Възможности за развитие на уменията за самооценка в обучението по английски език като чужд

Author(s): Irena Pencheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2019

The paper reviews the importance of self-esteem in shaping the identity of a person, as well as the role of self – assessment in students’ learning. The paper also presents some options for developing students’ self-assessment skills in the coursebook “Blue skies for Bulgaria for the 4th grade”, based on an analysis of the structure of the coursebook and through concrete examples of its content. The proposed techniques are part of an experimental model whose effectiveness will be tested during the school year 2018/2019 with students studying English as a foreigner in the fourth grade.

Book review

Author(s): Rania Karachaliou / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2018

Laughing at robots:

Author(s): Tereza Walsbergerová / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2018

This article addresses the synthesis of humour and paranoia in portrayals of artificial intelligence (AI) in the popular American podcast Welcome to Night Vale (2012-). It argues that contrary to the Relief Theory, fusing humour and cyber-paranoia does not help release the tension (anxious energy) generated within the narrative. Rather, the synthesis of humour and paranoia maintains suspense by creating within the narratives moments of ambiguity with the potential to leave the reader or audience caught between fear and laughter after the story ends.

Shifting from meaning to its carrier:

Author(s): Ron Aharoni / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2018

Incongruity theories maintain that the core of humour is in interplay between meanings. Two incompatible meanings – of situations, verbal utterances or actions – are juxtaposed, one replacing the other or colliding with it. In this paper, I suggest that often the game is not played between two meanings, but between meaning and its carrier. I provide as examples two families of jokes and one general type of humour sharing this mechanism. One of the two families comprises jokes of self-reference, and the other consists of jokes based on deflation of symbols, which means using them in a concrete sense. The general type of humour is the subject of Bergson’s 1900 theory of the comic, mechanical behaviour where flexible human reaction is expected. The mechanism common to all three is a shift of weight from meaning to its carrier. This mechanism is then traced also in other jokes, suggesting possible universality.

Grasping political cartoons?

Author(s): Dafina Genova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

The article focuses on the interpretation of political cartoons and the means of expression a cartoonist uses to convey a message: visual metaphors, visual metonymies as well as metaphors inferred from the image and/or text. The metaphors and visual metonymies in the cartoons are analyzed from the point of view of Conceptual Metaphor and Metonymy Theory. In the analysis, visual and inferential metaphors are viewed as incongruities; there are also incongruities as a result of the interaction between image, title and/or caption. Political cartoons can have more than one focal (visual) incongruity that enables the introduction of a Logical Mechanism from the General Theory of Verbal Humour (GTVH) to (partially) resolve the incongruity/ies. Visual metonymies and images can also function as enablers of a Logical Mechanism. Image and/or text can contrast with or reinforce a Logical Mechanism. Additionally, visual metaphors and metonymies function as contextualization indexes in the interpretation of the cartoons. Humour is the means to get the cartoonist’s message across to the viewer/reader and not an end in itself.

#ForgiveUsForWeHaveSinned:

Author(s): Nihada Delibegović Džanić,Sanja Berberović / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

The aim of the paper is to uncover the extent to which different forms of political Internet humour can criticise current political affairs in a developing democracy such as Bosnia and Herzegovina. Specifically, applying a cognitive linguistic theory of meaning construction, namely conceptual integration theory, the paper analyses the construction of meaning of humorous Internet forms, such as memes, demotivational posters, hashtag posts, and memetic photographs, representing innovative ways of providing political commentaries on current political affairs. The meaning of political humour is constructed in conceptual blending as a basic cognitive mechanism. As it is claimed (Coulson & Pascual 2006, Coulson & Oakley 2006, Coulson 2006, Oakley & Coulson 2008) that blending can be used as a rhetorical tool influencing the audience to change the reality and even act upon it, the analysis of the construction of meaning of political humour as products of conceptual integration can reveal hidden ideologies in political discourse.

Logic and reasoning in jokes

Author(s): Graeme Ritchie / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2014

It has often been remarked that jokes involve some form of distorted logic, but the details ofthis joke logic have not been fully explored. We offer a contribution to the methodology of thisexploration by clarifying some abstract theoretical distinctions. Firstly, we separate twocrucially different notions of “reasoning” which are relevant to joke comprehension: internallogic and audience inference. Internal logic is a system of logical rules, in the traditionalsense, which define relationships within the fictional world of the joke, particularly therelation of consequence. Audience inference is a dynamic process which the recipient of ajoke undertakes in order to make sense of it. Previous writings on the topic of logic in jokesseem to conflate these two very different concepts. Another distinction which is sometimesoverlooked is between internal logic and other joke techniques with different functions, suchas strategies for presenting information. We also consider whether the logic of jokes requiresa qualitatively different inference mechanism from that of conventional logic, concluding thatthere is not yet any evidence to suggest this. Finally, we reflect on how we might go on toaddress the open question of what is possible as pseudo-logic within a joke.

Преподаването на манифеста

Author(s): Irena Dimova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2021

In this article, we look at the genre of the manifesto and its possible uses in high school. First, we point out some basic characteristics of this type of text and link them to the idea of a “form of rebellion”. Second, we make a connection between teaching literature in school with teaching the literary events and facts as part of the so-called literary narrative, i.e., putting the phenomena into the larger framework of what is happening in the cultural context of the observed period. We propose a possible way of teaching the manifesto, based on an example of the aesthetico-theoretical work of Geo Milev, having in mind that the author has texts with the characteristics of a manifesto, not complete manifestos.

Немските лексикални единици, съдържащи суфиксоида -weise, и техните еквиваленти в българския език

Author(s): Elena Nikolova-Kiskinova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2021

Our research interest was provoked by a group of lexical units typical of the German language, containing the productive suffix -weise. These words represent an open system, the representatives of which show a high frequency of use, and nuance the sentence meaning in a distinctive way. The present comparative study between the two unrelated languages, based on a corpus of excerpts from the original fiction and published translated texts from and into German, aims to identify and analyze possible options for precise bilateral translation of the respective lexical items. The analysis made is extremely useful and necessary to overcome the difficulties identified in the course of teaching German as a foreign language, and contributes to the formulation of clear concepts for achieving accurate equivalent translation.

Нови същински и несъщински фразеологични изрази в българския медиен дискурс

Author(s): Teodora Ilieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2021

The prerequisites for spontaneous or premedited phraseological word formation are both cultural and geopolitical, ethnopsychological, socio-economic, contextual and others. Some neophraseologies acquire public usage and multiply, others freeze in the field of the occasional word formation. The main criteria for the excerpt of the phrases in the research are: the chronological one – real (full) and non-real (non-full) phraseologies are analyzed, isolated from media texts during the last 7 years; the semantic one – the semantic motivation is established, which is a result of borrowing, tracing, modification of an element of the phrase or rehabilitation of archaic word combinations; structural – mono-, bi- and polyelement forms; the thematic one – where sustainable units with different conceptual and stylistic affiliation are analyzed. The aim of the study is to differentiate the new real phraseology according to the derivational methods and ways of their emergence through metaphorization, metonymization, irony, hyperbole, substitution, etc. Each of the phrases is analyzed comprehensively according to the specified parameters.

Синтаксисът като езикова онтология

Author(s): Mariana Georgieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2021

n our opinion, * `logical basis` and *` syntactic basis` are incorrect from a cognitive point of view. The subjunctive is a syntactic category and the qualification `logical` is an oxymoron, or at least a dissonance. In logic, the category is the subject. And since the subjunctive is the syntactic category, even more disturbing is the tautological * `syntactic subjunctive`. The article substantiates the cognitive reading of the substratum. What is new is the derivation of linguistic ontology as a category of the cognitive method in syntax, of cognitive syntax.

Интернационализм «аванс» в русском и болгарском языках: сопоставительный анализ

Author(s): Olga Barabash,Antonia Pencheva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2021

The article examines the functioning of the international word "аванс", formed from the French "avance" in the Russian and Bulgarian languages. By comparing the existing semantic capacity of the concept of "аванс" in the Russian, Bulgarian and French languages, the article reveals the nationally specific components of the meanings of these lexical units. The correlation of the secondary meanings recorded in the Slavic languages in question with the accompanying set of lexical and semantic variants of the original French word is established. The authors come to the conclusion that the translation of the international word “аванс” from Russian into Bulgarian in certain contexts requires the method of concretization, while the reverse translation requires the method of generalization.

Decoding Colour Words in English Maritime and Naval Terminology

Author(s): Galina Velikova / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2021

The present paper attempts to investigate colour words and phrases which give a special flavour to Maritime and Naval Terminology in English. It is based on a list of the most common words and phrases excerpted from specialized dictionaries and strives to systematize them using the lexico-semantic method. Bearing in mind their particular status in language it is found that colour words abound with figurative meanings and give rise to both metonymy and metaphor. The findings in this study can be applicable when teaching English maritime and naval terminology.

К вопросу о содержании функциональной грамотности

Author(s): Natalya Jadko,Mariam Moiseevna Bezrukikh / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2021

he article considers the structure of functional literacy from the standpoint of activity, system and competence approaches as a condition for its formation and assessment of formation. Competencies are considered as units of speech activity. Soft skills and hard skills differ. The author's model of the structure of functional literacy as a speech activity is proposed, the product and subject of which is the text.

За някои методически принципи в специализираното чуждоезиково обучение за професията

Author(s): Silviya Vasileva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2021

The article discusses the necessity to apply specific methodological principles in FLT for professional purposes due to the increasing interest of learners towards such training. The focus is on the essence of the concept of specialized economic language and on the method of Task-Based Approach. The necessary strategies for its application are also mentioned. The development of the skill for active linguistic performance is promoted mainly by the implementation of minimally structured training situations (authenticity). The constructivist principle of creating polymodular conditions, including the personal experience of the learner so as to stimulate the solution of the given problem are mentioned. For this purpose the specialized content and its peculiarities together with its exact location in the vertical stratification of specialized language are emphasized. The process of working with specialized text and one of the descriptors of CEFR are discussed. When working, the principles of subject-specific aspects are taken into consideration, placing the importance on the quality of teaching materials instead of their quantity, and prioritizing the sistematicity and the orientation of the content over the form.

Отговорността пред езика и пред делото на езиковеда

Author(s): Zhaneta Andreeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

The article is a thematic review of the seventh volume of „Тhe Responsibility to Language“ series, published by the Department of Bulgarian Language at the University of Shumen “Bishop Konstantin Preslavski”. The included materials are dedicated to the 90th anniversary of Corresponding Member Prof. Dr. Todor Boyadzhiev, Rector and Doctor Honoris Causa of the University of Shumen. Compilers and scientific editors are Dimitar Popov, Velka Popova, Kalina Yocheva, Aneta Tihova, Ani Angelova, Irina Ivanova. The publication includes scientific works of Bulgarian and foreign linguists.

Language Transfer and Problems of Teaching Bulgarian for Slav Students

Author(s): Nadezhda Stalyanova,Elena Krejčová / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The text presents the problems of studying Bulgarian as a second language by Slavs with an emphasis on the specifics of foreign language teaching in a Slavic environment. The study presents a theoretical view of the language contacts, transfer and interference in the context of second language acquisition. We pay special attention to the issues of mutual linguistic influences and the genetic closeness between languages ​​through the prism of their acquisition. The influence of the first language on the acquisition and later on the use of the second language can be positive, negative and even zero influence. The positive influence is manifested in the fact that the practical and theoretical knowledge of the first language, language habits and skills support the process of learning a new language and its use as a tool for communication. The positive transfer can be specified according to various criteria: e.g. can be divided into conscious and spontaneous, direct and transformed, etc. Negative influence is manifested at all language levels through the so-called negative transfer or interference – these are the errors that occur due to the influence of the first language on the second and which bear the signs of the first language. We also present opposite views that the linguistic transfer on the one hand can greatly facilitate the acquisition of a second Slavic language, but also the view that closeness between languages ​​can lead to excessive linguistic interference.

Другата руска тройка. Случаят Достоевски

Author(s): Lyudmil Dimitrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

This text attempts to trace a hidden archetype in nineteenth-century Russian literature and how it works in Dostoevsky. As much as there is a lot of space in the metaliterature of the Russian troika, understood as a horses driving and its symbolic metamorphosis of a bird-trio in Gogol, the emphasis here is on the topic, which I can call the “other Russian troika (trio)”. It is about the presence of an almost sacred three-dimensional character, who at one point is attacked and overturned against his presumption of holiness by a fourth demonological hero and a serious battle for his re-sacralization is imminent. Set by the three Baroque witches in Shakespeare's “Macbeth”, led by Hekate, this model was first tested in nineteenth-century Russian literature by Pushkin in “A Tale of Tsar Saltan”, and then in two stages, feminized and masculinized, developed by Dostoevsky in “The Idiot” and “The Karamazov Brothers”, respectively, and finally finds its triumphant ending in Chekhov's “Three Sisters”, whose character system parodies that of “The Idiot”. Why is Dostoevsky such an important link in the listed paradigm?

Идентичността като пребиваване в Другия

Author(s): Magdalena Kostova-Panayotova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

The article focuses on Michael Ondaatje’s novel The English Patient, which deals with the issues of identity, belonging to the nation, family, community, friends. According to the ideas of the text, the realization through the Other, the care of the person whom you “flowed into”, whose soul has become more important than family and homeland, is the empathy that is necessary to overcome pain, war, loss and boundaries. The time in the novel unfolds in a specific historical period, against the backdrop of one of the most tragic episodes of the twentieth century, yet the culturological context of The English Patient includes the Antiquity and Renaissance art, history and music, fine arts, as well as the European prose of the XIX century. By shaking the idea of national priorities, the narrative, shows that the history of European civilization is irreducible to simply war and destruction.

Медицински конотации в понятието „криза“

Author(s): Iveta Tasheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

This paper attempts to show how medical terminology and medical connotations mark concepts that later become central to philosophical, cultural, political, and social discourse. In this case, the chosen concept is the notion of crisis, which has been central to medicine since antiquity, has marked with meanings all subsequent epochs, and has become significant for our entire modernity. In short, it shows how medical connotations carry over to unrestricted uses in the broader context of language, and the concept of crisis is open to uses of different orders and in diverse contexts. To arrive at the conviction that its use as a metaphor for states of decline, failure, degeneration, ruin prevails. It is said to be a crisis, but as in medicine, it refers to deterioration.