LES « COULEURS DES ÉMOTIONS » : APPROCHE CONTRASTIVE FRANÇAIS-ROUMAIN

Author(s): Alice Ionescu / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2022

Emotions are more often than not expressed, in many languages, through idioms. They are also associated, in many cultures, with different colours of the spectrum. These associations do not seem entirely random to us, as they are due either to the observation of physiological manifestations of emotions, or to cultural / religious traditions or to certain (more or less) universal symbols or representations (there is a whole range of meanings and symbols related to the different colours). In the current paper, we propose a contrastive analysis (French-Romanian) of idioms related to emotions that contain adjectives of colour. We list the idioms that express positive (joy, happiness, enthusiasm) and negative (anger, sadness, fear, jealousy, surprise) emotions containing (adverbial) adjectives of colour: white, black, yellow, red, green, blue and pink, and we compared them in order to identify the points of convergence and divergence. To this end, we used language dictionaries (Le PetitRobert and Larousse for French, DLR for Romanian) and bilingual phraseological dictionaries (see Bibliography).

POUR L’ANALYSE DE L’AUDIOVISUEL: CONTRAINTES LINGUISTIQUES ET SÉMIOTIQUES

Author(s): Lamiae Slaoui,Bouchra Berrada / Language(s): French Issue: XVI/2024

Our article mainly deals with the constraints relating to the specificities of audiovisual discourse. Admittedly, this one presents itself under a double aspect: the text and the image which lead to a plural interpretation of the whole making the reading more difficult. Our example of audiovisual discourse submitted for analysis is the fable « Le lion et le rat ». Among the studied linguistic elements, we can mention the lexicon and the prosody at the level of the text, and the space and the iconographic codes at the level of the image, aiming to finally arrive at the point of view adopted by the analysis, that of the complementarity of the two signs.

"GETTING IT ACROSS THE TABLE":THE "MANIFESTLY" DISCOURSE ADVERBIALS REVISITED

Author(s): Marija Mišković-Luković / Language(s): English Issue: 81/2023

The paper reconsiders the semantic and pragmatic roles of a subset of parenthetical linguistic expressions that typically go under a general heading of sentence (or sentential) adverbs (or adverbials) or pragmatic markers. The subset comprises expressions that encode the speaker’s strongest subjective stance to the proposition expressed by the utterance (e.g. the English expressions obviously, clearly, evidently, certainly and surely, and their Serbian counterparts očigledno, jasno, sigurno and svakako). Given the main, theoretic, orientation of the paper, however, the contrastive issue had to be neglected. Still, the paper gives an impetus for contrastive studies, in particular, regarding the encoded linguistic meaning in relation to interactional import. An accumulation of contrastive data, and analyses thereof, will contribute not only to re-evaluating and refining what we have come to know about encoded meaning, but also, and more importantly, to solving the contentious issue of the strict conceptual/procedural dichotomy.

THE PRAGMATICS OF DISCOURSE IN HEALTH CARE AND FOOD ADVERTISING TEXTS- A CROSSLINGUISTIC APPROACH IN TERMS OF ‘DEDICATED’ PHRASES (ENGLISH – ROMANIAN)

Author(s): Andreea DINU / Language(s): English Issue: 36/2024

This article aims to analyze the pragmatics of the advertising discourse. We live in a world in which advertising and the advertising discourse have a major significance. There are advertising messages or discourses with a pure informative purpose, but there are also other patterns, such as: the metalinguistic advertising discourse, the poetic advertising discourse, the advertising discourse with an expressive or emotional function, the advertising message with a conative or phatic function. Some forms of advertising discourse have cognitive and communicative functions. By means of this article, we tried to sketch a general view on the advertising discourse and its functions. We illustrated these theoretical examples with a series of illustrative examples, featuring some of the most famous commercials. To create a brand implies, in the end, concentration, efficacy, efficiency and coherence, all these dimensions and valences being present in the advertising discourse.

EXPLORING SOCIAL REALITY IN ROMANIAN, ENGLISH AND FRENCH ANTONYMIC PHRASEOLOGIES: “SUCCESS” AND “UNSUCCESS”

Author(s): Oana Balan / Language(s): English Issue: 36/2024

This paper examines the social reality and cultural relativity surrounding the concepts of ‘success’ and ‘unsuccess’ across Romanian, English and French phraseologies and the way they are reflective of the values, norms, and aspirations of a society. Drawing upon cognitive linguistics theories, the analysis delves into linguistic expressions and cultural narratives related to ‘success’ and ‘unsuccess’, while also considering the biographies of prominent figures such as Queen Elizabeth II, Coco Chanel and Queen Mary of Romania. By comparing linguistic representations and cultural attitudes towards success and unsuccess in these three languages, this study aims to highlight both the similarities and differences between societies and their perceptions of achievement and failure.

CALQUE AND LANGUAGE IDEOLOGY IN CONTEMPORARY JOURNALISM

Author(s): Ionela-Cristina Bogdan (Sandu) / Language(s): English Issue: 36/2024

The aim of this paper is to show that the calque phenomenon has a major impact on the process of Romanian contemporary journalism, leading to its evolution. This way, the evolution of the press has also had a major impact on the media phenomenon. The process of calque, also known as loan translation, has been a subject of study in terms of enhancing a language's vocabulary through external methods. This aids the formation of fresh terminologies in both general and specialized areas of language.

CULTURAL AND LINGUISTIC RECEPTION OF THE HEART (CASE STUDY: GREEK IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS)

Author(s): Ștefan Dumitru / Language(s): English Issue: 36/2024

From the perspective of cognitive linguistics, the Greek idiomatic expressions whose core term is the noun “heart” confirm the cultural representations of it in the most important cultures: headquarters of emotions and feelings, of reason and conscious decisions, of will. The three levels of human consciousness are captured in various ways in the corpus of the sixty-three expressions inventoried. In the present research we highlighted both the correspondences between the two domains established by cognitive linguistics, as well as their essential coordinates. The drafting of similar studies will allow the formulation of conclusions that interest both the study of Greek mentalities (with interdisciplinary developments) and modern directions of language study, such as neurolinguistics.

За някои разстройства на детската реч: ранен детски аутизъм, вербална диспраксия на развитието, фетален алкохолен синдром

Author(s): Evelina Grigorova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: Special/2024

The main function of speech is the communicative one, i.e. the transmission of comprehensive information from the speaker to his interlocutor and vice versa. The communicative chain model has long been known in linguistics and its simplified form includes addressee (encoding)→ message/noise→ (decoding)→ addressee. It can be seen that interference could occur on both sides of the communication chain. In this paper, we will briefly describe some problems in communication due to pervasive developmental disorders such as early childhood autism as well as developmental verbal dyspraxia, and fetal alcohol syndrome. A relationship between neural patterns and the disorders under consideration will be outlined in general terms.

Модел за оценка на рецептивния език при деца от предучилищна възраст

Author(s): Neli Vasileva,Elena Boyadzhieva-Deleva,Denitsa Krasteva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2024

The beginning of the preschool period (4-5 years) is a time of active formation and improvement of the neuropsychological mechanisms of the main linguistic levels of spoken language (phonological, lexical-semantic and grammatical) in their two main aspects - receptive (perception and processing of verbal information ) and expressive (language encoding and generation of independent utterances). However, the existing diagnostic procedures, both in Bulgaria and worldwide, mainly focus on the state of children‘s expressive language skills. The processes related to the perception and processing of linguistic information often remain outside the attention of specialists. The probable reason for this fact is that in the development of children‘s language, perception and understanding precede expressive abilities. This unproven claim directs researchers‘ attention to the realization of children‘s language skills at the expense of the state of impressive language. It is known that there are variants in which children remember and use „ pattern expressions“ without a sufficient degree of understanding. Incomplete decoding of grammatical forms is most fully highlighted in the process of speech therapy diagnostics and has a high prognostic value regarding both the oral and written language of children. In the literacy period, similar type of deficits have a negative impact on reading skills related to decoding and understanding of written texts. The difficulties multiply as the volume and complexity of the learning texts increase during the different stages of schooling. The diagnostic tools available in our country for assessing early language development mainly focus on the state of children‘s expressive language ability (as in Diagnostics and prevention of language 3 – 4, D.P.E. 3 – 4, Stoyanova, Yosifova, Poppandova, Netsova, 2010; VERBA-2, Andonova 2022a, 2022b). This explains the need to develop and test a detailed diagnostic model for evaluating receptive language abilities at the main levels of the language system – lexical, morphological and syntactic. The material presents the conceptual framework of the first in our country hierarchically structured Model for the evaluation of receptive language in children with typical development at the age of 4 – 5 years. The purpose of the model is to derive age norms for decoding and understanding the Bulgarian language, which have a high prognostic value for the early diagnosis and prevention of children at risk of future learning difficulties.

THE RATIONALITY OF ADVERTISING. AN ANALYSIS OF RATIONAL, EMOTIONAL, INTEGRATIVE AND MECHANISTIC ADVERTISING

Author(s): Dan-Laurențiu Cardaș-Răduța / Language(s): English Issue: 37/2024

Given that several opinions have emerged in the literature over time according to which advertising addresses the irrational side of the public, this study aims to demonstrate that there is rationality even in types of advertising that at first glance do not target the consumers' rationality: emotional, mechanistic and integrative advertising. The study also aims to identify what types of rationality exist in these types of advertising, with reference to the Weberian theory of rationality, from which it focuses on instrumental rationality and value rationality. The main results of the research show that beyond the emotional impact that advertising has, the public is looking for rational objectives to purchase a product. These objectives are linked to the audience's values and its need to adapt to the demands of society. The study also shows that all types of advertising can be rationalised, as audiences do not automatically react to 'irrational' messages but decide on the basis of reasoning. Advertisers know this game of rationality and irrationality and use it frequently.

Особенности концептуализации имени собственного публицистическом дискурсе

Author(s): Anna Zhavoronkova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2021

The article examines the features of the linguistic objectification of names associated with the names of key political persons in the modern Serbian-language publicistic discourse. Such persons are the leading political figures of modern Serbia (president, prime minister, minister of internal affairs, minister of military affairs, etc.), whose names serve as the personification of the country's image. The proper name acts as a conceptual dominant of the media text, the nature of the linguistic objectification of which makes it possible to judge the moods prevailing in the social and political life of the country, the mirror of which is journalism. The semantic structure of a proper name is represented by the personal and professional traits of politicians, which are interpreted by the authors through the categories of the comic; as a result, the political person receives an unflattering, offensive nickname, which, however, takes its place in discourse and continues to be actively replicated.

Основные словообразовательные модели IT-лексики рядового пользователя в русском и болгарском языках

Author(s): Diyana Nikolova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2021

The article analyzes the formal structure of the IT vocabulary of an ordinary user. The question of word-formation models of vocabulary in the IT sphere is relevant, since this language for special purposes is relatively young, the system is still rapidly replenishing and improving. The dynamic development of this area, the continuous emergence of new nominations requires an adequate description of the ongoing processes in the IT vocabulary. A quantitative analysis is carried out, productive word-formation models for the nomination in the IT field are identified. The use of specific word-formation means in the formation of IT vocabulary indicates its belonging and connection with the grammatical features of the Russian or Bulgarian languages, on the one hand, as well as the influence that borrowed units experience, and on the other hand, the impact of this vocabulary on word-formation principles in the studied languages.

Рецензия на монографиs: Петкова-Калева Стефка. Концептът „празнота‟ в езиковото съзнание (върху материал от българския и руския език)

Author(s): Tatyana Chalakova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

Приближаването в пространството в руската и българската езикова картина на света

Author(s): Stefka Petkova-Kaleva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2020

The article is part of author‘s large study, dedicated to the linguistic presentation of the concept of ‗emptiness‘ in the Bulgarian and Russian linguoculture. The semantic components of the situation `approach` are considered as a dynamic conceptual model of distance, as well as the specifics of the verbal forms in the Bulgarian and Russian languages, presenting the situation of approach in its semantic structure. Particular emphasis is placed on the interlingual asymmetry between the elements of the two language systems and their internal semantic distribution.

Метафорические модели в сфере информационных технологий

Author(s): Diyana Nikolova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2019

The article deals with the nuclear term of computer terminology computer, which is an anthropomorphic metaphor created on Eglish-American soil. Metaphorical transfer is one of the main methods of nomination and reflects the connection between cultural processes and language changes. The universal nature of this way of forming new concepts in the IT sphere and demonstration of its functioning as a mechanism of cognition, interaction of languages, consciousness and national-cultural specificity is reflected in conceptual metaphors computer-machine, computer-man, computer-mirror world.

Tallin udoskonalony. Sprawcza moc wyobraźni w opowieści "Кармела" Goar Markosjan-Kasper

Author(s): Liliana Kalita / Language(s): Polish Issue: 34/2024

The subject of considerations is the role of artistic imagination and the causative power of aesthetic creation of the title character from the story by Goar Markosjan-Kasper. In the work, maintained in a postmodern style, the writer combines the problem of imagination with the category of memory/oblivion. He also uses the concept of an artists to show the duality of the imperfect material (real) world and the ideal world created by the causative power of the mind. Improving the world that takes place — pars pro toto — through changing the face of Tallinn has both a geographical and human dimension — communing with beauty triggers altruism and love in people.

Aktivierung des mentalen Lexikons während des Sprachgebrauchs der deutschen Sprache bei Germanistikstudierenden – Alter als Einflussfaktor

Author(s): Joanna Franek-Zaborowska / Language(s): German Issue: 33/2024

The article asks the question about the influence of age on language behaviour of German studies students in the context of activation of the mental lexicon. The aim of the study conducted is to examine whether the age of the test persons has an effect on linguistic functioning with relation to German language. The changes that occur with age within mental processes are multidimensional and highly individualized. The lexical units of all languages that man has acquired, referred to as the mental lexicon, are distinguished by varying degrees of anchoring, which translates into the quality and quantity of language production.

INTERCULTURAL HUMOR: A BRIDGE OR A GAP BETWEEN CIVILIZATIONS?

Author(s): Andrei-Lucian Marian / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 38/2024

This paper explores the complexity of intercultural humor, highlighting the challenges and opportunities it presents in an increasingly globalized world. Although humor is often considered a universal language, its ability to transcend cultural boundaries is limited by linguistic, social, and cultural differences. The study examines barriers that sometimes impede the understanding and appreciation of humor across different cultures, such as wordplay, cultural references, stereotypes, and the interpretation of various life situations. Additionally, concrete examples of intercultural humor are presented, including international adaptations of comedy series, slapstick humor, and the use of ethnic stereotypes, which demonstrate both commonalities and fundamental differences between cultures. Despite some barriers, intercultural humor can serve as a bridge between people, offering new perspectives and a deeper understanding of cultural diversity. The ability to navigate the complexities of intercultural humor is essential for effective communication and for building harmonious relationships between the world's diverse cultures.

A GENERAL CONVERSATION ON CONLANGS

Author(s): Ștefan Ghiran / Language(s): English Issue: 38/2024

Constructed languages seem to be what J.R.R. Tolkien names “A Secret Vice” of humanity and have been with us in one form of another for a long time. At the hight of the 19th century the fascination was with finding a universal language, but today they seem to be more prominent due to the media promoting them and at the same time they go unnoticed. Many language creators applied their craft to enrich fictional worlds, their own or otherwise, and in doing so managed to transform this “vice” into an artform where the prefix “art” in “artlang” stands for artistic, no longer for artificial. This article aims to present the history of artificial languages, some of the characteristics that might make such a language successful and attempts to follow the shift from understanding and using language creation as a tool in its previous stages to the artform it is today by combining elements of general linguistics with examples from various crafted languages.

Application of AI Technologies in STEAM School Education

Author(s): Todorka Glushkova,Anna Malinova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

Artificial intelligence is increasingly entering all spheres of our lives, including the sphere of education. These technologies offer numerous advantages and opportunities to perform various activities and tasks throughout the educational process. This article discusses some aspects of the application of AI technologies to improve personalization, accessibility, and interactivity in school education, and especially in learning STEAM subjects. The authors aim to propose approaches to successfully integrate AI into the work of teachers and facilitators during the preplanning phase of lessons, the preparation of personalized tasks for students, the process of testing and assessing knowledge, as well as in group and project-based learning. The article shares the experience of teaching a compulsory computer science course as well as working in an interest club related to artificial intelligence and robotics with 6th grade students in secondary school, highlighting the potential of certain chatbots to support and enrich the process of programming.