works by I.A. Goncharov.

(BE)SMISAO VREMENA U ODABRANIM DJELIMA WILLIAMA FAULKNERA I MEŠE SELIMOVIĆA

Author(s): Selma Raljević / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 2/2014

The purpose of this paper is to compare the modern concept of time by “placing” William Faulkner’s (1897-1962) novels: The Sound and the Fury (1929), Light in August (1932), Absalom, Absalom! (1936), Go Down, Moses (1942), and Meša Selimović’s (1910-1982) prose works: Death and the Dervish (Derviš i smrt, 1966), The Fortress (Tvrđava, 1970), The Island (Ostrvo, 1974) and Memories (Sjećanja, 1976). The aim of this paper is to compare the perception of time in the selected prose of these two writers within the context of the sum of combined intelligences. The topic will be explored by applying the thoughts of Einstein, Nietzsche, Bergson, Eliade, Freud and Jung. In their modern literary works, both Faulkner and Selimović transpose time into space, and time/space becomes a major player in their works. Accordingly, special attention will be given to the perception and (non)sense of time and space in their modern prose.

(In)visibles persévérances de l’absence. Les enjeux de la mise en forme dans Les Années d'Annie Ernaux

Author(s): Jolanta Rachwalska von Rejchwald / Language(s): French / Issue: 1/2011

A dialectic between presence and absence, remembrance and oblivion, testimony and silence, body and its trace reflects the gist of the most recent Ernaux’es book. It constitutes not only plenteaus thematic confluence but also or even majorly an axis of the book’s construction. Its structure encompasses various layers such as: rhetorical, stylistic and typographic, which separately and together combined reside in prevailing tensioned coexistence of presence and absence.

(Nie)obecny w przekładzie – (nie)obecny w pamięci? Refleksje na temat najnowszych przekładów na język polski poezji Eliasza Rajzmana, szczecińskiego twórcy w języku jidysz

Author(s): Magdalena Ruta / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 9/2018

The article discusses Polish translations of Yiddish poetry written by Eliasz Rajzman, Jewish writer who was living in postwar Szczecin. His literary output was presented to the Polish readers as early as in the 1960s by translators who either knew Yiddish language or cooperated with the autor in the process of the relay translation. Magdalena Ruta focuses on the latest collection of Rajzman’s poems in order to show some misunderstandings and communication falsifications (at linguistic, historical, cultural, religious levels) which are the result of an relay translation made by two persons: a native speaker who prepares so called philological translation, and a professional poet, who – not knowing the original language of a poem – works on its final version in the target language. Due to the special status of the Yiddish whose nearly all users died in the Holocaust, there is a moral obligation to translate Yiddish literature with special care and diligence in terms of language, history and culture.

(Не)могућности књижевности и културе у доба кризе

Author(s): Slađana Rakić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 48/2012

(Опит за) компаративистичен увод в новогръцката поезия от периода 1880–1930

Author(s): Fotiny Christakoudy-Konstantinidou / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 24/2020

The hunger for history of the entire 20th c. has unnoticedly become also a hunger for identities. In this sense, the role of Greek poetry, created at the turn and during the first decades of the 20th c., grows when except through the prism of a spiritual landmark we view it as a carrier of historical memory (because according to Seferis “a part of the past is always alive”) and also as a coordinate system for defining the notion of identity. Through our literary research we are trying to clarify the essence of the various processes that dictate literary production in the last decades of the 19th c. and in the first decades of the 20th c., that is from the moment when Greek poetry became ready to accept the first modernization wave through the work of the poets from the 1880s poetic generation up to point of the attainment of a relative maturity in mastering the ideas of modernism during the 1920s, which subsequently traced the path for the rise of Greek literature to the zenith of international fame through the creations of the authors from the 1930s literary generation.

(РА)СТВАРАЊЕ PERSONAE DRAMATIS У МАГБЕТУ ЕЖЕНА ЈОНЕСКА

Author(s): Katarina Z. Milić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 57/2015

Dans ce travail nous offrons les résultats de l’analyse des concepts dramatiques contemporains par rapport au théâtre dit traditionnel, et nous prêtons attention surtout au statut du personnage dramatique, vu que celui-ci est l’un des éléments inévitables dans la structure dramatique. Notre but est de présenter des tendences singulières du théâtre de l’absurde (le degré zéro du théâtre), et plus particulièrement la création des personnages dramatiques en tant que des figures disséminatives, mais aussi d’indiquer leur rôle dans le théâtre contemporain et leur rapport avec les contraintes structurales de celui-ci.

`СМИСАО ЗА ИСТОРИЈУ` И `ЖИВА ТРАДИЦИЈА` У ЕЛИОТОВОЈ ПУСТОЈ ЗЕМЉИ И ПОЕЗИЈИ ШЕЈМУСА ХИНИЈА

Author(s): Ana S. Živković / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 54/2014

Comparing the poem Wasteland by Thomas Eliot to the Irish Nobel-prize winner Saemus Heaney’s collection of poetry Bogland, the paper underscores the similarities and differences aiming to prove that almost identical “sense of history’ is present in the poetry of both poets. Eliot views the “sense of history’ as the ability to recognize the same situations and patterns not only in the past, but in the present and future, bringing time into a whole, not chronological, but cyclic. “Living tradition’ is the tradition of stopping and continuing, basing the existence in the past and surviving in the present. The research includes the incongruities of Eliot’s theoretical considerations about tradition and practical realizations of those ideas in poetry, and we conclude that, according to the poet, tradition is not everything written since Homer until today, but only those works that possess the “sense of history’. The important myths (mermaid myth, Holy Grail myth, Narcissus myth) remind us that the 20th century man is not free from the primeval striving towards the spiritual and physical healing, as well as the eternal craving to divulge one’s own being completely. Civilization and capitalist tradition have distanced contemporary man from nature and sexual emotion, and directed him towards profit and material production. Despite Eliot’s declaring as a royalist and follower of catholic tradition, his poetry as well as Heaney’s is predominated by the influence of humanistic tradition based on the conflict of different cultural concepts, on the archetypes of light and darkness, heavens and the underworld.

A Butlerian Reading of Ernest Hemingway’s Personality and his Work

Author(s): Golbarg Khorsand,Parvin Ghasem / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2017

This study aims at analyzing Hemingway’s selected novels and short stories in order to identify possible shared masochistic symptoms. The overriding questions concerning this paper will center on the multiple ways in which Hemingway’s sexual fluidity contributes to formation of masochistic behavior in his writings and also the degree to which masochistic properties contributed to the aesthetic and literary values of his fiction. This paper concentrates on the specific elements of masochism which pertain to the texts most, including symbiosis/separation dichotomy (closely related to the theme of humiliation), fetishism, pain, violence and death. The author wishes to unveil the oft-hidden submissive and feminine characteristics of the masculine characters which are not few in Hemingway’s writings.

A CHALLENGE TO ALL AUTHORITIES: D.H. LAWRENCE’S PROVOCATIVE REMOTE SOUTH

Author(s): Stefania Michelucci / Language(s): English / Issue: 24/2018

From his first travel book Twilight in Italy (1916) to the posthumously published Etruscan Places (1932), Lawrence’s travel writing shows a continuous experimentation with the genre, which in his hands, always escapes any fixed scheme. In spite of their stylistic difference and the variety of images and contents, his travel books lay bare a common intention, which is the author’s attempt to escape the wasteland of mechanization and industrialization, the upsetting, fragmented world of Europe at the time of World War I, and to find an ideal place for a rebirth, a palingenesis, a place (remote in space and, in the case of Etruscan Places, also in time) where human beings could live an harmonious relationship with Nature, with the Other and with the Self.

A clean, well-lighted writing

Author(s): Irina Simanschi / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2017

Interpreting Hemingway’s works is mostly focused on the intermingling of the recurring themes, on the (in)explicable achievements of the troubled (fe)male characters, and yet it is the shaping of the discourse which stands for Hemingway’s hallmark. Reverting to the carefully planned withdrawal of strategic elements of the writing contributes to the complexity of the text, which to a great extent depends on the reader so as to be given hermeneutical value. The display of the clear language is nothing but a straightforward wrapping of internal progressive actions beneath the text, which both vertically and horizontally challenges the reader and the entire narrative act.

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CONDITIONS IN THE ROMANTIC AND VICTORIAN AGES AND THEIR REFLECTION IN THE POEMSTHE CHIMNEY SWEEPER (1789, 1794) BY WILLIAM BLAKE AND THE CRY OF THE CHILDREN BY ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING

Author(s): Melih Karakuzu,Özlem Sayar / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2016

“The Romantic and The Victorian Ages are the consecutive ages, and there is not a long time between them. That is why, the conditions in the society and the effects of the developments on both the social and literary environment are similar, and therefore some common themes can also be found in the literary works written in these ages. As Stephen Greenblatt also states, the literary texts are a part of culture and they reflect the cultures and the periods they are produced in, which means that this reflection is somehow inevitable. Likewise, The Chimney Sweeper (1789, 1794) poems by William Blake and The Cry of The Children by Elizabeth Barrett Browning reflect common concerns about the Romantic and the Victorian Ages. This paper aims to compare the stated poems of these poets in terms of child labor, social and family relationships, and religion; also according to the reflection in these poems, it tries to analyze whether the conditions about these issues in the Romantic Age made any progress in the Victorian Age.”

A Comparative Study: Existentialism in No Exit by Jean Paul Sartre and Shadowless by Hasan Ali Toptaş

Author(s): Hilal Kaya / Language(s): English / Issue: 99/2019

Existentialism has influenced a lot of literary works throughout history. Existentialism can be studied in literary works by means of foregrounding the existential themes and techniques. Some of these themes are being, change, freedom, selfcognizance, isolation, responsibility, free-will, and alienation. Traversing the boundary between philosophy and literature, this essay aims to analyse the existential themes of Jean Paul Sartre’s No Exit or Huis Clos (1944) and Hasan Ali Toptaş’s Shadowless or Gölgesizler (1993) with an intertextual and comparative approach. This essay considers Sartre’s No Exit and Toptaş’s Shadowless as postmodern texts. Before exploring the existentialist themes and techniques in No Exit and Shadowless, this study aims to discuss the tradition of existentialism in literature. After presenting an introductory review on such existentialist concepts in literature as existence, essence, freedom, angst, and absurd, some recurrent themes in Sartre’s and Toptaş’s works will be highlighted and analysed.